Abstract: Provided is a method for matching orders of digital assets. The method comprises: receiving a plurality orders of digital asset from a plurality addresses on a distributed ledger, wherein each of the orders comprises a digital signature of the address, an authorizing public key, and an authorizing private key.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer program products for providing transaction-consistent snapshots of data stored in or associated with a database. An embodiment operates by receiving, at a source database, an update request to update data associated with a table stored at the source database, and modifying a value of a modification-in-progress data structure corresponding to the table to indicate that a modification is in progress for the table. The embodiment includes updating a value of a commit identification counter and a table time stamp associated with the table to indicate that cached data having a time stamp older than the updated time stamp are invalid. The embodiment further includes modifying the value of the modification-in-progress counter to indicate completion of table modification.

Abstract: An example system includes a processor to crawl a plurality of web pages of a web application to be tested. The processor is also configured to receive an intercepted input to the web application and an output from a web application associated with each crawled web page. The processor is to further configured to detect testable elements in the intercepted input and the output. The processor is also configured to generate a fingerprint for each web page based on the detected testable elements. The processor is also configured to generate a list of clusters comprising one or more similar web pages based on the fingerprints. The processor is configured to test a single web page from each cluster.

Abstract: A storage system maintains copies of a source database to allow virtual databases to be provisioned. Transaction logs received from the source database are applied to database blocks stored in the storage system to update the database blocks. The storage system checks if there are defect in the transaction logs of the source database. If a defect in transaction logs is detected, the storage system obtains a latest copy of the source database. The storage system matches database blocks of the received copy with database blocks already available in the storage system to determine whether a corresponding database block is already available in the storage system. If a received database block is different from database blocks already available at the storage system, the received database block is stored in the storage system. The database blocks may be matched using a hash value of the database blocks.

Abstract: A method is provided of using a set of servers to provide deferential services that have a pre-negotiated time for notice to release the servers. The method includes defining a virtual checkpoint frame interval that is constrained to a duration of up to half of the pre-negotiated time for notice to release the servers. The method includes collecting packets and transactions occurring during the interval that are processed by a current server. The method includes, responsive to an end of the interval, (i) writing, to a shared state database, a state of processing of the packets and transactions occurring during the interval, and (ii) releasing the packets and transactions occurring during the interval. The method includes copying the packets and transactions occurring during the interval, and the state, from the current server to another server for subsequent processing, responsive to an indication of an instance loss on the current server.

Abstract: A plurality of storage nodes within a single chassis is provided. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to communicate together as a storage cluster. The plurality of storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage for user data storage. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata associated with the user data throughout the plurality of storage nodes, with erasure coding of the user data. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to recover from failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes by applying the erasure coding to the user data from a remainder of the plurality of storage nodes. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to detect an error and engage in an error recovery via one of a processor of one of the plurality of storage nodes, a processor of the non-volatile solid state storage, or the flash memory.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing transactions between blockchains including receiving a first plurality of transactions on a first private blockchain network, recording the first plurality of transactions to a first private block on the first private blockchain network, receiving a second plurality of transactions on the first private blockchain network, recording the second plurality of transactions to a second private block on the first private blockchain network, generating a first merged block comprising the first and second private blocks, recording the first merged block to a single block on a second blockchain network, recording each of the first and second private blocks and the first merged block to a smart contract linked to the first private blockchain network, defining a first private smart contract, and performing a synchronization process between the first private smart contract and a second smart contract linked to the second blockchain network, defining a second smart contract.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for targeted authentication queries based on detected user actions. A user may perform various actions during a day, including online, electronic, or digital actions, such as social networking, messaging, and media consumption, as well as real-life actions, such as exercise, travel, and purchases. The actions may be used to determine a user history for the user by a service provider. When the user wishes to login to an account or otherwise authenticate the identity of the user, the user may provide login or authentication credentials. The credentials may be used to look up the user history and cause the service provider to generate an authentication query for the user based on events associated with the user in the user history. The query may be utilized to further authenticate the user by requiring the user to respond with the event associated with the user.

Abstract: An application execution method for improving the operation speed of the application in executing or in the middle of running the application is provided. The application execution method includes detecting a launch of an application, preloading Input/Outputs (I/Os) requested at the launch based on profile data with I/Os requested at a previous launch of the application, and updating the profile data based on at least one of the I/Os requested at current and previous launches of the application.

Abstract: An approach for dynamically providing a prioritized list of relevant cases includes a computer generating a set of tags for a case and retrieving a set of tags for completed cases. The approach includes the computer sorting the set of tags for the case and the set of tags for the completed cases into a set of tag types. The approach includes the computer determining a set of matching tags for each of the set of tag types between the case and completed cases. Furthermore, the approach includes the computer determining an ordered list of the completed cases. The ordered list is based, at least in part, on a number of matching tags in the set of matching tags corresponding to the completed case in the completed cases, and a number of matching tags in the set of matching tags in a tag type in the set of tag types.

Abstract: The disclosed computer-implemented method for provisioning distributed datasets may include (1) identifying a dataset, where a production cluster stores a primary instance of the dataset by distributing data objects within the dataset across the production cluster according to a first partitioning scheme, (2) receiving a request for a testing instance of the dataset on a testing cluster, where the testing cluster is to distribute storage of data objects across the testing cluster according to a second partitioning scheme, (3) locating a copied instance of the dataset, (4) partitioning the copied instance of the dataset according to the second partitioning scheme, thereby generating a plurality of partitions, and (5) providing the testing instance of the dataset by providing storage access for each node within the testing cluster to a corresponding partition within the plurality of partitions. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer implemented method, system, and computer program product comprising splitting IO directed to a LUN on a production site to a first thin LUN, determining to take a snapshot of the LUN at a point in time, reconfiguring the IO split from the LUN on the production site to be split to a second thin LUN, and copying changes from the first thin LUN to a protection storage device.

Abstract: A forking coordinator of a journal-based multi-data-store database determines that a forking criterion for a first journal has been met. The coordinator stores an indication that processing of transaction requests directed to a particular subset of the database is suspended. The coordinator instantiates a second journal for storing committed transaction entries for the particular subset. Metadata of the second journal indicates that transaction entries with sequence numbers in a particular range are stored in the first journal. The coordinator stores an indication that transaction processing associated with the particular subset of the system is to be resumed using the second journal.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide systems and methods for synchronizing a production volume and a backup volume of a storage system. A first thin volume is created and associated with the production volume. A first replica of the production volume is generated by copying data from the production volume to a replica volume. During the copying, an I/O request to be written to the production volume may be received. Data from the I/O request is written to the first thin volume and data changed due to the I/O request is tracked in metadata associated with the production volume and the first thin volume. A size of the first thin volume is checked, and when the size of the first thin volume is below a threshold, changes from the first thin volume are applied asynchronously to the backup storage.

Abstract: The present approach improves the query performance of a database in a manner that is transparent to a user. In one aspect, this approach creates separate partition tables that are not directly accessible to a user of the database. A client-facing aspect of the database is a logical model which may correspond to a single, main table with which the user interacts. Thus, queries or operations may be generated on the client side in the context of the logical model. A database or query layer can then, transparent to the user, translate the user generated requests into query language that addresses the proper partitions to generate a result set or otherwise perform a database operation.

Abstract: A method for handling of open transactions in a data replication environment. The method includes querying one or more tables of a source database to determine a first open transaction associated with the one or more tables of the source database. The method further includes determining a database user that initiated the first open transaction. The method further includes querying one or more tables of the target database corresponding to the one or more tables of the source database associated with the first open transaction, to determine whether the database user has access privileges for the one or more tables of the target database and dynamically skipping replication of the first open transaction to the target database, such that the data replication system no longer waits for the first open transaction to complete.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media for re-associating content items of a user account of a content management system on a computing device relinked to the content management system. The systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media can include the content management system receiving a request to relink the computing device with a user account of the content management system. The systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media can also include determining a local content item of the client device corresponds to at least one revision of a plurality of revisions of a content item of the user account, wherein the content item is currently removed from the user account. Finally, the systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media can cause the client device to delete the local content item.

Abstract: A storage system comprises a production site in operable communication with a replication site, and an object store, comprising a plurality of data objects associated with data stored in at least one data storage entity of the production site, disposed at the replication site. The replication site is configured to generate a virtual access point in time (PIT) based at least in part on the plurality of data objects, by providing a plurality of nodes in operable communication with the storage system, where each respective node is configured to, substantially concurrently, perform a MapReduce operation to generate a respective first set of disk objects based on the plurality of data objects, and to create a respective set of metadata objects. The first set of disk objects and the first set of metadata objects are merged together into a virtual access PIT from each of the plurality of parallel nodes.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing transactions between blockchains comprising receiving first and second pluralities of transactions on a first private blockchain network and recording them to first and second private blocks on the first private blockchain network, respectively, generating a first merged block comprising the first private block and the second private block and recording the first merged block to a single block on a second blockchain network, recording each of the first and second private blocks and the first merged block to a first private smart contract linked to the first private blockchain network, performing a synchronization process between the first private smart contract and a second smart contract linked to the second blockchain network, defining a second smart contract, and performing a checkpointing process between the first private smart contract and the second smart contract. The first private blockchain network has a parameter difference from the second blockchain network.

Abstract: Large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured log data generated by software and infrastructure components of a computing system are processed to identify anomalies and potential problems within the computing system. Stored log messages may be queried and analyzed according to dynamic fields constructed from the content of the log messages. As time goes on, the dynamic fields may be converted into static fields which are extracted and indexed at the time of ingestion of the log messages.

Abstract: Passive monitoring of a large-scale network using multiple tiers of ordinary network switches, as opposed to purpose-built network monitoring hardware, is accomplished by initially providing network communications to an initial tier of monitoring switches, either from existing switches that copy frames and provide them to the monitoring switches, or from network taps to which the monitoring switches are connected. The initial tier of monitoring switches comprises flow tables that initially simply drop all frames provided to those switches and, subsequently, when specific network issues arise, they are modified to include a specification particular frame criteria whose frames are either forwarded to subsequent tiers of monitoring switches, or statistics regarding those frames are collected. Subsequent tiers of monitoring switches receive frames from the initial tier and direct them to one or more appropriate analysis computing devices.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for adaptive data replication. A first data object is stored. One or more first network characteristics of a communication network are detected. A first replication mode is triggered (e.g., a single-master replication mode) based on the one or more first network characteristics of the communication network. The single-master replication may be configured to facilitate real-time synchronizations (e.g., for critical updates). One or more second network characteristics of the communication network are detected. A second replication mode (e.g., a multi-master replication mode) is triggered based on the one or more second network characteristics. The second replication may be configured to facilitate a delayed synchronization (e.g., for non-critical updates) of the first data object and the second data object using the second update file.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer program products for keeping multiple caches updated, or coherent, on multiple servers when the multiple caches contain independent copies of cached data. Example methods may include receiving a request to write data to a block of a first cache associated with a first server in a clustered server environment. The methods may also include identifying a second cache storing a copy of the block, where the second cache is associated with a second server in the clustered environment. The methods may further include transmitting a request to update the second cache with the received write data, and upon receiving a subsequent request to write subsequent data, identifying a third cache for invalidating based on access patterns of the blocks, where the third cache is associated with a third server in the clustered environment.

Abstract: Local distributed backup techniques are described, where each client device calculates a manifest of its files and sends the manifest to a central server. The server performs deduplication based on the received manifest to determine which files are missing and need to be backed up, and notifies the client of those files. At this point, instead of uploading the missing files to the central server, the files are instead uploaded to another peer client device that has sufficient disk space and resides in the network vicinity of the original client device. The upload may be done to multiple peers for redundancy. Upon backup completion, the client state may be left as-is, in which case the client periodically uploads incremental updates to keep any changes synchronized with the backup peer. Alternatively, the client can be centralized to the central server, but at a later time when more resources are available.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a system and method for supporting RESTful management in an application server environment for operating application software includes an interface configured to receive input for interacting with the application server environment. When a request to manage the application server environment is received, REST resources are dynamically generated using bean trees and other bean information within the application server environment. The REST resources are then usable as input to the interface to manage the application server environment.

Abstract: Disclosed aspects relate to data management for a mass storage device. The mass storage device may be structured to include an encrypted file system to store a set of data and a token analyzer to manage access to the encrypted file system. A connection between the mass storage device and a computing device may be sensed. In response to sensing the connection, a token corresponding with the computing device may be detected. Based on the token, the token analyzer may determine to provide the computing device a set of selected permissions to the encrypted file system. The set of selected permissions to the encrypted file system may be provided by the mass storage device to the computing device.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a method for processing input data comprises creating a MapReducer object corresponding to a MapReduce environment; and receiving, by a MapReduce interface, a plurality of input parameters comprising the input data; a mapper function; a reducer function; and the MapReducer object; and using the MapReduce interface to process the input data by one or more processors in the MapReduce environment using the mapper function and the reducer function. According to some embodiments, the method further comprises creating a second MapReducer object, wherein the second MapReducer object corresponds to a second MapReduce environment; receiving, by the MapReduce interface, the second MapReducer object in place of the first MapReducer object; and utilizing the MapReduce interface to process the input data by the one or more processors in the second MapReduce environment using the mapper function and the reducer function.

Abstract: A non-transitory readable storage medium storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to perform a method of managing content and associated metadata in a network by a cache repository. The method comprises receiving content and associated data from a content source located in a local network of an edge facility; storing the content in the cache repository located in the local network of the edge facility; sending the content to an active repository remote from the local network of the edge facility for storage; and determining if a connection to the remote repository can be established in the network. If the connection to the active repository can be established, the method includes retrieving by the cache repository the content from the active repository; and if the connection to the active repository cannot be established, the method retrieves the content from the backup repository.

Abstract: The valet parking and paging system is a wireless signaling apparatus that facilitates communication between a valet parking station and a client of the valet parking station. Specifically, the valet parking and paging system is a wireless signaling apparatus that exchanges status information between the valet parking station and a client. The valet parking and paging system comprises a plurality of valet units, a plurality of client units, and a base stations. The plurality of valet units comprises a collection of individual valet units. The plurality of client units comprises a collection of individual client units. Each individual valet unit selected from the plurality of valet units plugs into and is electrically connected to a location selected from the group consisting of the base station or an individual client unit selected from the plurality of client units.

Abstract: As provided herein, a first device may be registered as authorized to authenticate a user login into a service from a second device (e.g., a smart phone may be used to log the user into a webmail service on a computer without the user having to enter a password through the computer). Responsive to the user attempting to access the service through the second device, a login interface may be displayed on the first device. The user may confirm or deny that the user wants to log into the service on the second device, thus allowing the user to seamlessly log into the service on the second device (e.g., without entering a password) while mitigating unauthorized logins into the service from unknown devices. Further, the user may use the first device to delegate the authority to authenticate the user login into the service to one or more other devices.

Abstract: A field device includes a detector and a converter communicative to the detector. The detector also may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a first processor. The sensor may be configured to acquire an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the analog measurement signal to a digital signal. The first processor may be configured to convert the digital signal into a measurement value to generate a digital signal representing at least the measurement value. The converter may be configured to convert the digital signal representing at least the measurement value into an instrumentation signal to output the instrumentation signal. The detector may be configured to transmit the digital signal representing at least the measurement value and the analog measurement signal to the converter.

Abstract: An application execution method for improving the operation speed of the application in executing or in the middle of running the application is provided. The application execution method includes detecting a launch of an application, preloading Input/Outputs (I/Os) requested at the launch based on profile data with I/Os requested at a previous launch of the application, and updating the profile data based on at least one of the I/Os requested at current and previous launches of the application.

Abstract: In response to detecting data file creation/revision in a first computing device, one or more other computing devices in which the data file creation/revision is to be synchronized are identified and a user of the first computing device is prompted to specify a message to be communicated to the one or more other computing devices in association with the data file creation/revision. The message specified by the user of the first computing device is received and communicated to the one or more other computing devices together with information that enables the data file creation/revision to be synchronized within the one or more other computing devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for collecting, merging, and presenting content is disclosed. The method includes collecting a plurality of selected content from a plurality of different content sources. The method further involves storing the selected content in a temporary file. Additionally, the method involves merging the collected content into a cohesive document.

Abstract: Techniques for file system recovery are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method for file system recovery comprising starting a recovery process for a failed node, utilizing the recovery process to read one or more committed but un-applied transactions from storage associated with the failed node, and recreating the one or more committed but un-applied transactions in memory associated with the recovery process.

Abstract: A mutable multilevel data structure representing a graph structure may include multiple read-only levels and a single writable level. Each read-only level may include a vertex table (with references to edge tables on the same level or a different level containing elements of adjacency lists for some vertices) and an edge table (with elements of adjacency lists that changed since the previous read-only level). A hybrid variant may switch between a performance-optimized variant (whose edge tables include complete adjacency lists for vertices whose edge sets were modified) and a space-optimized variant (whose edge tables include only newly added adjacency list elements). The vertex tables and/or the writable level may be implemented using copy-on-write arrays, each including an indirection table and multiple fixed-sized data pages. Computations may be run on the read-only levels or on the writable level and read-only levels.

Abstract: It is provided a computer system, comprising a plurality of computers configured to execute processing in response to requests received from a plurality of external systems. The plurality of computers each share an acceptance weight statistic value calculated by each of the plurality of computers with another computer within the same network segment. The processor of each of the plurality of computers is configured to: receive a broadcast transmitted from one of the plurality of external systems to the same network segment; determine whether to respond to the received broadcast by referring to the shared acceptance weight statistic value; and send a response to the one of the plurality of external systems that has transmitted the broadcast in order to allow the one of the plurality of external systems to transmit a processing request in a case where it is determined to respond to the received broadcast.

Abstract: A method for avoiding conflicts in a multi-master database cluster is provided. A set of hot spots is identified in the database cluster. When a given node receives a given transaction, the given node selects one or more hot-spot servicing nodes for one or more hot-spot sub-transactions, namely one or more sub-transactions of the given transaction that correspond to one or more hot spots of the set of hot spots. Subsequently, the given node redirects the hot-spot sub-transactions to their respective hot-spot servicing nodes. The hot-spot sub-transactions are then executed at their respective hot-spot servicing nodes.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for managing data within a plurality of data management architectures comprises at least one processor. The system persists an entity managed by a first data management architecture to a second data management architecture. The first data management architecture manages entity data within one or more data sources, while the second data management architecture manages persisted entities with data from the one or more data sources within a common repository. A modification to data of the persisted entity is detected within the one or more data sources, and the modified data is synchronized with the persisted entity in the repository of the second data management architecture. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for managing data within a plurality of data management architectures in substantially the same manner described above.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for managing data within a plurality of data management architectures comprises at least one processor. The system persists an entity managed by a first data management architecture to a second data management architecture. The first data management architecture manages entity data within one or more data sources, while the second data management architecture manages persisted entities with data from the one or more data sources within a common repository. A modification to data of the persisted entity is detected within the one or more data sources, and the modified data is synchronized with the persisted entity in the repository of the second data management architecture. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for managing data within a plurality of data management architectures in substantially the same manner described above.

Abstract: Content platform management is enhanced by logically partitioning a physical cluster that comprises a redundant array of independent nodes. Using an interface, an administrator defines one or more “tenants” within the archive cluster, wherein a tenant has a set of attributes including, for example, namespaces, administrative accounts, data access accounts, and a permission mask. A namespace is a logical partition of the cluster that serves as a collection of objects typically associated with at least one defined application. Each namespace has a private file system such that access to one namespace (and its associated objects) does not enable a user to access objects in another namespace. A namespace has capabilities (e.g., read, write, delete, purge, and the like) that a namespace administrator can choose to enable or disable for a given data account.

Abstract: A map-reduce compatible distributed file system that consists of successive component layers that each provide the basis on which the next layer is built provides transactional read-write-update semantics with file chunk replication and huge file-create rates. A primitive storage layer (storage pools) knits together raw block stores and provides a storage mechanism for containers and transaction logs. Storage pools are manipulated by individual file servers. Containers provide the fundamental basis for data replication, relocation, and transactional updates. A container location database allows containers to be found among all file servers, as well as defining precedence among replicas of containers to organize transactional updates of container contents. Volumes facilitate control of data placement, creation of snapshots and mirrors, and retention of a variety of control and policy information.

Abstract: A system that implements a data storage service may store data for database tables in multiple replicated partitions on respective storage nodes. In response to a request to back up a table, the service may export individual partitions of the table from the database and package them to be independently uploaded (e.g., in parallel) to a remote storage system (e.g., a key-value durable storage system). Prior to uploading the exported and packaged partitions to the remote storage system, the service may verify that the exported and packaged partitions can be subsequently restored, which may include unpackaging and/or re-inflating the exported and packaged partitions to create additional unpackaged copies of the partitions, re-importing the additional unpackaged copies of the partitions into the database (e.g., as additional replicas), and/or comparing checksums generated for the exported partitions with checksums generated for the additional unpackaged copies of the partitions.

Abstract: A migration framework includes a migration status data store that stores the migration status of a variety of different databases that are being migrated. A migration manager monitors the migration status of the different databases and invokes migration scripts to perform migration steps on the various databases, based upon their migration status. As the migration steps are completed, a status update component updates the migration status of the various databases that are being migrated.

Abstract: A system facilitates the distribution and redistribution of chunks of data among multiple servers. The system may identify servers to store a replica of the data based on at least one of utilization of the servers, prior data distribution involving the servers, and failure correlation properties associated with the servers, and place the replicas of the data at the identified servers. The system may also monitor total numbers of replicas of the chunks available in the system, identify chunks that have a total number of replicas below one or more chunk thresholds, assign priorities to the identified chunks, and re-replicate the identified chunks based substantially on the assigned priorities.

Abstract: A list of classes found in a core dump file is determined. One or more classes requested by a classloader is also determined. A set of one or more classes requested by the classloader that are found in the core dump file is then determined.

Abstract: A virtualized computing system for executing a distributed computing application, such as Hadoop, is discussed. The virtualized computing system stores data in a distributed filesystem, such as Hadoop Distributed File System, and processes data using a topology awareness that takes into account the virtualization layer of the virtualized computing system. The virtualized computing system employs locality-related policies, including replica placement policies, replica choosing policies, balancer policies, and task scheduling policies that take advantage of the awareness of the virtualization topology.

Abstract: It is provided a computer system, comprising a server and first and second storage systems. The first storage system stores deduplicated data sharing at least a part of data with other data, shared data shared by a plurality of pieces of the deduplicated data, and first type data representing a type of the stored data including the deduplicated data and the shared data. The deduplicated data is associated with the shared data by a pointer to the shared data, and includes differential data indicating a difference from the shared data. The server creates second type data representing a type of the data stored in the second storage system from the first type data. The second storage system stores the shared data associated with the deduplicate data at a reading position before a position at which the deduplicated data is read in sequential reading and stores the second type data.

Abstract: A distributed database system may implement log-structured distributed storage using a single log sequence number space. A log for a data volume may be maintained in a log-structured distributed storage system. The log may be segmented across multiple protection groups according to a partitioning of user data for the data volume. Updates to the log may be assigned a log sequence number from a log sequence number space for the data volume. A protection group may be determined for an update according to which partition of user data space the update pertains. Metadata to be included with the log record may indicate a previous log sequence number of a log record maintained at the protection group. The log record may be sent to the protection group and identified as committed based on acknowledgments received from storage nodes implementing the protection group.

Abstract: A method of managing content in a network by a cache repository that includes receiving content from a content source; storing the content in the cache repository; sending the content to a remote repository for storage; and determining if a connection to the remote repository can be established in the network. If the connection to the remote repository can be established, the method includes retrieving the content from the remote repository; and if the connection to the remote repository cannot be established, the method retrieves the content from a backup repository.