Abstract: A method enhances authentication requirements to documents of a document repository based, at least in part, on a security policy associated with a branch under which the documents are organized. The method implements an approval service that is identified in a branch policy. The approval service determines whether a user is authorized to modify documents included in the branch. The method further selectively requires multiple authentications from multiple authentication systems in order to access one or more particular branches in a document repository. Further, the multiple authentication systems are based on separate and independent sets of authentication credentials.

Abstract: A multi-function device (MFD) is disclosed. For example, the MFD includes a user interface to select a network configuration machine readable code, a processor, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to generate the network configuration machine readable code and print the network configuration machine readable code, wherein the network configuration machine readable code is to be scanned by a target MFD to automatically configure a network connection of the target MFD via information contained in the network configuration machine readable code.

Abstract: A method for communicating over a wireless network includes broadcasting, by a Multi-Link Device (MLD) device, service data indicative of one or more services for wireless communication with a client device; wherein the service data indicates that a service type is differentiated based on a type of the client device; establishing a security association with the client device; and in response to establishing a security association with the client device, granting access by the client device to a subset of the one or more services based on the type of the client device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficiently and securely requesting and receiving, from a remote service, data for multiple accounts associated with the same device or application. In one example, a client device is configured to request application data for all accounts associated with the device or application installation using a single remote procedure call, rather than requiring separate calls for each account, and to do so by providing a single identifier rather than including identifiers specific to each associated account. The remote service is further configured to return the requested information in a manner that obfuscates the account identifiers and thus limits their potential use if the communication is intercepted, such that the application data can be efficiently transmitted together even where security or other concerns would otherwise dictate that separate transmissions should be made for each account.

Abstract: A system and method for authenticating an application that employs cryptographic keys and functions is provided with white box cryptography employed to secure the application, and to secure communications with the application. The white box includes a transformation of the application and the keys. A secure channel between the white box and a crypto token is used for communications. In some cases, the transformed keys can be employed in authenticating the white box to the crypto token. The presence of a valid crypto token can be periodically determined. In the presence of a valid crypto token, the white box can provide a verifiable message to a remote server. The remote server can verify the message and initiate a service.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for real-time security monitoring on a computing device are presented. A system may define privileges to access hardware interfaces for each process of a plurality of processes executing on a computing device. The privileges may be defined in a privileged operating system level that controls root access to an operating system. In response to a determination that a process is attempting to access a hardware interface, the system may determine whether the process is privileged to access the hardware interface by checking the privileges. In response to determining that the process is not privileged to access the hardware interface, the intrusion detection agent may terminate the process.

Abstract: A wireless sensor for an associated machine or machine part which includes a communications module that wirelessly transmits data related to the associated machine or machine part. The communications module is mounted on the sensor and the sensor is disposed under the bottom side of the control circuitry. A sensor is configured to measure one or more properties of the associated machine or machine part.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for differentiated authorization for domains of a multi-domain application. A computing device may identify a familiarity indicator based on identity information received with a request for access to a multi-domain application. Based on a risk assessment of the familiarity indicator, an access level for the access to the multi-domain application may be identified. A request for an access token that enables access to a first domain of the multi-domain application may be authorized based on the access level. A request for an access token that enables access to a second domain, such as a domain associated with a higher access level than the first domain of the multi-domain application, may be denied based on the access level.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a seamless and secure motherboard replacement system and method are described. In some embodiments, an Information Handling System (IHS) may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having program instructions that, upon execution, cause the IHS to when a previous motherboard is replaced with a replacement motherboard; detect that the previous motherboard has been replaced with the replacement motherboard, access context data associated with the previous motherboard from a storage unit configured in the IHS, the context data comprising configuration settings of the previous motherboard, and update the replacement motherboard according to the stored context information.

Abstract: A password input method is disclosed. The password input method is conducted by a microprocessor of a touch sensitive password input device, wherein the touch sensitive password input device is integrated in an electronic device, such as point-of-sale payment terminal, smartphone, tablet computer, all-in-one computer, door station, and keyless electronic door lock. In case of the password input method according to the present invention being conducted, the touch sensitive password input device is controlled to guide a visually impaired person to successfully complete a password input operation with high security.

Abstract: Computer systems and associated methods are disclosed to implement a model development environment (MDE) that allows a team of users to perform iterative model experiments to develop machine learning (ML) media models. In embodiments, the MDE implements a media data management interface that allows users to annotate and manage training data for models. In embodiments, the MDE implements a model experimentation interface that allows users to configure and run model experiments, which include a training run and a test run of a model. In embodiments, the MDE implements a model diagnosis interface that displays the model's performance metrics and allows users to visually inspect media samples that were used during the model experiment to determine corrective actions to improve model performance for later iterations of experiments. In embodiments, the MDE allows different types of users to collaborate on a series of model experiments to build an optimal media model.

Abstract: The present application belongs to the technical field of circuits. Disclosed are a card-reading circuit, a card reader, and a card-reading system. The card-reading circuit comprises a connection module and a communication control module. The connection module comprises a first connection unit and a second connection unit, and the communication control module comprises a first communication control unit and a second communication control unit. The first communication control unit is connected between a second end of the first connection unit and a reading end of a central processing unit, and the second communication control unit is connected between a second end of the second connection unit and the reading end of the central processing unit. At the same moment, one of the first communication control unit and the second communication control unit is operating.

Abstract: A component authentication and validation system requests a token server to provide tokens for a product line. The system receives, from the token server, the requested tokens. The system associates each token with a unique identifier that uniquely identifies the token. The system receives, from a production line server, a request to transmit a particular number of tokens to program the components associated with the product line. The system receives, from the production line server, a report file comprising a programmed token that is programmed into a component associated with the product line. The programmed token is used to authenticate the component. The system registers the token with the token server, such that inquiries about the token are tracked by the token server.

Abstract: Embodiments are described for a secure boot monitoring and validation process during operating system (OS) installation and runtime. A validated copy of OS boot files is made during OS installation. A checksum comparator or OS boot file filesystem check (FSCK) component validates the boot files upon initial installation of the OS. Any validation failure indicates corruption or unwanted modification of the boot file data, and an alert is sent. The file system is locked to prevent any exposure of user data. The validated copy is then used to recover the boot files. An OS boot file monitor component periodically monitors the boot files during OS run time and if any corruption is detected during a system boot after OS installation, the boot blocking, alert, and recovery procedures can be invoked.

Abstract: A system for authenticating components using software security tokens receives, from a remote server, a security token that is a software security artifact that is used to uniquely identify a component. The system programs the security token into the component, where programming the security token into the component comprises encoding the component with the security token such that the security token in retrievable upon request for authenticating the component. The system generates a report file comprising the programmed security token. The programmed security token is used to authenticate the component. The system transmits the report file to the remote server.

Abstract: An access control list is identified that, for a specified data item, defines, for each of a set of access levels, one or more entities that are collectively to authorize access to the data item according to a respective access level. The access control list is translated into a sequence of instructions implementing a smart contract. The smart contract is to transmit requests to entities for authorization to allow a specified requesting entity to access the specified data item. Based on responses to the transmitted requests, the smart contract is to generate a first token that enables access to the specified data item according to a first level of access or a second token that enables access to the specified data item according to a second level of access. The sequence of instructions is transmitted to one or more nodes of a distributed ledger network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for device fingerprint-based authentication are provided herein. A computing device may receive, from a user device, authentication credentials and a first device fingerprint. The device fingerprint may be encrypted using a public/private key pair and may identify one or more aspects of the user device, such as operating parameters of the user device. Based on the authentication credentials, the computing device may authenticate the user device, store the first device fingerprint, and send a token to the user device. The computing device may receive a request for access to content. The request may comprise the token and a second device fingerprint. The second device fingerprint may be different from the first device fingerprint. Based on the token and comparing the first device fingerprint to the second device fingerprint, the computing device may determine whether to authenticate the device that sent the request.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and computer program products for controlling and securing access to a computing environment comprising a plurality of resources that access data. An example method can comprise (a) segmenting the data into a plurality of data segments; (b) associating a user of a plurality of users of the computing environment with one or more data segments of the plurality of data segments; and (c) providing an access control system that defines access to the plurality of resources comprising a first resource. The first resource can be associated with one or more data segments of the plurality of data segments. The method can further comprise (d) determining whether the user has permission to access the first resource using the access control system. The determining can comprise verifying whether the user and the first resource are associated with at least one same data segment.

Abstract: A system for detecting access to a security sensitive component on an electronic device includes a PCB-mounted connector that provides read/write access to a security sensitive component on the PCB. The system further includes a connector cap that mates with at least a portion of the connector and that includes circuitry that facilitates current flow across at least a portion of the PCB-mounted connector when the connector cap is mated with the PCB-mounted connector, When removed from the PCB-mounted connector, the current flow is disrupted. The system further includes an intrusion detection controller that monitors a voltage at a sampling point adjacent to detect removal of the connector cap and to generate an intrusion logfile entry in response.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems for improving authentication using geolocation data. In some examples, a user may be authenticated by comparing user provided geolocation data with a predetermined geolocation. The user input may be made on a map interface. In some examples, the user may be authenticated by comparing two geolocations together. A slope of a line intersecting the user inputted geolocation and the pre-defined primary geolocation may be computed. If the calculated slope value corresponds to an initial slope value, then the answer may be deemed valid. In some examples, the authentication system may authenticate the user by comparing three geolocations together. An angle between two lines may be computed, where each line is formed by intersecting one of two geolocation answers and an intersecting the primary geolocation. If the computed angle corresponds with a stored secret angle, the answer may be deemed valid.

Abstract: A passive Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) system includes a passive MFA server that receives, from a user computing device, passive biometrics data and device data collected during a current session on a remote site; submits the passive biometrics data to a user profile model, and in response receives a user authentication confidence score; and submits the device data to a device profile model, and in response receives a device authentication confidence score. The passive MFA server is also configured to receive a user authentication request for a current payment transaction associated with the current session on the remote site, and transmit the user authentication confidence score and the device authentication confidence score to an Access Control Server (ACS) configured to determine that the scores satisfy a predefined threshold for passively authenticating a user of the user computing device during the current session, without conducting an active authentication process with the user.

Abstract: Memory devices, systems including memory devices, and methods of operating memory devices are described, in which security measures may be implemented to control access to a fuse array (or other secure features) of the memory devices based on a secure access key. In some cases, a customer may define and store a user-defined access key in the fuse array. In other cases, a manufacturer of the memory device may define a manufacturer-defined access key (e.g., an access key based on fuse identification (FID), a secret access key), where a host device coupled with the memory device may obtain the manufacturer-defined access key according to certain protocols. The memory device may compare an access key included in a command directed to the memory device with either the user-defined access key or the manufacturer-defined access key to determine whether to permit or prohibit execution of the command based on the comparison.

Abstract: A device includes a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) signal path, a processor, and a peripheral component. The peripheral component may comprise secret data, such as a secret key. The processor may perform a preconfigured NMI interrupt service routine (ISR), in response to detecting a preconfigured signal in the NMI signal path. Access to at least a part of the peripheral component may be enabled in response to detecting the preconfigured signal in the NMI signal path. Thus, the processor may be able to access the secret data, for example, when the processor is running the NMI ISR.

Abstract: Some examples described herein provide for securely booting a heterogeneous integration circuitry apparatus. In an example, an apparatus (e.g., heterogeneous integration circuitry) includes a first portion and a second portion of one or more entropy sources on a first component and a second component, respectively. The apparatus also includes a key generation circuit communicatively coupled with the first portion and the second portion to generate a key encrypted key based on a first set of bits output by the first portion and a second set of bits output by the second portion. The apparatus also includes a key security circuit to generate, based on the key encrypted key and an encrypted public key stored at the apparatus, a plaintext public key to be used by a boot loader during a secure booting operation for the apparatus.

Abstract: Cross domain resource access includes accessing resources in a first domain from a second domain. This may be performed using the methods, system, and devices described herein. This may include maintaining a mapping identifier for a user of a service provider based on user information. The service provider may provide first and second security domains for the user. The mapping identifier may be associated with an endpoint of a private cloud computing service of the first security domain. The may also include receiving, from the first security domain, a request associated with a resource of the second security domain, the request comprising the mapping identifier. This may also include routing the request from the first security domain to the second domain via a first private network link of the first security domain and a second private network link of the second security domain using a confidentiality controlled interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for biometric payments are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for conducting a biometric payment may include (1) receiving at a server and from an electronic device, transaction information comprising an identification of a good or service to purchase from a merchant and a biometric payment instruction from an individual that was captured by the electronic device; (2) at least one computer processor authenticating the individual based on the biometric payment instruction; (3) the at least one computer processor determining a payment account for the transaction from the biometric payment instruction; (4) the at least one computer processor retrieving a payment device associated with the payment account; and (5) the at least one computer processor providing the payment device to the merchant.

Abstract: A seed, a computing resource characteristic, and a computing resource permitted condition corresponding to the computing resource characteristic are received. A request is received from a requestor to implement a computing element that utilizes the computing resource characteristic. The request includes a computing resource value for the computing resource characteristic. A requestor token is received from the requestor. A server token is generated using the first seed. It is determined that the requestor token matches the server token, and that the computing resource value meets the computing resource permitted condition. In response, the request to implement the computing element is granted.

Abstract: Systems and methods of receiving, from a computing system, location-specific information, the location-specific information corresponding to a first location of a plurality of locations of a bank branch, receiving a first user input relating to a search query via a first graphical user interface displaying the location-specific information, receiving, from the computing system, an updated real-time listing of employees that match the search query, displaying the updated real-time listing of employees in the first graphical user interface, receive, via the first graphical user interface, a second user input corresponding to a selection of a specific employee from the updated real-time listing of employees available at the bank branch, receive, from the computing system, additional details concerning the specific employee, and display, using the first graphical user interface, the additional details concerning the specific employee.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described that secure application data being maintained in transient data buffers that are located in a memory that is freely accessible to other components, regardless as to whether those components have permission to access the application data. The system includes an application processor, a memory having a portion configured as a transient data buffer, a hardware unit, and a secure processor. The hardware unit accesses the transient data buffer during execution of an application at the application processor. The secure processor is configured to manage encryption of the transient data buffer as part of giving the hardware unit access to the transient data buffer.

Abstract: The invention discloses a digital signature system. The digital signature system comprises an electronic device and a data storage device. The electronic device generates a specific data by executing a specific operation, and performs a calculation operation on the specific data via a hash algorithm to generate a hash data. The data storage device comprises a controller, a plurality of flash memories, and a data transmission interface. The electronic device transmits the hash data to the data storage device via the transmission interface. The controller comprises a firmware. The firmware reads an unclonable function, and generates a private key according to the unclonable function, and encrypts the hash data by the private key to obtain a digital signature. The data storage device transmits the digital signature to the electronic device via the transmission interface.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a secure credential transfer to a device includes verifying user identity and device identity. In particular, the method includes verifying user identity by requesting and receiving a user identification input at a first client device and verifying device identity of a second client device by (i) determining a security status of the second client device from hardware of the second client device, (ii) invoking an identifier related to the security status of the second client device to an authentication server, and (iii) obtaining certification from the authentication server for the second client device based on the invoked identifier. After verifying the user identity and the device identity, the method includes establishing a secure channel between the first client device and the second client device for the secure credential transfer using one or more tokens generated by the authentication server.

Abstract: Methods and systems for privacy-preserving identity attribute verification are presented. During an interaction between a relying entity and a user, a relying entity computer can transmit a policy token to a user device. The policy token may indicate the information needed by the relying entity in order to perform the interaction. The user device can verify the policy token, then use the policy token in conjunction with an identity token to generate a zero-knowledge proof. The user device may transmit the zero-knowledge proof to an identity service provider computer. The identity service provider computer may verify the zero-knowledge proof, then generate a verification message. The identity service provider computer may sign the verification message and transmit the signed verification message to the relying entity computer. The relying entity computer may verify the verification message and complete the interaction with the user.

Abstract: A computing device is described which has at least one application access record storing references to content items stored at the computing device. At least one local store stores other content items. A processor of the computing device executes at least one application, the application having ability to access the content items referenced in the application access record and restricted from accessing the other content items. An operating system of the computing device is configured to search the local store to identify at least one of the other content items on the basis of criteria, and to suggest the identified other content item(s) to a user of the computing device for access by the application.

Abstract: A system performs mobile biometric identification system enrollment using a known biometric. The system receives a digital representation of a first biometric for a person. Prior to using the digital representation of the first biometric to identify the person, the system compares a received digital representation of a second biometric for the person to known biometric data for the person. When the digital representation of the first biometric has been thus verified, the system is operative to identify the person using the digital representation of the first biometric.

Abstract: A processing-in-memory (PIM) device includes an ECC logic circuit configured to generate first write data, first write parity, second write data, and second write parity from first write input data and second write input data when a write operation in an operation mode is performed, and generate first converted data and second converted data from first read data, first read parity, second read data, and second read parity when a read operation in the operation mode is performed; and a MAC operator configured to perform a MAC arithmetic operation for the first converted data and the second converted data to generate MAC operation result data.

Abstract: To protect corporate information technology (IT) networks, corporations or organizations can design their networks with secure technology. For example, before an employee can remotely access his or her company's network via a user device, a server associated with the company's network can setup an exemplary secure digital certificate for the user device. The secure digital certificate includes a public Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a router used by the user device to access the Internet. When employee attempts to remotely access his or her company's network, the user device or a router associated with the user device can send the secure digital certificate along with a current public IP address of the router used by the user device to access the Internet. In some embodiments, if the public IP address included in the digital certificate matches the current public IP address, the user device can access the company's network.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for managing identity credentials on a mobile device are described herein. A verifier device may perform operations including receiving one or more data elements associated with a credential, wherein the data elements are signed with a signature associated with an issuer of the data elements, analyzing the signature to determine a confidence score, the confidence score enumerated into a plurality of confidence levels, configuring a verification process based on the confidence score, and executing the verification process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for mobile cross-authentication comprising: generating an online authentication code (Ocode) and a mobile authentication code (Mcode) from an authentication server device when performing online authentication, providing the online authentication code (Ocode) and the mobile authentication code (Mcode) to a computer terminal device and a mobile terminal of the user respectively, receiving and verifying the online authentication code and the mobile authentication code received by the computer terminal device and the mobile terminal to the authentication server device through the mobile terminal and the computer terminal device respectively.

Abstract: A shared terminal includes: circuitry to control a display to display an image to a plurality of users, the plurality of users sharing a use of the shared terminal, and obtain, from a first privately-owned terminal owned by a first user of the plurality of users, first terminal identification information for identifying the first privately-owned terminal; a transmitter to transmit, to a terminal management server, an authentication request for authenticating the first privately-owned terminal to allow login of the first user into the shared terminal, the authentication request including the first terminal identification information of the first privately-owned terminal; and a receiver to receive an authentication result indicating whether the first privately-owned terminal is authenticated to allow login of the first user, from the terminal management server.

Abstract: In an example, a system includes a firmware controller to initiate a SM execution mode of the system. The firmware controller scans memory for a process pool tag. The firmware controller compares the process pool tag to a set of operating system process pool tags and detects a coherency discrepancy between the process pool tag and the set of operating system process pool tags. The firmware controller exits the SM execution mode of the system.

Abstract: One aspect provides an FPGA chip mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB). The FPGA chip can include a joint test action group (JTAG) interface comprising a number of input/output pins and an enablement pin, and a control logic block coupled to the enablement pin of the JTAG interface. The control logic block can receive a control signal from an off-chip control unit and control a logical value of the enablement pin based on the received control signal, thereby facilitating the off-chip control unit to lock or unlock the JTAG interface. The FPGA chip can further include a detection logic block to detect an unauthorized access to the FPGA chip. An input to the detection logic is coupled to the enablement pin, and a conductive trace coupling the input of the detection logic block and the enablement pin is situated on an inner layer of the PCB.

Abstract: A computer system detects the reception of a first token associated with a first transaction. The computer system determines that a first Payments Reward Identifier (PRI) is associated with the first token by accessing a PRI database. In response to determining that the first PRI is associated with the first token, the computer system accesses the PRI database and determines that the first PRI is associated with a record within the PRI database that corresponds to a first rewards ID (RID). In response to determining that the first PRI is associated with a record within the PRI database that corresponds to the first rewards, the computer system determines a first rewards amount corresponding to the first transaction, and updates a total rewards amount, in a rewards database, corresponding to the determined first RID based on the first rewards amount.

Abstract: A zero trust application enables access to a protected resource from a client device associated with a user. The client device has a browser, and an agent running locally and accessible via a local loopback interface. During an authentication flow, a browser-based script executes in the browser to deliver a challenge to the agent, and to collect a response to that challenge from the agent using a graphics file-based encoding scheme, and to deliver that information to the application for verifying the client device and its security posture. Depending on that security posture, the authentication flow may be permitted to complete. If a failure of the security posture is identified, the user may be permitted during the on-going authentication flow to address that failure and request a re-check of the posture.

Abstract: A host device, a storage device, and a method employ a vendor unique command (VUC) authentication system. The storage device includes a memory and a memory controller which includes a VUC authentication module and controls the memory. The VUC authentication module transmits first memory information about the memory to the host device, receives from the host device a one-time password generated by the first memory information, verifies the one-time password, and receives a vendor unique command from the host device when the one-time password is correct.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products for recommendation systems. Embodiments commence by gathering a set of pathnames that refer to content objects of a collaboration system. A tokenizer converts at least some of the pathnames into vectors. The vectors comprise hierarchical path components such as folder names or file names, which vectors are labeled with an indication as to whether or not the folder or file referred to in a particular vector had been clicked on by one or more users. Some portion of the labeled vectors are used to train a predictive model. Another portion of the vectors are used to validate the predictive model. When the model exhibits sufficient precision and recall, the predictive model is then used to predict the probability that a particular user would have an interest in a particular folder or file. The folder name or file name is presented as a collaboration recommendation.

Abstract: An example computing device includes a user interface, a network interface, a non-volatile memory, a processor coupled to the user interface, the network interface, and the non-volatile memory, and a set of instructions stored in the non-volatile memory. The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, is to perform a hardware initialization of the computing device according to a setting, establish a local trust domain and a remote trust domain, use a local-access public key to issue a challenge via the user interface to grant local access to the setting, and use a remote-access public key to grant remote access via the network interface to remote access to the setting.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for establishing personal connections between blinded secure non-random interested users. In an embodiment, at least one processor may be configured to execute instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving a first input from a first user comprising first identification parameters associated with a second user; receiving a second input from the second user comprising second identification parameters associated with the first user; determining a match based on the first and second inputs; and based on the determined match, notifying at least one of the first or second users of the determined match.

Abstract: User system authentication includes a service infrastructure system receiving, from the user system, an authentication request including a user account identifier, generating a first validation code by performing a hash algorithm on the user account identifier and a first timestamp associated with the authentication request, sending to an email account associated with the user account identifier, an email message including the first validation code, receiving from the user system, a verification code, in response to receiving the verification code, generating a second timestamp, validating the second timestamp, in response to determining that the second timestamp is valid, generating a second validation code by performing the hash algorithm on the user account identifier and the first timestamp associated with the authentication request, comparing the verification code and the second validation code, and authenticating the user system, in response to a determination that the verification code and the second v

Abstract: A computerized method supporting SSL-based or TLS-based communications with multiple cryptographically protected transmissions is described. Responsive to a first transmission including a first content encrypted with a public key of an intended recipient and a first digital signature for use in detect tampering to the first content, a second transmission is received. The second transmission includes a combined result including the first content and a second content, which is encrypted with a public key of the sender. Recovery of the first content verifies to the sender that the second transmission originated from the intended recipient. Thereafter, a third transmission is sent. The third transmission has data including at least the second content, being the remaining data after extraction of the first content from the combined result, which is encrypted with the public key of the intended recipient and a third digital signature for use in verifying non-tampering of the data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for decryption of payloads are disclosed herein. In various embodiments, systems and methods herein are configured for decrypting thousands of transactions per second. Further, in particular embodiments, the systems and methods herein are scalable, such that many thousands of transactions can be processed per second upon replicating particular architectural components.