Abstract: The present invention discloses a computer-implemented method for digitally signing transactions between multiple nodes comprising preparing a multi-party transaction block, comprising at least one transaction object comprising at least a goods transaction and a payment transaction, adding first digital asset sources, digital signing and transmitting the multi-party transaction block in the previous node, to a subsequent node, adding additional digital asset sources, digital signing and finally submitting the multi-party transaction block to a transaction ledger by the final node, wherein all of the digital asset sources to be swapped are recorded in the ledger. The present invention further discloses a system to accomplish the above, comprising a first node, a second node, and a transaction ledger. Further a computer program product including a program for a processing device, comprising software code portions for performing the steps of the above method is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to blockchain technologies such as the Bitcoin blockchain, and the tokenisation of assets or entities. It is particularly suited for implementing a payroll on a blockchain platform and comprises a method (100) and system (1) of transferring cryptocurrency from a first node (3) to a second node (7). Both nodes (3, 7) are associated with a payroll and have a respective asymmetric cryptography pair, each pair including a master private key and a master public key. Respective additional private and public keys may be determined based on the master private key, master public key and a generator value at each node. The additional private and public keys may form a hierarchical structure. A common secret may be determined at each of the nodes (3, 7) based on the additional private and public keys. The common secret may be used to securely transmit confidential information across a communications network (5).

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a client system for facilitating enhanced offline payment. During operation, the system obtains a location indicator, which indicates the location of a service, from a charging system. The system then generates an offline code that allows access to the service and corresponds to the location indicator. The offline code can be readable by the charging system, and the client system and the charging system can both be offline. Subsequently, the system encodes the historical data associated with the service in a field of the offline code and sends a message comprising the offline code to the charging system.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method (100) and system (1) for determining a metadata M for securing a controlled digital resource such as computer software using a distributed hash table (13) and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14). This is a blockchain such as the Bitcoin blockchain. The method includes determining (110) a data associated with the computer software and determining (120) a first hash value based on the computer software. A second hash value based on the data and the computer software may be determined (130). The method further includes sending 140, over a communications network (5), the data, the first hash value and the second hash value to an entry for storage in a distributed hash table (13). The second hash value may be a key of a key-value pair. The data and the first hash value may be a value in the key-value pair. A metadata (M) that is based on the second hash value may be determined (150) for storage on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14).

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a server computer, a thin client identifier from a thin client on a communication device. The server computer can then retrieve an encrypted first cryptographic key based on the thin client identifier. The encrypted first cryptographic key is a first cryptographic key that is encrypted with a second cryptographic key. The server computer can initiate the sending of the encrypted first cryptographic key to the thin client. The server computer then receives an encrypted secret from the thin client, the encrypted secret being a secret encrypted with the first cryptographic key.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and systems for storing, sharing retrieving, writing and accessing data (content) on a blockchain. The invention may form part of a protocol for storing, searching and accessing the data. An embodiment of the invention comprises the step of processing at least one blockchain transaction (Tx) comprising: a protocol flag; a discretionary public key (DPK); and a discretionary transaction ID (DTx ID). These are discretionary in the sense that they are not required as part of the underlying blockchain protocol but in accordance with the present invention. This combination of features enables portions of data to be identified, retrieved and shared on a blockchain, and also to be linked/associated with one another when provided in a plurality of transactions. It enables a graph or tree-like structure to be constructed, which reflects the hierarchical relationships between portions of data, facilitating their processing, searching and sharing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing and/or processing a blockchain to maintain data security for confidential and/or personal data are provided. According to certain aspects, the disclosed data security techniques may enable access sharing functionality utilizing the blockchain. For example, access sharing may be utilized to file documents, share policy information, and/or comply with an audit. The data security techniques disclosed herein also enable the use of smart contracts to transfer funds associated with payment obligations and/or other forms of blockchain based payments, comply with anti-money laundering requirements, report industry data, validate interest payments and/or maintain agent sales data. Data security may be achieved through the use of public key/private key encryption techniques.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and corresponding systems for the sharing, storage, creation and accessing of data stored on a blockchain eg the Bitcoin blockchain. It may form part of a protocol for searching the blockchain for content/data. A method in accordance with the invention may be used for associating or linking data stored within (separate/different) blockchain transactions to enable the identification, retrieval and/or sharing of data stored therein. Additionally, or alternatively, it facilitates identification of transactions (TX) in a blockchain which store content/data that needs to be shared, transmitted, stored and/or accessed by a user. Such a method comprises the step of mapping a mnemonic to: 1) a public key (PK) associated with the transaction (TX); and 2) the transaction ID (TXID) of the transaction (TX).

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for distributed extensible blockchain structures is provided. A system includes a parent blockchain. The parent blockchain includes a first block including first content, the first block stored at a first location, and a second block stored at a second location different than the first location. The second block includes second content and a first SignerInfo element. The first SignerInfo element includes a hash on the second content, a hash on the first content of the first block, a pointer to the first location of the first block, and a first SignatureValue element generated by digitally signing at least the hash on the second content, the hash on the first content, and the pointer to the first location.

Abstract: A remote attestation mode negotiation method for a combined device and a related device, where the combined device includes at least a first unit. The method implemented by the first unit includes sending a mode negotiation request message to the remote attestation device; receiving a mode negotiation response message comprising a target remote attestation mode; and determining the remote attestation mode based on the mode negotiation response message. In this way, a target remote attestation manner to be used subsequently can be determined through negotiation between the combined device and the remote attestation device, to provide a data basis for subsequently and sequentially performing remote attestation on the combined device.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for securely transmitting a output script or information associated with a payroll and a user between a first node and a second node. The method comprises: determining a symmetric-key based on a common secret, based on a first node second private key and a second node second private key, wherein the second node has the same common secret based on a first node second public key and a second node second private key; encrypting at least part of the output script or information associated with the payroll and the second node with the symmetric-key, to an encrypted output script or encrypted information associated with the payroll and the second node; and sending the encrypted output script or encrypted information associated from the first node to the second node.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, systems and infrastructure for depositing at least one instruction onto one or more data blocks of a distributed immutable ledger implemented to have a plurality of data blocks connected by way of logical links in a sequential chain. The at least one instruction may be associated with information deposited onto the one or more data blocks, the deposited information comprising at least one of data or metadata utilizable by a second party, using a computing application, to perform one or more operations according to the at least one instructions as related to a first step in a process being managed by the first party.

Abstract: Methods, systems, devices, and computer-readable media for a payment delegation and linking system are provided. The system may generate a delegation request to send to an individual for payment of a portion of a value of a transaction. The delegation request may be sent to the individual with a payment URL embedded with a token. Upon initiation of payment in response to the delegation request, the token may be embedded in an unused field of a payment transaction record generated at the individual's device and may be transmitted from the individual's device to a payment processing system for processing and settlement. The payment transaction record may ultimately be received at the requestor's bank with the token intact. The token may be used to link the received payment transaction with the original delegated transaction. The original delegated transaction and the received payment transaction may be displayed together in a transaction summary.

Abstract: A computer device instantiates a first Transport Layer Security (TLS) endpoint having access to a trusted execution environment (TEE) of the processor; generates in the TEE in an endpoint-specific public-private key pair bound to the first TLS endpoint; generates of attestation data verifying that the endpoint-specific public-private key pair was generated in the TEE and is bound to the first TLS endpoint; and signs the attestation data in the TEE using a TEE private key securely embedded in the processor. The device generates a TEE signature using an endpoint-specific private key of an endpoint-specific public-private key pair; and indicates of the attestation data, an endpoint-specific public key of the endpoint-specific public public-private key pair and the TEE signature to a second TLS endpoint within a TLS handshake message exchange between the first TLS endpoint and the second TLS endpoint.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a procedure progress database in which progress status and identification information of a relevant member are recorded for each of pieces of work; a team status evaluation unit which identifies a member requiring support on work in the monitoring and control within a team; an operation support content determination processing unit which determines, as support content, information on the possibility of substitution by a member having the operation authority for the work that the identified member is scheduled to perform; and a presentation information generation processing unit which selects a plurality of persons including the identified member as presentation targets of the determined support content, and generates presentation information in accordance with each of the selected persons.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for apparatus for synchronizing consensus node information in a blockchain network. The apparatus for synchronizing consensus node information includes one or more processors, and execution memory for storing at least one program that is executed by the one or more processors, wherein the at least one program is configured to receive a committed message for block consensus from the blockchain network and verify nodes participating in the block consensus, set a block number required to participate in the block consensus to a block size of a start block of a section corresponding to the block consensus, and broadcast consensus node information including the block number to the blockchain network.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating application program interface (API) invokers using a common application program interface framework (CAPIF) is provided. The method includes establishing by a CAPIF core function (CCF) a secure Transport Layers Security (TLS) connection with at least one API invoker, on receiving a connection request from the at least one API invoker to access at least one service API on a CAPIF-2e interface. Further, the method includes determining by the CCF at least one security method to be used by the at least one API invoker for a CAPIF-2e interface security (C2eIS) of the at least one API invoker for accessing the at least one service API on a CAPIF-2e interface. The method further includes enabling the C2eIS by an API exposing function (AEF) the at least one API invoker based on the determined at least one security method.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fault tolerant digital payments are disclosed. The system comprises a computing system that can automatically determine if payments should be processed using a digital payment processing system, or using a blockchain. When the system detects that communication with the digital payment processing system has been interrupted, the system may facilitate transactions through the blockchain. In particular, the system may receive private keys from mobile devices of customers, which can be used to make payments on the blockchain.

Abstract: A computer system obtains information describing a geographical area segmented into multiple first clusters serviced by a telecommunications network. Multiple test locations are identified within the first clusters. Each test location is located within a grid of the geographical area. Each first cluster is recursively segmented into multiple second clusters until a difference between a number of test locations within each second cluster and a target number of test locations is less than a threshold number of test locations. A route is generated connecting test locations within each second cluster, using a routing application programming interface for performing drive testing of the telecommunications network. The computer system sends the route to one or more computer devices for performing the drive testing at the test locations in a sequence corresponding to the route.

Abstract: Techniques are described, as implemented by computing devices, to control access to transactions through use of tokenized reputation scores. This is performed by leveraging a blockchain such that a tokenized reputation score is generated or calculated based on an amount of reputation tokens associated with a blockchain account address associated with a service provider account, and by making transactional functionality available to the service provider account based on a comparison of a tokenized reputation score affiliated with the service provider account with a threshold score associated with a transaction.

Abstract: System and methods for token based identity verification and consent management are provided. In one embodiment, a method for identity (ID) verification and consent management for on-behalf-of transactions comprises: receiving an authorization request for a principal user from a first user equipment (UE); generating a consent token for the principal user based on authentication information in the authorization request; adding the consent token to an authenticated user queue, wherein the authenticated user queue associates the consent token to the principal user; receiving a message from a second UE indicating a selection of the principal user; and initiate sending of the consent token from the authenticated user queue to the first UE in response to the selection. In some embodiments, the consent token indicates a permission level granted to the agent user for accessing a data profile associated with the principal user.

Abstract: Example embodiments of systems and methods for data transmission system between transmitting and receiving devices are provided. In an embodiment, each of the transmitting and receiving devices can contain a master key. The transmitting device can generate a diversified key using the master key, protect a counter value and encrypt data prior to transmitting to the receiving device, which can generate the diversified key based on the master key and can decrypt the data and validate the protected counter value using the diversified key. Example embodiments of systems and methods can be used to provide further authentication and added levels of security for transactions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for securing and adding sensitive information in a block chain are disclosed. One disclosed method includes receiving private user information, validating the private user information, generating a user block on a block chain, generating a private user key and an enterprise key, receiving a request from a user for a service, authenticating the private user key and enterprise key through consensus, hashing a block with service information, and linking the service block to the user block.

Abstract: The disclosed technology teaches an implementation for leveraging self-sovereign credentials held on mobile devices to provision credentials that empower one party (“recipient” or “user”, used synonymously herein) to obtain credentialed access to information and resources on behalf of another party (“sender” or “administrator”, used synonymously herein), without either party exposing private key information to each other or to the cloud. The sender is able to revoke user credentials at any time. Parties are able to leverage commodity hardware to automatically mutually authenticate their credentials and access available relevant options and workflows.

Abstract: A server comprises a communications module; a processor coupled with the communications module; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing processor-executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to send, via the communications module and to a remote computing device, a signal causing the remote computing device to display a unique code and a telephone number; monitor at least one instant messaging account associated with the telephone number for the unique code; after determining that the unique code has been received at the at least one instant messaging account associated with the displayed telephone number, determine that authentication for a particular account has been successful; and in response to determining that authentication for the particular account has been successful, initiate an authenticated session.

Abstract: According to an aspect there is provided an ambient commerce system. The ambient commerce system may include a sensor at an ambient commerce premises, a communication module, and a processor coupled to the sensor and the communication module. The ambient commerce system further includes a memory coupled to the processor. The memory stores processor-executable instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to: detect, based on an output of one or more of the sensors, an unauthenticated entity at an ambient commerce premises; receive, from a first independent trusted system and via the communication module, an indication that authentication has been performed by the first independent trusted system for the unauthenticated entity using a first authentication parameter; determine that the entity is an authenticated entity based on the indication that the authentication has been performed and at least a second authentication parameter; and perform an ambient commerce operation for the authenticated entity.

Abstract: Upgrading of a verifiable credential by a user interfacing with an upgrade control of a visualization of the verifiable credential. The upgradable verifiable credential includes an authorization claim specifying an authorization scope, and an enhancement claim specifying a condition for enhancing the specified authorization scope. A visualization of the upgradable verifiable credential is then display with the upgrade control to a user of a holder computing system that is the holder of the verifiable credential. Accordingly, if the user interacts with the upgrade control, the condition for upgrading the verifiable credential may be accomplished. The issuer of the authorization claim may then be notified of this. The issuer may then provide an ungraded verifiable credential that includes an authorization claim that includes more or a different authorization scope than the prior verifiable credential.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for transmitting and/or submitting digital content such as feedback for an entity to a blockchain is disclosed. This may be, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain. The method, which is implemented at a first node, includes: submitting, to the blockchain, a first transaction for committing a first quantity of tokens to transfer to a second node associated with the entity, the first transaction having a first output; generating a first content for submission to the blockchain; and submitting, to the blockchain, a second transaction that returns a second quantity of the committed first quantity of tokens to an address associated with the first node, the second transaction having the first output of the first transaction as an input, wherein the first content is used to unlock the first output of the first transaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for ensuring the security of a blockchain and associated network, and for enabling the establishment of consensus regarding the state of the blockchain. A method of the disclosure may be implemented by one or more nodes on a blockchain network, using a non-parallelisable algorithm to calculate an output based on a computational difficulty parameter, a hash of at least one blockchain transaction; and/or a hash of at least one blockchain block header. The non-parallelisable, inherently sequential algorithm comprises at least one of the following operations or a combination thereof: a recursive operation, a modular exponentiation and/or a repeated squaring operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to a digital certificate verification method and apparatus, a computer device, and a storage medium. The digital certificate verification method is performed by a authentication center, and include receiving a verification request for verifying a target digital certificate; obtaining a target transaction record corresponding to the target digital certificate from a blockchain, the target digital certificate being stored in the blockchain as a transaction resource; obtaining a target account type corresponding to the target transaction record, different account types corresponding to different certificate operation states; and determining a verification result corresponding to the target digital certificate according to the target account type.

Abstract: A zero knowledge proof purchase system and process using blockchain is disclosed. The system may comprise a customer device, a merchant system, an issuer system, and a blockchain network having a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) smart contract. The system may implement a zero-knowledge proof algorithm having a key generator function, a proof function, and a validate function. Each function may be configured to perform various tasks in the system to support and enable zero-knowledge proof purchases.

Abstract: Delegating issuance capability to a third-party of fungible digital assets involves a central (e.g., central bank) processor receiving a request to issue fungible digital assets from a third-party node; verifying the request; validating request to issue fungible digital assets from the third-party; approving or rejecting the request; if the request to issue fungible digital assets is approved, creating an issuance authorization message; executing a smart contract clause to add an entity of the third-party node to a list of authorized entities; publishing the issuance authorization message on a blockchain indicating that a third-party node has been added to the list of authorized entities; and publishing a revocation message on the blockchain revoking an authorization granted to the third-party node to issue digital assets.

Abstract: A method for facilitating a transaction may include generating, via a token server computer, a token for use by a first entity computer, wherein the token is generated in response to a request received from the first entity computer. The method may also include transmitting, via the token server computer, the token to the first entity computer, wherein the first entity computer transmits the token to a second entity computer. The method may also include receiving, at the token server computer and from the first entity computer, data indicative of the second entity computer successfully receiving the token. The data may include a hashed value derived from at least the token, data indicative of an identity of the second entity computer, and writing, by the token server computer, the data indicative of the second entity computer successfully receiving the token to a registry.

Abstract: Provided herein is a computer-implemented method, a system, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The system may be implemented using a blockchain network. The computer-implemented method includes: i) attaching a digital asset of a first entity to an exchange platform; ii) computing a first shared key associated with the digital asset using a key of the first entity and a first key of the exchange platform; iii) generating and broadcasting a first blockchain transaction to a blockchain network; and iv) initiating, by the first entity, transfer of ownership of the digital asset from a first entity to a second entity; v) computing a second key and a second shared key; vi) replacing the first key associated with the exchange platform with the second key associated with the exchange platform; and vii) detaching, by the second entity, the deposit from the exchange platform using the second shared key.

Abstract: Performing validation of road usage charging (RUC) systems is provided. A hardware processor of a vehicle receives, from an HMI of the vehicle, input to enter into a testing mode in which a test of RUC functionality of the vehicle is to be performed. In the testing mode, RUC charges are computed for a route from a start location to an end location, based on map and fees information for the test. One or more reports of the charges are generated for verification of the RUC functionality, the charges being verifiable based on the route and the map and fees information being defined for the test.

Abstract: A method enabling recovery of a terminated client-to-cloud processing sessions includes writing at least some data of cloud-based processing session between a cloud based server and a client device to the client device. Responsive to satisfaction of a session termination condition, the stored data is encrypted such that it can be recovered using suitable decryption techniques when the client-to-cloud-connection is subsequently re-established.

Abstract: A client comprising an application for secure payment transactions is provided. The application runs on a personal mobile communication device and the client accesses a service provided by a server, which includes a payment gateway. Various security measures are included in the client-server communication related to executing payment transactions in a secure environment.

Abstract: A management server includes: a reception section that receives, from a second user terminal, a rental request for use of a battery; and an incentive management section that, when a first battery or a second battery is rented to a second user, gives an incentive, according to return of the battery from the second user, wherein the incentive management section gives a first incentive to the second user when the second user returns the first battery to a first user, and gives a second incentive to the second user when the second user returns the second battery to the first user or when the second user returns the first battery to a place of return that is different from the first user, and the first incentive is an incentive having a higher value than the second incentive.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to overlaying relevant product information in augmented reality via the use of near-field communication (NFC) and a product selection system. A user may authenticate into an application or user profile. Information about the user in the user profile may be used to determine which products are relevant to the user. Information related to the relevant products may then be displayed to the user in augmented reality, which improves at least the overall shopping and in-store experience.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method performed by a user device is provided. The computer-implemented method includes receiving a message including an encrypted credential from a server computer; determining a response shared secret using a private key and a server public key; decrypting the encrypted credential using the response shared secret to determine a credential; obtaining a key derivation parameter from the credential; determining a first cryptogram key using the key derivation parameter; generating a first cryptogram using the first cryptogram key; and sending the first cryptogram to a second computer.

Abstract: A method of operating a distributed peer to peer analytics system of a permissioned distributed ledger is provided. The system includes a plurality of node computing devices in operable communication with each other over an electronic network. The method includes capturing, by a merchant computing device, sales data from a payment transaction, storing the captured sales data in a database of a first node, compiling within the first node the stored sales data into a transaction envelope, encrypting the transaction envelope with a private key of the first node, submitting, by the first node, the encrypted envelope to the permissioned distributed ledger, verifying, by a second node, the submitted encrypted envelope and adding the compiled sales data to a data block, committing, by the second node, the data block to the distributed ledger, and validating, by a consensus of the plurality of node computing devices, the committed data block.

Abstract: The invention advantageously provides a system for the verification a user's identity and qualifications and authentication of credentials associated with a user's digital identity on a trust network (where service providers involved in a transaction may be independent parties operating with limited trust), in which a pseudonymized transaction record may be created for that digital identity and stored in a shared ledger; identifying information for a user may be retained in a custodial escrow account for that user; and transactions may be re-correlated with identifying information for authorized third parties under established “due process” rules that are appropriate for the applicable jurisdiction(s).

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for enforcing digital signature on a token useable by a network-addressable device to invoke service calls on services of a service provider. A device platform service of the service provider may receive service calls from the network-addressable device and cause one or more operations to be performed by other services of the service provider in response to receiving a notification that the request is authentic. An authentication service analyses a fingerprint associated with a request submitted by the device and determines whether it is a match to a fingerprint generated from cryptographic authentication information provided by the user in connection with registering the network-addressable device.

Abstract: A method includes generating, by a user device, an initial authorization request message for an interaction to obtain a resource from a resource provider. The user device transmits the initial authorization request message to a first node in a proxy network, wherein the first node processes the initial authorization request message and transmits a routing message to a second node in the proxy network based on the processing of the initial authorization request message, the second node being previously associated with the resource provider. The user device then receives from the second node and stores a pre-authorization approval indicator (PAAI). Upon delivery of the resource by an agent of the resource provider, the user device transmits an authorization request message including the pre-authorization approval indicator, wherein the agent device further processes and transmits the authorization request message to the proxy network for authorization by an authorizing entity.

Abstract: An information exchange tracking system includes a server including processing circuitry configured to track an information exchange transaction, identify contributors in the information exchange transaction, determine a level of contribution of each contributor, the level of contribution being secured by a blockchain, and award each contributor based on their level of contribution. Accordingly, collaborative processes of co-creation are securely recorded using the blockchain and can be used to monitor the collective dynamics of the whole creative process while giving proper credits to all the relevant actors according to their specific contributions.

Abstract: A method and system are provided to support a decentralized distributed ledger in which transactions are recorded by parties to the transactions without the use of a blockchain. A distributed ledger system provides a protocol framework that supports the development of protocol flows. A protocol flow is computer code that controls the performance of a transaction by the party or parties to the transaction. Protocol flows can be developed for different types of transactions. The distributed ledger system allows transactions to be proposed, accepted, and notarized by a notary and stored without the use of a blockchain ledger. The distributed ledger system can avoid the expense of the computational and storage resources needed to redundantly verify a transaction and store evidence on the many nodes of a blockchain distributed ledger.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data display method and apparatus, a terminal device, and a storage medium. The method includes: transmitting, by a terminal device, a transaction note request of a target user to a server; receiving a transaction note file fed back by the server, the transaction note file being generated by the server based on transaction note data after the server performs an identity authentication on the target user based on the transaction note request and searches a predetermined security domain database for the transaction note data in response to a successful identity authentication; and displaying transaction note data in the transaction note file.

Abstract: Systems and methods for novel uses and/or improvements to blockchains and blockchain technology. As one example, systems and methods are described herein for self-validating digital records that may be transferred in real-time through a cross-network registry. For example, in a conventional system, minting a token (e.g., a digital record) involves writing a self-executing program that defines the transfer rules of the digital record. Once the self-executing program is written, it is deployed on a blockchain, and the digital record is minted by publishing it to a blockchain.

Abstract: A method for authenticating at least one piece of data during a payment transaction taking place between a merchant's communications terminal and a user device of the type including transmission, by the communications terminal, of at least one piece of data to be signed, to the user device by using a near field communications wireless data link. The method includes: obtaining the piece of data to be signed; obtaining an identifier of the communications terminal; signing, within a secured processing unit of the communications terminal, by using a key of the communications terminal, the piece of data to be signed and the identifier of the communications terminal, delivering signed pieces of data; transmission of the signed pieces of data to the user device; and reception, from the user device, of a piece of encrypted data establishing the authentication of the signed pieces of data.

Abstract: Described in detail herein is a system for determining the validity of a transaction in a distributed network environment. The system includes a plurality of peer servers. The system elects a set of peer leaders from the plurality of peer servers. The set of peer leaders broadcast a first set of indices associated with a first subset of transactions, received from the plurality of peer servers, to one or more of the plurality of peer servers. The set of elected peer leaders execute a first instance of a binary agreement protocol based at least in part on a second subset of indices associated with a second subset of the transactions. The set of elected peer leaders output a consensus vector comprising one or more of the transactions.