Abstract: A method of composing a concentrated liquid fertilizer for growing and repairing unhealthy plants.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for the recovery or the removal of the so-called “Minor Elements” consisting of iron, aluminum and magnesium (expressed as oxides), from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods of the invention allows for the reduction of these Minor Elements with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizer products such as world-class diammonium phosphate (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, superphosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products. Further, use of the invention would allow the use of lower grade phosphate rock or ore, which would greatly expand the potential phosphate rock reserve base for phosphate mining activities, and allow for better overall utilization of resources from a given developed mine site.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes for treating biosolids that result in high-value, nitrogen-containing, slow-release, organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that are competitive with less valuable or more costly conventional commercially manufactured fertilizers. The process involves conditioning traditional waste-water biosolids and processing the conditioned biosolids continuously in a high throughput manufacturing facility. The exothermic design and closed loop control of the primary reaction vessel decreases significantly the amount of power necessary to run a manufacturing facility. The process utilizes green technologies to facilitate decreased waste and enhanced air quality standards over traditional processing plants. The fertilizer produced from recovered biosolid waste is safe and meets or exceeds the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) Class A and Exceptional Quality standards and is not subject to restrictions or regulations.

Abstract: A composition to enhance efficiency of Photosynthesis and thereby increase agriculture/horticulture yield, containing approximately 5% to 90% Melamine, approximately 10% to 80% Ortho Phosphoric acid, approximately 8% POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, approximately 8% Sodium Hydroxide, and up to approximately 30% POTASSIUM SULPHATE, with approximately 5% of 0.5% DIETHYL AMINOETHYL HEXANOTE, approximately 10% ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE, approximately 8% to 15% Octoborate with IGSURF 6000, and approximately 5% to 10% wetting agent to get a product for boosting Photosynthesis in liquid, soluble powder, and/or granule form.

Abstract: An agronomic carrier coated with an acidifying agent and a method for preparing same is described.

Abstract: The invention describes a new method for treating sludge, which can result in the production of high nitrogen organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that incorporates municipal sludges or biosolids or organic sludges that can compete with traditional fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and urea on the commodity fertilizer marketplace. The method takes advantage of the thixotropic property of dewatered biosolids or organic sludge to create a pumpable paste-like material from the biosolids or organic sludge that is then treated with an oxidizer to reduce odorant effects and an acid. This mix is then interacted with concentrated sulfuric and or phosphoric acids and an ammonia source or alternatively a hot or molten melt or salt of ammonium sulfate/phosphate to form a fertilizer mix. The present invention controls the heat, atmospheric pressure and retention time of the fertilizer mix in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for development testing of vehicles and components are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system includes a position reference system and a command and control architecture. The position reference system is configured to repetitively measure one or more position and motion characteristics of one or more vehicles operating within a control volume. The command and control architecture is configured to receive the repetitively measured characteristics from the position reference system, and to determine corresponding control signals based thereon. The control signals are then transmitted to the one or more vehicles to control at least one of position, movement, and stabilization of the one or more vehicles in a closed-loop feedback manner. The system may further include a health monitoring component configured to monitor health conditions of the one or more vehicles, the control signals being determined at least in part on the health conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used while producing granulated nitrogen-potash fertilizers. An ammonia nitrate melt in the amount of 33-69 weight %, potassium chloride in the amount of 22-65 weight %, and a specific mineral admixture—phosphogypsum in the amount of 2-9 weight % are fed into a mixture as well as ammonia, which is necessary for keeping pH value of the mixture within the range of 6.5-7.5. The obtained slurry is sprayed onto a recycle product in a drum granulator and granulated under a recycle ratio being equal to 1:(2-2.5), the final product is dried. A stirring is carried out under the optimal operational mode within the temperature range of 100-130° C. during 20-30 minutes. Due to such conditions, a productivity rate of the process is increased and granules of the fertilizer have higher strength and reduced leachability from the soil.

Abstract: According to a method of producing a phosphate fertilizer, a first portion of the phosphate is produced in a pipe cross reactor, and a second portion of the phosphate is produced in a pre-neutralizer. Both the first and second portions of the phosphate are supplied to a granulator. Ammonia is added to the granulator to react with the first and second portions of the phosphate. To produce the first portion of the phosphate, a micronutrient is added to phosphoric acid to produce an enriched acid, and the enriched acid and ammonia are added to the pipe cross reactor where they are allowed to react to produce ammonium phosphate.

Abstract: The primary object of the invention is to provide a method of producing novel phosphate and potash (PK) containing compound fertilizers in the form of powders showing good handle-ability by which method the phosphate components contained in an incinerated ash residue of chicken droppings is improved in solubility and thus rendered effective or available and, at the same time, the free CaO-derived alkali is neutralized, as well as such novel phosphate and potash(PK) containing compound fertilizers.

Abstract: A process for transforming sludge into npk type granulated fertilizer in which the energy consume is reduced a 90% thanks to the addition of a special filtration step in which the water content is reduced a 50% and the remaining water is evaporated by the exothermic reaction occurring in the process. Additionally, the process of the present invention includes mechanisms that allow some of the by products generated by some of the reactions such as gypsum, to adsorb crystallization water and reduce the humidity of the mass without using external energy.

Abstract: An organic complement for fertilizing vegetable species, as an organic product which fulfills with the features of a growth stimulator, mainly manufactured from green algae (Ulva rigida) and brownish algae (Macrocystis pyrifera). The invention includes a process for obtaining the complement that requires washing, grinding, acid and alkaline digestion, filtering and packaging steps. The most important used supplies are hydrochloric and phosphoric acid, and potassium carbonate. The product allows to improve the absorption efficiency of the nutrients supplied by the fertilizers, guaranteeing an optimal growth for the plant species, achieving a higher production in a short period of time. The product is biodegradable and beneficial for soils.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for treating wastewater sludge cake with acid and calcium carbonate under acidic, low heat conditions to produce a stable, soil-like or granular, finished product containing calcium carbonate, useful as a nitrogen fertilizer, synthetic soil component or soil conditioner for pH control.

Abstract: A process for treating thickened phosphatic clay suspensions, waste clay and phosphogypsum produced in the processing of phosphate ore by water beneficiation and chemical processing, the thickened phosphatic clay suspension having a solid content of from about 4 to about 40 percent by weight, includes mixing a sufficient amount of deflocculating agent with a thickened phosphatic clay suspension to cause deflocculation of the suspension to an extent sufficient to reduce the viscosity thereof to a value enabling the deflocculated suspension to be readily pumped from one location to another, the deflocculating agent comprising an alkali compound of a phosphorus oxide. The deflocculated suspension of reduced viscosity is pumped from one location to another and separated into a clay suspension and a phosphatic mineral and sand suspension.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues (sludges) to produce orthophosphate containing slurries suitable for subsequent reaction with ammonia to produce nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing fertilizer products. It comprises reacting aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues with certain special mixtures of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to effect the conversion of the elemental phosphorus content of the residues into mostly orthophosphoric acid and very little orthophosphorous acid with the relative ratios of orthophosphoric acid to orthophosphorous acid produced being dependent upon the weight ratio H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 :HNO.sub.3 employed in the processing. The reaction is conducted at the boiling point of the resulting aqueous reaction medium.

Abstract: A stepwise method of preparing homogeneous mineral granules for agriculture by coreaction of commodity acids and bases which have properties to chemically form a transient fluid adhesive which will harden to form a strong granule binding cement. Water may be added to improve the effectiveness of the adhesive. The transient fluid adhesive is comminuted by mechanically shearing, then particulate mineral solids are admixed mechanically to form a mass of plastic globules which is rolled to form spheroid granules and the fluid adhesive hardens to form the hardened binding cement. The method provides substantially dust-free and attrition resistant animal feed supplement, and plant food fertilizer and micronutrient granules. The commodity acids and bases include aqueous and anhydrous mineral and alkyl carboxylic acids and alkali and alkaline earth bases.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas is disclosed. After passing through a precipitator to remove particulate material, the flue gas is conducted continuously through a fixed bed solid-gas contacting device containing activated carbon or natural zeolite. The bed is regenerated continuously, thereby producing sulfuric acid which may be mixed with ground phosphate rock to produce normal superphosphate, or other by-products.

Abstract: A depot fertilizer composition comprising an inorganic matrix and another inorganic and/or organic component of the formulaX Me(II)O.[(1-x)/2]Me(III).sub.2 O.sub.3.YA.zI.aqin whichMe (II) is at least one divalent metal,Me(III) is at least one trivalent metal,A is at least one inorganic acid or anhydride of an inorganic acid,I is at least one organic compound,aq is 0-9,X is from 0 to 1,Y is from 0.5 to 0.7, andZ is from 0 to 20,at least one of the components containing a plant nutrient element. The compositions are suited for fertilizing the leaves or full systems of plants growing in soil or in water.

Abstract: A rapid, low temperature process for solubilizing phosphate rocks having high content of foreign matter or a low phosphorus content to obtain: (a) a slow release fertilizer of the NP type; (b) phosphoric acid of high concentration plus MAP; and (c) DAP.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without pre-heating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: To make and use nitrogenous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen dioxide is prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or being prepared on the farm in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen dioxide is mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a dilute solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the irrigation system with ammonia or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the embodiment which burns ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are fixed on an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh in a column 10 feet high and one foot in diameter and oxidized while fixed to nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a compound solid fertilizer is disclosed in which, inexpensive chlorides such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and so forth are used as supplementary fertilizer components to be admixed with a phosphate or silicophosphate gel-sol mixture prepared by mixing phosphoric acid with the aforementioned inorganic compound minerals consisting principally of iron, aluminum, magnesium and others. During granulation and hardening, resultant combined chlorine is separated and recovered in the form of hydrochloric acid to minimize the chlorine radical content, thereby permitting not only the manufacture of a fertilizer with practically no bad effect on soil but also the fabrication of hydrochloric acid. Concentrated phosphoric acid, such as super phosphoric acid or concentrated phosphate can be used as the phosphoric acid. A slow-working fertilizer raw material can be further mixed with the gel-sol mixture.

Abstract: The method comprises processing slime and off-gases resulting from the production of phosphorus with an aqueous solution of copper sulphate having a concentration of from 15 to 50% at a temperature within the range of from 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. As a result, two products are obtained, i.e. a liquid product and a solid one.The solid product containing mainly copper phosphide as well as fluorides and chlorides of alkali metals and silicon, and silicates of calcium and aluminium, is used as a modifying and refining agent for hypereutectic silumines and for the manufacture of a copper-phosphorus alloy.The liquid product containing phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and copper sulphate is used as starting product for the preparation of a copper-containing fertilizer.The method according to the present invention makes it possible to modify the production of phosphorus so as to eliminate the formation of secondary wastes and improve the evnironmental control.

Abstract: A rapid, low temperature process for solubilizing phosphate rocks having high content of foreign matter or a low phosphorus content to obtain: (a) a slow release fertilizer of the NP type; (b) phosphoric acid of high concentration plus MAP; and (c) DAP.

Abstract: A process for producing fertilizer-grade phosphoric acid is disclosed. In the process, a rock slurry is produced from a predetermined quantity of phosphate rock and a predetermined quantity of pond water neutralized with ammonia. A predetermined rate of sulfuric acid is added to the rock slurry to produce a reaction mixture. The improvement comprises maintaining an excess of sulfate ion in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: In producing a mixed phosphatic fertilizer, humic acid is mixed with fused phosphate to cause the humic acid to react on alkaline ingredients of the fused phosphate for turning these alkaline ingredients into chelate compounds, so that water-soluble phosphoric acid contents of succeedingly added phosphatic fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate and calcium triple-superphosphate are not reduced or insolubilized by being reacted with such alkaline ingredients. Thus, unlike the prior art, a stabilized predetermined level of water-soluble phosphoric acid contents can be secured in the resultant mixed phosphatic fertilizer along with a predetermined level of citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid contents.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for removing fluorine from natural phosphates, superphosphate materials and wet process phosphoric acids starting materials comprising(a) admixing rock phosphate having a fluorine content above that desired with an acid mixture within the range of rock:acid mixture of about 0.8 to 1 and 1:1.4 by weight;(b) said acid mixture being substantially concentrated phosphoric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a range of phosphoric:sulfuric of about 1:1 to 5:1 by weight;(c) said admixing being at a temperature in the range of 215.degree. to 265.degree. F. while adding water in an amount of up to about 12% by weight of the total mixture and then subjecting the above charge;(d) in a first heating stage adding (1) recycle in an amount substantially of recycle to charge of 1:1 to 10:1 by weight (2) and water while heating to a temperature in the range of 300.degree. F. to 400.degree. F.

Abstract: Phosphate is upgraded to remove slimes therefrom by a process which comprises the steps of:(a) contacting the phosphate ore with a phosphoric acid solution having a concentration of about 1 to 20 weight percent in a desliming unit for a sufficient time to form a suspension containing the slimes and the calcium and phosphate components;(b) passing said suspension through a solids separator to separate deslimed phosphate ore from the slime suspension and recovering the deslimed phosphate ore;(c) removing the slime suspension to a separator to separate the slime solids from the filtrate liquids; and(d) recycling the filtrate liquids to the desliming unit to provide at least a portion of the phosphoric acid solution.

Abstract: A process for the production of fertilizer by reacting sulfur oxide containing gas and water in a multiple state reactor to form sulfur containing acid and reacting the sulfur containing acid with a basic salt which may be solubilized as a result of the acid-base reaction, the basic salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, ammonium and potassium ions, the calcium being derived from a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphatic and nitrogeneous salts, to form a fertilizer selected from the group consisting of phosphatic, nitrogeneous and potassium fertilizers and combinations thereof. The combined sulfur oxide absorption and solubilization of basic salts is conducted at the solution pH of 2.5 to 5. To enhance the further absorption of the sulfur oxide, a solution pH of 3 to 8 is used. This process is suitable for the utilization of sulfur oxides resulting from the combustion of high sulfur containing fossil fuels and sulfur producing chemical processes.

Abstract: A process for the production of fertilizer by reacting sulfur oxide containing gas and water in a multiple state reactor to form sulfur containing acid and reacting the sulfur containing acid with a basic salt which may be solubilized as a result of the acid-base reaction, the basic salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, ammonium and potassium ions, the calcium being derived from a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphatic and nitrogeneous salts, to form a fertilizer selected from the group consisting of phosphatic, nitrogeneous and potassium fertilizers and combinations thereof. The combined sulfur oxide absorption and solubilization of basic salts is conducted at the solution pH of 2.5 to 5. To enhance the further absorption of the sulfur oxide, a solution pH of 3 to 8 is used. This process is suitable for the utilization of sulfur oxides resulting from the combustion of high sulfur containing fossil fuels and sulfur producing chemical processes.

Abstract: Potassium polyphosphate polymers having ratios of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to K.sub.2 O which make them suitable as fertilizer products are prepared by reacting potassium fluosilicate also known as potassium silicofluoride with phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid at temperatures of about 250-500.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of fertilizers from phosphoric and sulfuric acids, anhydrous ammonia, and urea, and more specifically, the production of high-analysis granular ammonium phosphates, ammonium phosphate sulfates, and urea-ammonium phosphate sulfates--some with polyphosphate contents of up to 68 percent of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A specially designed pipe-cross reactor is used to produce a homogeneous melt or slurry of low moisture content from the reactants and thus eliminates the need for a preneutralizer as used in many prior-art granular fertilizer processes. In addition, because of the low melt or slurry moisture content, the dryer (also used in most of the previous processes) is eliminated. The elimination of these two items greatly simplifies pollution abatement, since both items are sources of fumes and dust.

Abstract: Crude phosphate is leached with nitric acid to produce an acid slurry, which is thereafter neutralized with ammonia in two successive stages while simultaneously cooling it and adding acid, part of the crude phosphate phosphorus being replaced with phosphoric acid added to the slurry to be neutralized, and in such a manner that at maximum 40% of the phosphoric acid is fed to the first neutralization stage and the rest is fed to the second neutralization stage, whereby the acidity of the slurry is adjusted to pH 2.5 - 4.5 during the first and to pH 5.0 - 6.0 during the second neutralization stage.

Abstract: A process for the production of fertilizer comprising reacting sulfur oxide containing gas and water in a multiple state reactor to form sulfur containing acid, reacting the sulfur containing acid with a basic ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, ammonium and potassium ions, the calcium being derived from a salt selected from the group consisting of phosphatic and nitrogeneous salts, to form a fertilizer selected from the group consisting of phosphatic, nitrogeneous and potassium fertilizers and combinations thereof. This process is suitable for the utilization of sulfur oxides resulting from the combustion of high sulfur containing fossil fuels and sulfur producing chemical processes. The process of this invention enables the utilization of low concentration sulfur acid in the acidification of phosphate rock utilizing a multiple state reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of a granular fertilizer material from sludge materials discharged from scrubbing processes that remove pollutants from boiler flue gases. Waste sludge discharged from flue gas scrubber systems often contain large amounts of calcium and sulfur as well as lesser amounts of other compounds known to have plant nutrient value. The sludge is treated with an acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric or nitric, or a mixture of these, and ammonia. The resulting sludge-ammonia-acid salt mixture is combined with partially dried, previously processed solid material (recycle) in a horizontal rotating vessel. Additional ammonia and/or acid is added to the rotating vessel to cause the sludge-salt mixture to solidify and granulate. Other plant nutrients may be added to the rotating vessel during granulation. The granulated material discharged from the rotary vessel is further processed (dried, cooled, and screened) to obtain desirable moisture content and particle size.

Abstract: Controlling the odor of an animal waste slurry and increasing the plant nutrient values in said animal waste slurry is achieved by contacting an animal waste slurry with about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm hydrogen peroxide, adjusting the pH of the slurry to between about 4.0 and about 8.0 with a mineral acid, mixing the slurry until the odor is no longer objectionable, and recovering the animal waste slurry which contains increased amounts of ammonium salt values.

Abstract: The preparation of isobutylidenediurea from isobutyraldehyde and urea, the particle size of the product being controlled by alternate use of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A method of producing phosphorus-containing fertilizers, wherein the phosphate raw stock is treated with a mineral acid selected from the group, consisting of phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and a mixture of both. The thus-obtained suspension of the phosphorus-containing fertilizers is acted upon by acoustic vibrations at a frequency of from 500 to 20,000 Hz and a second energy density of from 0.5 to 5 W/cm.sup.2, whereupon the end product is isolated.

Abstract: A method for converting organic waste materials into inert humus-like materials by charring the organic waste materials by heating and drying same in the presence of certain water-soluble inorganic acids, removing residual acid and other water-soluble contaminants by washing the crude char product with water, and utilizing the resulting inert material as a landfill. If desired, the humus-like char products can be reacted with an alkali at elevated temperatures, and the resulting alkali salts of humic-acid-like materials can be mixed with the soil to provide an improved and/or fertilized topsoil.

Abstract: process for production of fertilizers from phosphoric and sulfuric acids, anhydrous ammonia, and urea, and for the production of high-analysis granular ammonium phosphates, ammonium phosphate sulfates, and urea-ammonium phosphate sulfates--some with polyphosphate contents of up to 68 percent of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A specially designed pipe-cross reactor is used to produce a homogeneous melt or slurry of low moisture content from the reactants and thus eliminates the need for a preneutralizer as used in many prior-art granular fertilizer processes. Because of the low melt or slurry moisture content, the dryer is eliminated. The elimination of these two items greatly simplifies pollution abatement, since both items are sources of fumes and dust. The equipment used to produce granular monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea-ammonium phosphate sulfate, and ammonium phosphate sulfate fertilizers is inexpensive and simple to operate.

Abstract: an improved process for production of concentrated high-analysis nitrogen-phosphate base suspension fertilizer by ammoniation of wet-process or other orthophosphoric acids in two stages. The process improvement involves the addition of a small amount (0.1-0.5 percent) of a crystal modifier, fluosilicic acid, for prevention of settling of crystals in the suspension during vibration such as that which occurs during shipment. With use of the crystal modifier, the monoammonium phosphate crystals formed are small and needlelike, and suspension fertilizers with excellent shipping, storage, and handling properties are produced with an N:P.sub.2 O.sub.5 weight ratio in the range of highest solubility, about 0.27 to 0.33.

Abstract: method for granulating crystalline fertilizer borate yielding improved product re bulk blending, handling, and storage by processing solid feedstock with small amounts of mineral acid solution. The process, which requires no drying step, comprises an improved method for converting a relatively easily prepared, nongranular, fine-crystal boron compound, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, to granular form suitable in particle-size distribution, hardness, solubility, and other important characteristics for direct inclusion into bulk blended fertilizers to produce homogeneous, nonsegregating blends according to methods preferred by blend manufacturers. It has the particular advantage over the melt-flaking-sizing method, presently employed commercial practice of conversion of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate to suitable particle-size distribution for blending, in that it is a low-energy process and does not elevate the boron content of the product.