Abstract: A plurality of computing devices used to access backend computing resources of an enterprise by a specific user are identified, and geo-locations of the devices at specific times are tracked. A trusted authentication is received from a specific one of the devices. Responsive to the trusted authentication, the specific device is classified as the primary node of a trusted cluster, and the current geo-location of the user is defined as the geo-location of the specific device, as of the time of the trusted authentication. Devices are assigned to a logical trusted device cluster or to a logical non-trusted device cluster, based on distances between the device geo-locations and the current geo-location of the user, and based on differences between establishment times of the device geo-locations and the establishment time of the user's geo-location.

Abstract: Generation of user and avatar specific content in a virtual world may include generating a local attribute object. The local attribute object may comprise attributes identifying at least one of the user's real world location and the user's avatar's virtual world location. Access to the local attribute object by virtual world operators may be controlled by the user and/or user's avatar. Specific content, based on the local attribute object, is presented to the user's avatar.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling access to a computer server operating within a private network, in which the computer server is isolated by access restrictions that prevent incoming connections from a public network. In one embodiment, the method includes identifying a remote client operating in a public network outside the private network, initiating a secure communication channel with the remote client, and instructing the remote client to initiate a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) session with the computer server via the secure communication channel.

Abstract: A document accessible over a network can be registered. A registered document, and the content contained therein, cannot be transmitted undetected over and off of the network. In one embodiment, a plurality of stored signatures are maintained in a signature database, each signature being associated with one of a plurality of registered documents. In one embodiment, the signature database is maintained by de-registering documents by removing the signatures associated with de-registered documents. In one embodiment, the database is maintained by removing redundant and high detection rate signatures. In one embodiment, the signature database is maintained by removing signatures based on the source text used to generate the signature.

Abstract: A method of identity authentication and fraudulent phone call verification uses an identification code of a communication device and a dynamic password. The “dynamic password” is directly sent to an Internet user via a dynamic web-page of a specific website instead of by means of a traditional telephone short message. Thus, the “dynamic password” cannot be copied from the spyware infected communication device of the Internet user. Furthermore, even if the “dynamic password” is intercepted or otherwise discovered by a hacker or intruder, authentication is still secure because the dynamic password must be sent back to the specific website via a short message or the like from the same communication device having the corresponding identification code that was initially input by the Internet user in order to generate the dynamic password.

Abstract: Techniques for non-repudiation of storage in cloud or shared storage environments are provided. A unique signature is generated within a cloud or shared storage environment for each file of the storage tenant that accesses the cloud or shared storage environment. Each signature is stored as part of the file system and every time a file is accessed that signature is verified. When a file is updated, the signature is updated as well to reflect the file update.

Abstract: A system and a method for cryptographic reduced-coupon reloading are provided, where a coupon includes a pseudo-random number ri=PRFK(i), where i is an index for labeling the coupon, PRF is a predetermined pseudo-random function and K is a regeneration key, and a “reduced-coupon” xi=ƒ(ri), where ƒ is a predetermined one-way function, where: a candidate device and a second device acquire a common value of a token T, the candidate device transmits a verification value vT to the second device, the second device verifies whether the verification value is equal to PRF?Q(T), where PRF? is a predetermined keyed pseudo-random function identical to, or derived from, the pseudo-random function PRF, where Q is an authentication key owned by the second device and known to the candidate device provided the candidate device is a legitimate reloading device, and if the verification is positive, one or several reduced-coupon(s) provided by the candidate device are stored in the second device.

Abstract: An online card-present transaction system facilitates card-present type transactions with a merchant over a public network. A host system is configured to accept authentication data from a user via an authentication device. The host system, after authenticating a user is configured to retrieve the user's account information from a user database system and translate a user account number into a temporary transaction number. The temporary transaction number is then transmitted directly from the host system to the merchant, thereby eliminating the need for the user to send to the merchant over the internet, the user's transaction account number.

Abstract: Systems and method for producing, validating, and registering authentic verification tokens are disclosed. Such systems and methods include generating verification token specific key pairs. The key pairs can be signed by a verification token manufacturer master key or public key certificate for an additional level of authenticity. Related methods and systems for authenticating and registering authorized verification token manufacturers are also disclosed. Once a verification token manufacturer is authenticated, it can be assigned a manufacturer-specific key pair or certificate and in some cases, a predetermined set of serial numbers to assign to the verification tokens it produces. Each serial number can be used to generate a verification token specific key pair specific to the associated verification token. One component of the verification token key pair can be stored to the verification token.

Abstract: In a method for managing use information of a measurement device, an operating interface of the device is locked before the device is operated. When a user starts to use the device, the method provides a login interface to verify whether the user is authorized to login the operating interface. If the user is authorized to login the operating interface, the operating interface is unlocked and the method records first information of starting to operate the device. After finishing the operation or when an elapsed time of the device not in use is greater than a predetermined time, the method controls the user to log out the operating interface, records second information of finishing the operation, and the operating interface is locked. The first information and the second information are saved in a text file.

Abstract: An IC chip, an information processing apparatus, system, method, and program are provided. An IC chip includes an authentication control unit configured to authenticate a request using authentication information. The request and/or the authentication information is received from outside the IC chip.

Abstract: A card to card transfer method used in the financial system is provided in the present invention, and comprises an initializing step, a transferring step and a transaction confirming step, wherein the initializing step includes the steps of calculating and obtaining the public key certificate and checking the amount of the transaction and so on, and the transferring step includes the steps of performing the transaction and so on. The present invention can achieve the function of transferring the electronic cash between two cards and can prevent the risk of repeatedly transferring the money into the card for transfer-in by using the card for transfer-out and so on.

Abstract: A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising deriving a Master Session Key (MSK) using a secret key and at least one parameter obtained from an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) sequence, deriving a first Pairwise Master Key (PMK) and a second PMK from the MSK, authenticating with a home gateway (HG) using the first PMK, and authenticating with an end point using the second PMK. Included is an apparatus comprising a node comprising an access controller (AC) and a protocol for carrying authentication for network access (PANA) Authentication Agent (PAA), wherein the AC is configured to manage authentication for a UE, and wherein the PAA is configured to implement a PANA to forward authentication information related to the UE.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for secure authentication of third-parties accessing a network system (e.g., a website or the like) through an intermediary entity (i.e., a trusted caller). A session token having a predetermined time-out period (i.e., an expiration time) is implemented in conjunction with a rotating key that is generated for each request and response pair associated with each call/interaction between the third-party entity and the network system. In this regard, the third-party entity must authenticate themselves each time they interact (i.e., call-in) into the network system by presenting the assigned session token and rotating key communicated in response to the previous interaction. As such hijacking of the third-party's network session with the network system is prevented by implementing tokens that expire, in unison with, encrypted rotating keys that are valid only until the next third-party call-in/interaction with the network entity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for providing service level, policy-based QoS enforcement on a network or networks. According to one embodiment, a system can comprise at least one communications network, a first endpoint communicatively coupled with the communications network, and a second endpoint communicatively coupled with the communications network and can monitor traffic on the communications network between the first endpoint and the second endpoint. A policy enforcer can be communicatively coupled with the network monitor. The policy enforcer can apply one or more policies based the traffic between the first endpoint and the second endpoint. The one or more policies can define a Quality of Service (QoS) for the traffic between the first endpoint and the second endpoint and can apply the policies to affect the traffic between the endpoints to maintain the QoS defined by the one or more policies.

Abstract: Erroneous deletion of data due to a collision of digest information during data de-duplication using digest information is prevented. When backup data is stored on a backup server 1100, digest information of the backup data is generated and stored in a digest information management table 4200. In addition, when a backup data storage request is made to the backup server 1100, a digest information verification control sub-program 1127 generates digest information of data to be backed up, and performs verification against the digest information of the backed up data already stored on the backup server 1100. If, by this verification, it is found that backed up data having the same digest information is already stored, de-duplication is realized by reusing the existing backed up data without newly storing the data to be backed up.

Abstract: Cryptographic keys and, subsequently, the data they are intended to protect, are safeguarded from unwarranted attacks utilizing various systems and methodologies designed to minimize the time period in which meaningful versions of cryptographic keys exist in accessible memory, and therefore, are vulnerable. Cryptographic keys, and consequently the data they are intended to protect, can alternatively, or also, be protected from attackers utilizing systems and a methodology that employs a removable storage device for providing authentication factors used in the encryption and decryption processing. Cryptographic keys and protected data can alternatively, or also, be protected with a system and methodology that supports data separation on the storage device(s) of a computing device. Cryptographic keys and the data they are intended to protect can alternatively, or also, be protected employing a system and methodology of virtual compartmentalization that effectively segregates key management from protected data.

Abstract: An approach is provided for using multifactor authentication to access multiple services. A determination is made that a user equipment has been authenticated for an access network. An identifier corresponding to the user equipment is received. An alias identifier is generated based on the received user equipment identifier for use in combination with a universal user identifier to authenticate a user corresponding to the user equipment for accessing a plurality of services via the access network.

Abstract: An authorization assisting device sends to the VBN server an authorization request for access to the WAN by a requesting user device. A registration driver has a set of assignable IP address ranges for multiple routing realms, and assigns an IP address to a user device from a relevant IP address range depending on a routing realm from which communication from the user device is received. The assignable IP address ranges include one or more authorization address ranges from which the registration driver assigns an IP address to a user device whose authorization request is received from the authorization assisting device. An authorization module processes the authorization request to generate an authorization response granting or denying access to the WAN by the requesting user device based on registration data in a registration data store and the information in the authorization request.

Abstract: An online card-present transaction system facilitates card-present type transactions with a merchant over a public network. A host system is configured to accept authentication data from a user via an authentication device. The host system, after authenticating a user is configured to retrieve the user's account information from a user database system and translate a user account number into a temporary transaction number. The temporary transaction number is then transmitted directly from the host system to the merchant, thereby eliminating the need for the user to send to the merchant over the internet, the user's transaction account number.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an expedited login process that is relatively fast and that still provides a reasonable level of security and a reasonable method for mitigating compromised login information are described. In one configuration, a web server sends an anonymous unique machine readable login identifier code to a browser display of a client computer. A server account holding user then uses his smartphone to scan the code and send a message including the login identifier code and a smartphone identifier code to the server. The server obtains the identity of the user and authenticates the user by determining possession of the smartphone using the smartphone identifier. The server then uses the login identifier code to log the user into the server and into the user account at the client computer.

Abstract: A mobile node and its home system generate synchronized time-based codes at periodic time intervals. Each time-based code is valid for a predetermined time period. To facilitate anonymous operation when roaming, the mobile node identifies itself with a coded identifier instead of a public identifier. The coded identifier used at a given time includes the time-based code that is valid for that given time. To authenticate the mobile node, a serving system receives authentication information from the mobile node and forwards the authentication information to a home system. The authentication information includes the current time-based code and a timestamp. The home system identifies the mobile node from the current time-based code and the timestamp. The home system then uses the authentication information to authenticate the mobile node.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are provided for authenticating a user. According to one embodiment, a request for authentication of a user is received via a secondary site, the request for authentication of the user including user information corresponding to the user. The user information is verified and, based on the verifying, a token associated with the user is generated, the token to be used to enable the secondary site to perform a task on the primary site on behalf of the user. The token is then transmitted to the secondary site.

Abstract: This authentication device includes: a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory which stores a plurality of electronic certificate files; a unit which refers to the non-volatile memory upon start-up, and which stores a hierarchical relationship between the plurality of electronic certificate files in the volatile memory; a unit for searching for a desired electronic certificate file based upon the hierarchical relationship between the plurality of electronic certificate files in the volatile memory; and an authentication unit which performs authentication using the electronic certificate file which has been found by the search unit.

Abstract: A method, reader, and system are provided for performing group authentication processes. In particular, a group access decision can be made upon the analysis of a group rule. The group rule may contain a Boolean expression including one or more Boolean conditions. If an appropriate group of credentials are presented to a reader such that the Boolean expression is satisfied, then the group of credentials and the holders thereof are allowed access to a protected asset.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for accessing materials for a meeting may include receiving a call from a meeting participant by a system, wherein the meeting participant calls a prearranged teleconference number to participate in the meeting. The method may also include validating participation of the meeting participant in the meeting by the system. The method may further include providing access to an appropriate set of materials to the meeting participant based on a predetermined attribute associated with the meeting participant.

Abstract: Access control for an application is described. An exemplary method includes receiving a first command of an application to invoke a function of a user interface, identifying a first authorization context based on a first user context and the function of the user interface invoked, retrieving a first access policy providing access criteria associated with the first authorization context, and applying the first access policy to the accessibility of the function. The method includes receiving a second command to invoke the function in a second instance of the application and identifying a second authorization context based on a second user context and the function of the user interface invoked. The second authorization context is different than the first authorization context. The method includes retrieving a second access policy providing second access criteria associated with the second authorization context and applying the second access policy to the accessibility of the function.

Abstract: Embodiments of multi-user web service sign-in client side components are presented herein. In an implementation, the currently authenticated user account of a first application of a client is transferred to another application of a client. In another implementation, a common credential store is used to share data for a plurality of user accounts associated with a client between a plurality of applications of the client, and for the applications to output multi-user interfaces having portions corresponding to the plurality of accounts.

Abstract: A technique of protecting a datum within a set of sensitive data is presented. In this technique, the datum includes a first set of bits satisfying a first set of constraints, and a computer receives the set of sensitive data from an authorized client. The technique involves producing a token corresponding to the datum, the token including a second set of bits distinct from the first set of bits, the second set of bits satisfying a second set of constraints, the second set of constraints being a superset of the first set of constraints. The technique further involves storing the datum and the corresponding token. The technique further involves sending the token to the authorized client, the authorized client enabled to perform, using the second set of bits, a verification that the token satisfies the second set of constraints, the verification being performed apart from the database.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for obtaining a proxy call session control function address, comprising when a terminal accesses an IP multi-media subsystem through a world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) network in roaming scenarios, a visited authentication, authorization, and accounting server (V-AAA) of the terminal retransmitting an access request message sent by an access service network (ASN) or a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) or a home agent (HA) of said terminal to a home authentication, authorization, and accounting server (H-AAA) of said terminal after receiving the access request message, and H-AAA finally deciding whether the P-CSCF is located in a visited network or a home network according to a roaming protocol and visited network capability, and returning the determined P-CSCF address information, included by H-AAA in an access accept message corresponding to said access request message, to the sender of said access request message through V-AAA.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for diverting children from restricted computing activities. The method may include maintaining a list of safe computing activities, maintaining a list of restricted computing activities, and detecting a child's attempt to perform a restricted computing activity identified in the list of restricted computing activities. The method may also include selecting a safe computing activity from the list of safe computing activities. The method may further include, in response to the child's attempt to perform the restricted computing activity, blocking the restricted computing activity and initializing the safe computing activity selected from the list of safe computing activities. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hash module of a mail sender creates a hash data context structure. The hash module processes the headers and the body of an e-mail message in the order required, for example by the DKIM specification, until the data to be hashed has been input. The hash module converts the context structure into printable characters and the encoded structure is transmitted over the Internet or other network to the next participating system. The token authority's hash module decodes the context back into binary form. After ensuring business logic is satisfied, it generates additional headers required for signature, which are then added to the developing hash. The hash module finalizes the hash function and creates the hash value. The authorization module creates the signature and returns it to the e-mail module, which attaches the signature to the message and transmits it to the destination mailbox provider, which verifies the token.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a temperature float of a one time password token and a device thereof are provided in the invention relating to the information security field. The method includes steps: the one time password token measures a current ambient temperature at intervals of a first predetermined time, retrieves a data table for a characteristic value relating to the measured temperature, and calibrates a current time value inside the token according to the characteristic value at intervals of a second predetermined time. The one time password token includes a timer module, a measuring module, a retrieving module, a table storing module, a calibrating module, a triggering module, a generating module and a displaying module. The invention calibrates time differentiation of the one time password token caused by the temperature float.

Abstract: A system and method for performing a security check may include using at least one processor to periodically check a status of a flag, generate and store a baseline representation of modules stored on the device where the flag is determined to be set to a first state, and, where the flag is determined to be set to a second state, generate an active representation of modules stored on the first device, compare the active representation of modules to the baseline representation of modules, and, responsive to a determination in the comparing step of a difference between the baseline and active representations of modules, output an alert. The flag status may depend on an association of the device with one of a plurality of authorization policies, each mapped to one of the two states. Results of the comparison may be appended to an activity log of the device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a request from a first party for access to controlled data, and providing access to the controlled data to a second party. The first party requests access to the controlled data and a token is provided to the first party. The token includes data associated with authorized access to the controlled data. A request for access to the controlled data including the token is later received from the second party, and access to the controlled data is provided to the second party.

Abstract: Digital cash token protocols employ two pairs of private and public keys. Each public key is certified separately and the protocols do not use any blind signature schemes. As a result, the digital cash token protocols provide strong protection of user privacy by using two certified public keys instead of a blind signature. One pair of certified keys consists of one master user private key and one master user public key. A second pair of certified keys consists of one pseudonym user private key and one pseudonym user public key. The use of a master key pair and a pseudonym key pair circumvents the need for blind signatures. As a result, the proposed protocols do not require blind signatures and do not add additional overhead and security requirements necessitated by conventional blind signature schemes. The protocols use public key protocols and digital signatures and symmetric key protocols, which may be readily implemented in standard information security based systems based on cryptographic constructs.

Abstract: A token calculates a one time password by generating a HMAC-SHA-1 value based upon a key K and a counter value C, truncating the generated HMAC-SHA-1 value modulo 10^Digit, where Digit is the number of digits in the one time password. The one time password can be validated by a validation server that calculates its own version of the password using K and its own counter value C?. If there is an initial mismatch, the validation server compensate for a lack of synchronization between counters C and C? within a look-ahead window, whose size can be set by a parameter s.

Abstract: An Asynchronous Enhanced Shared Secret Provisioning Protocol (ESSPP) provides a novel method and system for adding devices to a network in a secure manner. A registration process is launched by at least one of two network devices together. These two devices then automatically register with each other. When two devices running Asynchronous ESSPP detect each other, they exchange identities and establish a key that can later be used by the devices to mutually authenticate each other and generate session encryption keys. An out-of-band examination of registration signatures generated at the two devices can be performed to help ensure that there was not a man-in-the-middle attacker involved in the key exchange.

Abstract: Registering a client computing device for online communication sessions. A registration server receives a message that has a push token that is unique to the client computing device and a phone number of the client computing device from an SMS (Short Message Service) transit device, which received an SMS message having the push token from the client computing device and determined the phone number of the client computing device from that SMS message. The registration server associates the push token and the phone number and stores it in a registration data store, which is used for inviting users for online communication sessions.

Abstract: Methods and computer-readable media are provided for refreshing a page validation token. In response to a request for a form from a client, a server responds with the requested form, a page validation token, and a page token refresh program. The client executes the page token refresh program in response to a request to post the contents of the form to the server computer. The page token refresh program determines whether a preset period of time has elapsed since server computer generated the page validation token. If the period of time has not elapsed, the form is posted to the server with the page validation token and processed by the server computer. If the page timeout has elapsed, the page token refresh program refreshes the page validation token prior to posting the form by requesting an updated page validation token from the server.

Abstract: A tamper resistant servicing Agent for providing various services (e.g., data delete, firewall protection, data encryption, location tracking, message notification, and updating software) comprises multiple functional modules, including a loader module (CLM) that loads and gains control during POST, independent of the OS, an Adaptive Installer Module (AIM), and a Communications Driver Agent (CDA). Once control is handed to the CLM, it loads the AIM, which in turn locates, validates, decompresses and adapts the CDA for the detected OS environment. The CDA exists in two forms, a mini CDA that determines whether a full or current CDA is located somewhere on the device, and if not, to load the full-function CDA from a network; and a full-function CDA that is responsible for all communications between the device and the monitoring server. The servicing functions can be controlled by a remote server.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for securely downloading management client software onto a device from an embedded stub in the device. In one embodiment, the stub client is activated by a message with credentials from a management server. The stub client, after verification of the credentials, downloads and activates a full management client. The management client then participates in any authorized management session with the device management server. The messages are preferably encrypted using a key that is based on the credentials. The credentials may be specific to the device and to the service provider associated with the device.

Abstract: A deployable computing environment may facilitate interaction and data sharing between users and devices. Users, devices, and relationships between the users and devices may be represented within the deployable computing environment. A relationship between a user and a device may specify that the device is owned by the user and that the device is authorized to perform operations within the deployable computing environment on behalf of the user. Secure authentication of devices and users for interaction within the deployable computing environment is achieved by authenticating tickets corresponding to the user, the device, and the relationship. A device identification ticket and a user identification ticket are used to authenticate the device and user for interaction within the deployable computing environment. A device claim ticket allows the device to perform delegated operations (e.g., data synchronization, peer connectivity, etc.) on behalf of the user without the user's credentials (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for associating a mobile device with a web service or a user account. A unique code is displayed on the mobile device. The unique code is associated with a user account or web service to be utilized with the mobile device. Instructions for a user to enter the unique code in an authentication process via an authentication portal of a management device are also displayed. After it is determined that a user has performed the authentication process, any user identification, which has been associated with the unique code, is then obtained from the management device. The obtained user identification is then stored for use by the mobile device. After user identification has been obtained and stored, the stored user identification is used for the mobile device to participate in an authentication process for authorizing the mobile device to utilize a web service or user account associated with the user identification.

Abstract: A method and system which provides communication between a first portable device and a second portable device. The first portable device stores a first sequence number and a first key, and the second portable device stores a second sequence number and a second key. Verification is performed using the first and second keys. The first sequence number is compared to the second sequence number. If the second sequence number is newer than the first sequence number, the first sequence number is set to have a value of the second sequence number if the verification succeeds. If the first sequence number is newer than the second sequence number, the second sequence number is set to have a value of the first sequence number if verification succeeds.

Abstract: A method for requesting a certificate from a certificate issuer for a public key that is associated with a corresponding private key stored by a storing entity, the method comprising: generating by means of a generating entity a certificate request message indicative of a request for a certificate; and transmitting the certificate request message to the certificate issuer; the certificate request message including an indication of the relationship between the storing entity and the generating entity.

Abstract: A system for token-based management of a PKI (public key infrastructure) personalization process includes a token request and management system (TRMS) configured to gather request information from a requestor; and a token personalization system (TPS) configured to personalize a hardware token such that usage of the hardware token is constrained by the request information. A method for token-based management of a PKI personalization process includes: requesting a hardware token; personalizing a hardware token such that the hardware token is confined to operation within limiting parameters; binding the hardware token to a workstation which is configured receive the hardware token and use credentials within the hardware token to request and download PKI data from a PKI server, the workstation being further configured to personalize an end user product by loading the PKI data into internal memory contained within the end user product; and monitoring usage of the hardware token and the PKI data.

Abstract: A mobile communication device operates in a wireless communication network with use of a communication service provided by a service provider (e.g. a wireless carrier for voice telephony, or data service provider for data synchronization). An application server receives, via the wireless network, a message from the mobile device. The message has a field for inclusion of a token having a digital signature corresponding to the service provider. The application server performs token validation of the message, which includes a verification step for verifying the digital signature of the token with a public key corresponding to the service provider. The application server then grants or denies access to an application service depending on the outcome of the token validation. In one embodiment, the application service is an e-commerce transaction service, wherein a proof-of-work (POW) test (e.g. a Captcha test) otherwise utilized for the service is bypassed or excluded.

Abstract: A tolerant key verification method is provided. The tolerant key verification method comprises the following steps. A first key is generated instantly according to first characteristic values from a user terminal and is transmitted to a verification server to perform a comparison. When a data in the verification server matches the first key, the verification server makes no response and asks a network-service server to provide a network service to the user terminal. When the data doesn't match the first key, the verification server makes no response. When no data is available, the verification server makes no response and asks a message server to send a key-regeneration signal to the user terminal such that the user terminal generates a second key instantly according to second characteristic values. The verification server saves the second key and asks the network-service server to provide the network service to the user terminal.

Abstract: A method of generating authentication seeds for a plurality of users, the method involving: based on a single master seed, generating a plurality of derivative seeds, each one for a corresponding different one of a plurality of users; and distributing the plurality of derivative seeds to a verifier for use in individually authenticating each of the plurality of users to that verifier, wherein generating each one of the plurality of derivative seeds involves mathematically combining the master seed and a unique identifier identifying the corresponding user.