Abstract: The invention is directed to coated fertilizer granules and methods for manufacturing granules and using organically enhanced inorganic fertilizer granules, which incorporate a coating of one or more concentric layers over a core such that the coating contains a bioactive agent such as a herbicide, pesticide, plant growth regulator, microorganism, or beneficial element. Application of the coating to the fertilizer granule preferably involves binding of the bioactive agent to the surface of granule or to the organic components within the granule. The release of the bioactive agent from the coating and or the surface of the granule preferably results in a two-phased release, a first fast release and a second extended or slow-release of the bioactive agent into the soil metering the bioavailability of the bioactive agent for crop growth or protection, and/or for controlling unwanted vegetation or pests.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for manufacturing the polymer-coated fertilizers with a controlled release in a single pass. The system has a feeding mechanism connected to a first chill roll to supply the articles to the first cavities provided on the first roll to store and hold the articles. A first machine produces and applies a first polymer film on the articles held in the first chill roll to coat the articles partially with the first polymer film. The partially coated articles are transferred to a second chill roll placed at a side or on a top of the first chill roll. A second machine produces and applies the second polymer film on the partially coated articles in the second chill roll so that the articles are encapsulated by the first and second polymer films. A collector mechanism receives the encapsulated articles from the second chill roll.

Abstract: Disclosed is a functionalized particle having at its core a porous particle that acts as a structured support element. This porous particle is surrounded by a protective sealant layer encasing the porous particle. The particle includes a plurality of pores holding a first beneficial agricultural component. The functionalized particle can also include a plurality of functionalized molecules embedded in the sealant layer. The functionalized molecules comprise a base material, comprising an active agricultural component or an inactive material, and an active second beneficial agricultural component. The functionalized molecules can all contain the same base material and the same active second beneficial agricultural component or a mixture of different base materials and a mixture of second beneficial agricultural components. The first and second beneficial agricultural components can either be single components or a mixture of components and may be the same or different from each other.

Abstract: This invention relates to the art of fertilizers and, more particularly, to a coated granular fertilizer in which the dissolution rates of water-soluble fertilizer components are controlled by coating or encapsulating a granular fertilizer. The coating for the timed-release fertilizer is derived from plant cellulose extracted from hemp cellulose, sugar cane cellulose, or other plant-based cellulose.

Abstract: Anticaking compositions for solid fertilizers comprising quaternary ester ammonium compounds, the use thereof, methods of preparing solid fertilizers resistant to caking and solid fertilizers obtained thereby.

Abstract: Bio-derived glycerides formed from a reaction between waste glycerol and biodegradable or bio-derived fatty acid esters such as crude biodiesel or soybean oil triglycerides are useful as dust suppressants, binders, and stabilizing agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to particles (1) with a controllable release of at least one pheromone, wherein a) the particle (1) has a core (2) which is surrounded by one or more layers (4, 6), and b) the core (2) and at least one layer (4, 6) surrounding the core (2) comprises at least one pheromone to be released, wherein the core (2) and/or at least one layer (4, 6) surrounding the core (2) comprises a substrate for binding or for absorbing the at least one pheromone to be released, wherein the substrate is capable of dispensing the absorbed pheromone in a delayed manner, and the substrate comprises zeolite.

Abstract: Methods and system for increasing the water solubility and availability of zinc in granular fertilizers using acid treatments. The treatment of granular fertilizers with an acidic solution increases an amount of water-soluble zinc, which in turn, increases the efficiency of zinc uptake and reduces the costs and equipment otherwise needed to mitigate zinc deficiencies.

Abstract: An herbicidal concentrate composition that contains Prodiamine herbicide for application to a granular carrier such as a fertilizer granule, or a granule to be mixed with granular fertilizer.

Abstract: A method of effecting at least one biological process in a plant is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a part of a seed, a plant, or the locus thereof with a mixture comprising an agriculturally acceptable mixture of (i) complex polymeric polyhydroxy acids and (ii) a phytotoxic amount of one or more alkali (earth) salts and/or a synergistic amount of at least one source of an agriculturally acceptable transition metal ions.

Abstract: A method for producing controlled-release fertilizer coated with polyurethane is provided, wherein granular fertilizer is preheated under fluidized state in a fluidized bed; the surface of the granular fertilizer is pretreated after liquid paraffin being atomized; polyol and isocyanate are mixed in a nozzle, then atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the granular fertilizer; after the reaction materials are added, liquid paraffin is added for surface release treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an agricultural blend and a process of forming an agricultural blend. The agricultural blend includes a slag by-product from a process having a slag other than stainless steel slag or includes 11 atomic % silicon from a soluble compound and total silicon of less than about 30 atomic % silicon or greater than about 39 atomic % silicon. The process includes producing a slag by-product and blending the slag by-product with a liquid binder system to form the agricultural blend, the slag not being stainless steel slag.

Abstract: A controlled-release fertilizer comprising fertilizer particles encapsulated in a biodegradable polyurethane obtained from a reaction between a polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component, which is formed by a polyol and a methyl ester derivative of a natural oil, in the presence of an amine catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of enhancing plant growth, comprising treating seed at least one month prior to planting with an effective amount of a plant signal molecule, wherein upon harvesting the plant exhibits at least one of increased plant yield measured in terms of bushels/acre, increased root number, increased root length, increased root mass, increased root volume and increased leaf area, compared to plants harvested from untreated seed, or compared to plants harvested from seed treated with the signal molecule just prior to or within a week or less of planting.

Abstract: A method for producing urea granules having low moisture absorption capacity, with a urea granulator, having a granule flow inlet side and oppositely a granule flow outlet side, forming an axis alongside which granules from a urea solution and a urea/ammonium salt-stream are formed, whereby the solution and the salt-stream are sprayed as a mixture or separately via a feed system unit via various nozzles into the granulator onto a seed material. In this process the highest amount of the salt-stream is sprayed into the granulator at the granule flow inlet side and the amount of the salt-stream is decreased alongside the axis of the granulator from the granule flow inlet side to the granule flow outlet side.

Abstract: A method for producing coated water-soluble particles in a manner to form two or more coating layers on surfaces of the water-soluble particles, characterized by including: a step A wherein after supplying a first coating material that contains a polyol component and an isocyanate component, a second coating material is additionally supplied to surfaces of first coating bodies that have coating layers formed of the first coating material that has not been sufficiently cured, so that second coating bodies that are provided with coating layers of the second coating material are obtained.

Abstract: A suspended nutrition composition includes a foamed material, a colloid layer and a nutrient. The foamed material having a plurality of pores includes a starch, a biodegradable polyester and a plasticizer. The pores are formed by bubbles produced from a physical foaming agent. The colloid layer covers a surface of the foamed material. The nutrient is dispersed in the foamed material.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer material comprising a particulate plant nutrient surrounded by a coating of a mixture including an isocyanate and a polyol, and further comprising a modified wax that may include a polyhydroxyl compound in which the wax and/or the polyhydroxyl compound are cross-linked with a sulfur or oxygen or a peroxide cross-linking moiety. In certain embodiments, the wax and polyhydroxyl compound are cross-linked at unsaturated sites in the wax or polyhydroxyl compound using heat, UV or ionizing radiation.

Abstract: Solutions are prepared by dissolving N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in one or more N-substituted morpholines and mixtures thereof. The solutions may be used in urea fertilizers to reduce nitrogen volatilization, or to reduce the odor of animal waste or urine. Methods of preparing urea fertilizers and the resultant products are also described.

Abstract: Fertilizers may include one or more additives that render the fertilizer more resistant to further processing such as thermal processing and/or aqueous-based processing that may otherwise be employed in the attempt to produce explosive materials from the fertilizer. The one or more additives may include materials that increase the chances of detection by providing a visual or olfactory indication of further processing. The one or more additives may include materials that make further processing more difficult or dangerous.

Abstract: Fertilizers may include one or more additives that render the fertilizer more resistant to further processing such as thermal processing and/or aqueous-based processing that may otherwise be employed in the attempt to produce explosive materials from the fertilizer. The one or more additives may include materials that increase the chances of detection by providing a visual or olfactory indication of further processing. The one or more additives may include materials that make further processing more difficult or dangerous.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coating composition for a fertilizer comprising at least 50 wt % of a cross-linked lipid; and less than 0.20 wt %, relative to the total weight of the lipid, of a catalyst for cross-linking an unsaturated lipid. The cross-linked lipid has a viscosity at 20 degree Celsius (° C.) in the range of 110 and 800 mPa·s.

Abstract: Animal waste is processed to form a biomaterial that is employed as a coating layer for typical fertilizer particles. The biomaterial coating layer can be used neat or with additives and serves to do one or more or any combination of the following: (a) impart a slow or controlled release property to the fertilizer, (b) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to cake together, or (c) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to create dust. The biomaterial coating layer can also release nutrients when used as part of a fertilizer composition.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer composition and methods to produce the controlled release fertilizer composition are described. The controlled release fertilizer composition comprises a water soluble fertilizer core that is coated with a polymeric layer, intermediate layer, and a sulfur layer. If desired, the sulfur layer can be coated with an outer water-insoluble layer.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer composition and methods to produce the controlled release fertilizer composition are described. The controlled release fertilizer composition comprises a water soluble fertilizer core that is coated with a polymeric layer, intermediate layer, and a sulfur layer. If desired, the sulfur layer can be coated with an outer water-insoluble layer.

Abstract: The efficiency of applied phosphorus can be improved by applying phosphorus as a coating onto plant growth (roots and shoots) or by applying phosphorus as a coating on prills or granules of other forms of fertilizers. The composition comprises (a) monoammonium phosphate, (b) struvite and (c) magnesium sulphate. The first two ingredients ensure that there is a source of rapidly available phosphorus (MAP) and a source of more slowly available phosphorus (STRUV). The third ingredient is to provide a source of sulphate which will, in the area surrounding the coated product following application thereof to the soil, act to stop ambient calcium from reacting with the phosphate thereby rendering it inactive.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems for coating substrates. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems in which the coating and curing steps are performed in separate vessels. These methods and systems provide a more effectively controlled and efficient coating process.

Abstract: A granule fertilizer composition with dethatching agent. The fertilizer composition includes natural potassium, various micronutrients, humic acid and composted humus. Ingredients of the composition may include humic acid, nitrogen, sulfur, potash, iron, manganese, magnesium, and/or inert ingredients. In an embodiment, each ingredient is polymer-coated, depending on the needs of the user. The current invention also enables a method of manufacturing a fertilizer composition, along with methods of fertilizing, dethatching and irrigating a finite area of turf using a fertilizer composition. The novel fertilizer composition is environmentally friendly, can be utilized year round effectively for warm and cool turf needs, increases water retention (i.e., reduces amount of irrigation needed), aids in micronutrient uptake, provides soil biology, and prevents staining on concrete.

Abstract: The method for increasing yield of crop plants uses foliar application to the plants during the plant growth stage of a granular fertilizer consisting essentially of urea, ammonium sulfate and a fertilizer stabilizing agent. The stabilizing agent regulates and slows down decomposition nitrogen in urea and/or ammonium sulfate to maximize use thereof. The granular fertilizer has a urea/ammonium sulfate weight ratio of about 4/1 and contains at least 40% nitrogen and at least 4% sulfur. The relatively high N—S fertilizer is applied at relatively high rates of about 100 to 150 pounds per acre to ensure that the fertilizer nutrients are always available to the plants at several stages of growth.

Abstract: A macronutrient sustained release composition for a plant locus having nitrogen containing macronutrient compound adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles, and a process for preparation thereof. The macronutrient adsorbed hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles are encapsulated within cavities present in wood such that the biodegradation of the wood releases the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil. Further, the macronutrient particles are encapsulated within the cell cavities of wood and wood is coated with cellulose modified hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles such that the rupture of the nanocoating initiates the nitrogen release followed by the biodegradation of the wood releases the rest of the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil.

Abstract: A mixture for the treatment of urea-containing fertilizers comprises a) at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide of the general formula (I) R1R2N—P(X)(NH2)2 and/or (thio)phosphoric acid diamide of the general formula (II) R1O—P(X)(NH2)2, X denoting oxygen or sulfur, R1 and R2 independently from each other being hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted 2-nitrophenyl, C1-10-alkyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, C3-10-heterocycloalkyl, C6-10-aryl, C6-10-heteroaryl or diaminocarbonyl, where R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom connecting them can also form a 5 or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group, which optionally may also comprise one or two additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, as component A, and b) at least one compound comprising an amino group having a boiling point of more than 100° C. as component B.

Abstract: A water insoluble micronutrient fertilizer, methods of producing, and methods of using the same are provided. The fertilizer may comprise at least one first micronutrient selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc; a polyphosphate; and optionally at least one second micronutrient selected from the group consisting of boron, chlorine, iodine, molybdenum or selenium. The fertilizer compounds are preferably water insoluble, dilute acid soluble, and free-flowing powders.

Abstract: A composition has a core of at least one fertilizer substance and at least one layer of a coating material surrounding the core. The core may contain nitrogen and the coating material may include one or more linear, saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Fertilizer products, and methods of making fertilizer products are provided that include an additive, such as an agrochemical, coated onto a base fertilizer particle. The outer coating bonds to the inner coating and maintains the inner coating on the base fertilizer particle until the base fertilizer particle undergoes dissolution and releases the fertilizing component.

Abstract: A method of treating biomass feed by pyrolyzing it in the presence of superheated steam at a selected temperature for a sufficient time to produce at least one product stream.

Abstract: Controlled release of one or more agricultural chemicals is provided by microcapsules adapted to rupture in a magnetic field. The microcapsules, which may be applied to soil, seeds and/or plants, each have a shell that encapsulates an agricultural chemical, such as a fertilizer, herbicide or insecticide. One or more organosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles is/are covalently bound into the shell of each microcapsule. For example, (3-aminopropyl) trimethylsilane-coated magnetite nanoparticles may be incorporated into the shell of a urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsule during in situ polymerization. In one embodiment, microcapsules encapsulating a fertilizer are applied during seed planting. Controlled release is subsequently triggered after an appropriate period of dormancy by positioning a magnetic field generating device proximate the microcapsules to generate a magnetic field sufficient to rupture the microcapsule shells through magnetic stimulation of the organosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles.

Abstract: An agrichemical is disclosed having increased bio-activity which is adapted for spray application in a form which offers reduced aerial drift and improved deposition on organisms, reduced agglomeration and gellation problems, is adapted for use with chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers and allows for lower agrichemical use rates. Various adjuvants and surfactants are combined with fertilizers or pesticides, such as herbicides fungicides and insecticides, to reduce application problems relating to droplet size, foaming, chemical stability, plant and area coverage, droplet drift, surface tension, suspension, incompatability, phytoxicity, solubility, volatilization and evaporation, while providing enhanced bio-efficacy and low aquatic toxicity. Purifying the agrichemical composition water source by any of various known processes such as oxidation, ultra-filtration, deionization, reverse osmosis or nanofiltration lowers or removes alkaline components, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, etc.

Abstract: An encapsulated particle comprises a core particle and a polyurethane layer disposed about the core particle. The core particle can be various particles, such as fertilizer, biocides, flame retardants, seeds, etc. The polyurethane layer comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component. The isocyanate-reactive component comprises a graft polyol having a continuous phase and polymeric particles. A method of forming the encapsulated particle comprises the steps of providing the core particle, applying the isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive components to the core particle, and reacting the isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive components to form the polyurethane layer. The encapsulated particle has excellent physical properties, such as increased water repellency, resiliency and shelf life.

Abstract: Coated fertilizer wherein the fertilizer comprises fertilizer particles coated with a biomass composition comprising 1-60 wt. % solid biomass particles with a D50 between 0 and 150 ?m and 99-40 wt. % oil, a biomass composition wherein the biomass composition comprises solid biomass particles with a D50 between 0 and 150 ?m and a process for the production of a biomass composition wherein a biomass composition comprising solid particles having a D50 between 30 and 500 ?m is filtrated and the residue is grinded until the solid particles have a D50 between 0 and 150 ?m.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a controlled release fertilizer wherein the fertilizer is deposited onto a first polymer film and then covered by a second polymer film to encapsulate the fertilizer between the first polymer film and the second polymer film.

Abstract: Improved fertilizer mineral compositions are provided by coating a mineral, such as gypsum, a member of the Kieserite Group, potassium magnesium sulfate, elemental sulfur, and mixtures thereof, with low pH maleic-itaconic copolymers. The preferred copolymers are aqueous dispersions of acid or partial salt maleic-itaconic copolymers, and are applied by spraying or other means onto the surface of the mineral and allowed to dry. The copolymer coatings increase the solubility of sulfate and calcium or magnesium ions from the fertilizer minerals, allowing accelerated plant availability and uptake of such nutrients.

Abstract: A coating oil composition and methods of using the composition for dust control is provided. The coating oil comprises utilizing a by-product from the manufacture of biodiesel and/or fatty alkyl esters, wherein the by-product comprises C6-C24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, C6-C24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid salts, methyl esters, ethyl esters and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Fertilizers may include one or more additives that render the fertilizer more resistant to further processing such as thermal processing and/or aqueous-based processing that may otherwise be employed in the attempt to produce explosive materials from the fertilizer. The one or more additives may include materials that increase the chances of detection by providing a visual or olfactory indication of further processing. The one or more additives may include materials that make further processing more difficult or dangerous.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fertilizer granule containing ammonium nitrate, comprising a core containing ammonium nitrate and a coating layer containing calcium sulphate. The coating layer consists of a mixture containing calcium sulphate and ammonium nitrate. Such a fertilizer granule is preferably produced by contacting the core with an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution and solid calcium sulphate particles, either as a slurry or separately. The production of the fertilizer granule is safe and easy.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of dicarboxylic monomers such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seeds to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.