Abstract: Real time cognitive reasoning using a circuit with varying confidence level alerts including receiving a first set of data results and a second set of data results; transferring a first unit of charge from a first charge capacitor on the A-B circuit to a collection capacitor on the A-B circuit for each of the first set of data results that indicates a positive data point; transferring a second unit of charge from a second charge capacitor to the collection capacitor for each of the second set of data results that indicates a positive data point; and triggering a first sense amp on the A-B circuit if the charge on the collection capacitor exceeds a first charge threshold, indicating that the positive data points in the first set of data results is greater than the positive data points in the second set of data results to a first statistical significance with a first confidence level.

Abstract: Real time cognitive reasoning using a circuit with varying confidence level alerts including receiving a first set of data results and a second set of data results; transferring a first unit of charge from a first charge capacitor on the A-B circuit to a collection capacitor on the A-B circuit for each of the first set of data results that indicates a positive data point; transferring a second unit of charge from a second charge capacitor to the collection capacitor for each of the second set of data results that indicates a positive data point; and triggering a first sense amp on the A-B circuit if the charge on the collection capacitor exceeds a first charge threshold, indicating that the positive data points in the first set of data results is greater than the positive data points in the second set of data results to a first statistical significance with a first confidence level.

Abstract: The inventive disclosures described herein pertain to an improved physical analog computer that features the ability to evaluate arbitrary non-linear functions using an interpolation method based on Chebyshev polynomials. What has been developed is an improved method for non-linear-function generation in hybrid computing that relies on Chebyshev interpolation. The method requires an initial computation of the interpolation coefficients, which is to be carried out in the digital domain. These coefficients, along with the domain of definition of the non-linear function to be generated, are used during the programming of the analog domain to set multiplier and summer elements.

Abstract: A method includes accepting an analog input signal that includes a sequence of pulses. The analog input signal is filtered so as to produce a filter output, using a filter whose time-domain response is confined to a finite time period and whose frequency-domain response is non-zero at a finite set of integer multiples of a frequency shift ??, and is zero at all other integer multiples of ??. The filter output is sampled so as to produce digital samples. Respective amplitudes and time positions of the pulses in the sequence are calculated based on the digital samples.

Abstract: It is made possible to conduct inner defect inspection using spatial discrete data such as X-ray CT data with higher precision. An inner defect inspection method for inspecting inner defects in an object on the basis of spatial discrete data which describe spatial shape and structure of the object by using spatial elements includes the steps of: extracting an inner defect from the spatial discrete data by using an inner defect extraction unit, collecting the elements included in a neighborhood range, which is set with a predetermined spread around the inner defect extracted by the inner defect extraction unit, as related elements by using a related element collection unit; and measuring feature quantities such as a size and a position of center of gravity of the inner defect on the basis of the related elements collected by the related element collection unit, by using a feature quantity measurement unit.

Abstract: A signal processing device includes a converting unit, a filtering unit, a differential computing unit, and a phase difference computing unit. The converting unit samples two alternating signals with a predetermined period and converts the sampled level values into digital alternating signal data. The filtering unit filters the two digital alternating signal data generated by the converting unit so as to abstract digital alternating signal data having a predetermined frequency, and the filtering unit comprises an adaptive digital filter. The differential computing unit computes differentials of the digital alternating signal data generated by the filtering unit. The phase difference computing unit computes phase difference using the two digital alternating signal data generated by the filtering unit, and the two digital alternating signal data generated by the differential computing unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for calculating the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) between a source block and a reconstructed block of image or video data encoding according to an encoding scheme such as H.264/AVC. In a preferred embodiment, the method computes the SSD by finding the SSD between coefficients of an integer transformed residual block and the corresponding inverse-quantized coefficients. Preferably the inverse quantized coefficients are found with the aid of a look up table. This method may save computing time and processing power compared to calculating the SSD directly from the source and reconstructed blocks. The SSD is related to the distortion caused by encoding and the method may be used in calculating the rate-distortion of a particular encoding mode. One embodiment of the invention encodes a block of data by selecting the encoding mode with the least rate-distortion.

Abstract: A device suitable for determining arc-tangent of an angle .theta. is provided. Circuitry generates a first square wave at a frequency .omega.t and a second square wave at the frequency .omega.t but shifted by a phase difference equal to the angle .theta.. A pulse width modulation signal generator processes the first and second square waves to generate a pulse width modulation signal having a frequency of .omega.t and having a pulse width that is a function of the phase difference .theta.. The pulse width modulation signal is converted to a DC voltage that is a linear representation of the phase difference .theta..

Abstract: The circuit arrangement for determining an angle (.alpha.) from analog signals (C,S) proportional to the sine and cosine of the angle (.alpha.) to be determined includesa circuit device for multiplying an analog signal (S) with a digital value (Cs) for obtaining a first product value (S*Cs), the digital value (Cs) being proportional to the cosine of an estimated angle value (.alpha..sub.s) for the angle (.alpha.) to be determined;a circuit device for multiplying another analog signal (C) with another digital value (Ss) to obtain a second product value (C*Ss), the another digital value (Ss) being proportional to the sine of the estimated angle value (.alpha..sub.s) for the angle (.alpha.) to be determined;a circuit device for adding the first and second product values (S*Cs; C*Ss) to obtain a sum value (Su);a circuit device for equalizing proportionality factors of the one and/or the other digital value (Ss; Cs) so that the sum value (Su) formed is proportional to sin (.alpha.-.alpha..sub.