Abstract: A method for providing aligned editorial corrections to a database is discussed. The method includes receiving a first text in a language and organizing the first text into one or more sentences. The method further includes editing a copy of the first text to create a second text. The second text is in the language of the first text. The method further includes aligning the sentences of the first text with corresponding sentences of the second text storing the aligned sentences on a computer readable medium. A system for providing a data structure having aligned editorial corrections is also discussed. The system includes an alignment component for receiving a first text and organizing the first text into sentences. The system also includes a user interface configured to provide a second text, wherein the second text is an edited version of the first text in the language of the first text.

Abstract: A method for automatically embedding information in a digital text, said method comprising: identifying a plurality of positions, in said digital text, that are suitable for introducing modifications into said digital text; identifying modifications suitable for introduction into at least some of said suitable positions in said digital text; selecting at least some of said identified modifications for introduction into said digital text, said selection of said modifications being operable to represent said information; and performing said selected modifications on said digital text, thereby to embed said information.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining whether a target text-string is correctly spelled is provided. The target text-string is compared to a corpus to determine a set of contexts which each include an occurrence of the target text-string. Using heuristics, each context of the set is characterized based on occurrences in the corpus of the target text-string and a reference text-string. Contexts are characterized as including a correct spelling of the target text-string, an incorrect spelling of the reference text-string, or including an indeterminate usage of the target text-string. A likelihood that the target text-string is a misspelling of the reference text-string is computed as a function of the quantity of contexts including a correct spelling of the target text-string and the quantity of contexts including an incorrect spelling of a reference text-string. In one application, the target text-string is received in a search query, the search executed following a spell-check.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with a disambiguation routine that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able to perform a spell check routine during input of a text entry and to learn and automatically correct mistakes typically made by the particular user.

Abstract: A document is spelling and/or grammar checked and the errors are identified. The spelling and/or grammar errors are organized into groups of similar spelling and/or grammar errors. The groups of spelling and/or grammar errors are then presented for display to a user. The user can then view and spell and/or grammar check a whole group and/or individual errors in the group. The system also allows for spelling and/or grammar checking of multiple documents at the same time. Checking of multiple documents is accomplished by a user interface that can check multiple documents serially or in parallel. This provides a robust mechanism for managing spelling and grammar checking of directories of documents and groups of documents. In addition to checking text documents, the system and method allow spelling and/or grammar checking of non-text documents, web pages, and other types of documents.

Abstract: A input method selects a character from a plurality of characters of a logographic script, and identifies characters proximate the selected character. One or more candidate characters are then selected based on a composition input and the proximate characters.

Abstract: A method for normalizing query words in web search includes populating a dictionary with join and split candidates and corresponding joined and split words from an aggregate of query logs; determining a confidence score for join and split candidates, a highest confidence score for each being characterized in the dictionary as must-join and must-split, respectively; accepting queries with words amenable to being split or joined, or amenable to an addition or deletion of a hyphen or an apostrophe; generating, based on the accepted queries, split candidates obtained from the dictionary, and candidates of join, hyphen, or apostrophe algorithmically; and submitting to a search engine the generated possible candidates characterized as must-join or must-split in the dictionary, to improve search results returned in response to the queries; applying a language dictionary to generated candidates not characterized as must-split or must-join, to rank them, and submitting those highest-ranked to the search engine.

Abstract: A translation method for properly recognizing and automatically translating a sentence containing an emphasized word including two or more successive identical characters. First, words in a source text to be translated are looked up in a dictionary (step S201) to determine whether the text includes an unregistered word (step S203). Then, it is determined whether an unregistered word contains successive identical characters (step S205). If it contains successive identical characters, the number of the characters is reduced (step S207) and determines whether a modified word thus obtained is contained in the dictionary (step S209). If it is determined that the modified word is contained in the dictionary, the unregistered word is determined as the modified word (step S215), the part of speech and the attribute of the modified word are determined (step S217), and the unregistered word is replaced with the modified word to make translation.

Abstract: A system for adding words to an online dictionary used for spellchecking is described. A spellchecker module compares words of an electronic document with words in the online dictionary and identifies a word in the electronic document that is missing from the dictionary. After a user indicates a desire to add the missing word to the dictionary, the spellchecker module determines at least one related-word form of the missing word. The related-word forms depend upon the part of speech of the missing word. The spellchecker can prompt the user to identify the part of speech and then to verify each determined related-word form. The spellchecker concurrently adds the missing word and at least one related-word form of the missing word to the online dictionary in a single ‘add-to-dictionary’ operation.

Abstract: Spell checking of a document in a network browser based application is performed automatically. Spell checking may be performed in a content page in response to user editing of the document text. Text entered into a document through a browser application interface is divided into nodes. The nodes may be associated with a section, line or word of text. Each node may be assigned one or more parameters which may indicate whether the node has been spell checked or not. Selected nodes are sent to a spell check service for spell checking. Correction information is received in response to the spell check request. Once a client device receives the correction information, words within the text range of the document that match identified misspelled words are processed. In one embodiment, matching words are highlighted with a visual indicator to indicate that they may be incorrectly spelled.

Abstract: An improved handheld electronic device and associated method employing an improved spell checking routine enable proposed spelling corrections having a close logical proximity to an active input to be output at a position of preference for easy selection by the user. By way of example, a base character and the various accented forms thereof can be said to have a logical proximity to one another that is closer than their logical proximity to any character having a different base character, whether additionally having a diacritical element or not.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with a disambiguation routine that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able to perform a spell check routine during input of a text entry and to learn and automatically correct mistakes typically made by the particular user.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, and media to perform operations on filtered components of documents are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a method of performing an operation on selected components of an electronic document using at least one criterion to filter selected parts from other parts of the electronic document. In some embodiments, the method includes analyzing the electronic document to generate the filtering criteria. One embodiment includes presenting a list of filtering criteria to a user, whereupon the user may choose one or more criteria. Other variations of embodiments generally include apparatuses, systems and media that allow a user to choose specific text fonts, text styles, text entry dates, and text entry authors as filtering criteria, for such operations as spell checking, grammar checking, printing, and copying the document components, or text.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for checking grammar and usage using a flexible portfolio of different mechanisms, and automatically providing a variety of different examples of standard usage, selected from analogous Web content. The system can be used for checking the grammar and usage in any application that involves natural language text, such as word processing, email, and presentation applications. The grammar and usage can be evaluated using several complementary evaluation modules, which may include one based on a trained classifier, one based on regular expressions, and one based on comparative searches of the Web or a local corpus. The evaluation modules can provide a set of suggested alternative segments with corrected grammar and usage. A followup, screened Web search based on the alternative segments, in context, may provide several different in-context examples of proper grammar and usage that the user can consider and select from.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for automatic dissemination of spelling rules within working groups. Exemplary embodiments include a method for automatic dissemination of spelling rules within working groups having a sender computer and a recipient computer, the method including composing a document on the sender computer, performing a spell check on text within the document, identifying a word flagged by the spell check as being absent from a dictionary associated with the spell check and with the sender computer, adding the flagged word to the dictionary associated with the sender computer, tagging the flagged word with an indication that the flagged word is to be added to a dictionary associated with the recipient computer in response to the document being received in the recipient computer, storing the indication within the document and sending the document to the recipient computer.

Abstract: An improved mobile electronic device and method enable the outputting of proposed spelling corrections that are based upon a location of a cursor at or adjacent a character of a text entry. Advantageously, therefore, the proposed spelling corrections that are output in a window on a display can be fewer in number and thus more readily reviewable since some valid spelling corrections may be suppressed from such a window if they do not additionally include a character difference from the potentially misspelled text entry that is relevant to the location of the cursor.

Abstract: A system and method for issuing commands to an application based on contextual information. A control application receives an indication that a text manipulation event has occurred in a user interface of a second application. Next, the control application queries the second application to obtain contextual information established by the second application prior to the event, the contextual information providing context to the text manipulation event that occurred in the user interface of the second application. The control application then issues one or more commands to the second application based on the contextual information providing context to the text manipulation event.

Abstract: Word recommendations are provided in response to text input. For a particular text input, possible word recommendations are identified based on the characters of the input and corresponding neighbor characters on a keyboard layout. The possible word recommendations are scored based on how closely they match the input word on a character-by-character basis, and a subset of the possible word recommendations are selected for presentation to the user.

Abstract: An improved handheld electronic device and associated method employing an improved spell checking routine enable proposed spelling corrections having a close logical proximity to an active input to be output at a position of preference for easy selection by the user. By way of example, a base character and the various accented forms thereof can be said to have a logical proximity to one another that is closer than their logical proximity to any character having a different base character, whether additionally having a diacritical element or not.

Abstract: A method, an article of manufacture and apparatus for providing user-specific error analysis for a document. Specifically, the invention provides for identifying user-specific proclivities for confusing particular words which, while grammatically correct, are not used as intended by the user. The proclivities are tracked by recording changes made by the user while editing a document. The information collected while tracking the changes is then used to identify problem words to the user at a later period in time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention concern a way of using geographic-phonetic strings, such as modified geographic-phonetic strings, for constructing a geographic database for use with geographic applications.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for representing and controlling documents including rich text for Web based applications and browsers is provided so that editing of rich text can be facilitated within the browsers. The rich text is represented in a memory structure so that various formats may be flexible maintained. Text, images, tables, links and the like are represented in the memory structure, which may be maintained in databases for eventual editing. A controller class and subsidiary classes represent the rich text and provide methods to convert html to the memory structure and back, representing the rich text in a relational database, retrieving the rich text from a relational database, and presenting the rich text for editing. A spell checking facility for the rich text is included.

Abstract: A graphical user interface for a semantic normalizer of natural language comprising: a link to a preference menu, in which a user may set the semantic normalizer to operate in a predictive or learning mode; an input textbox disposed to display user-typed text in a first font color and user-spoken text in a second font color; a semantic echo textbox disposed to display semantically normalized text in a third font color, wherein the first, second, and third font colors are different from each other; graphical buttons that are only enabled when the semantic normalizer is in learning mode, wherein the graphical buttons may be selected by the user after the user has been prompted by the semantic normalizer to verify the accuracy of the semantically normalized text, the graphical buttons comprising a “Yes” button, a “No” button, and an “Enter Correction” button.

Abstract: Determination of proximity measurements indicative of respective intended inputs are disclosed. User inputs are received, where each user input is one of a predefined plurality of inputs that each map to multiple characters in a language. Rates of user selections of candidates decoded from the user inputs into the language are received, where each of the candidates includes one or more characters in the language. User inputs for the candidates having low rates of selection as non-selected user inputs are identified. User inputs for the candidates having high rates of selection as intended inputs are identified. The intended user inputs to the non-selected user inputs are compared to identify one or more misspelled input and intended input pairs. A proximity measurement for each misspelled input and intended input pair is determined based on a ratio of the number of times corresponding candidates for the misspelled input were not selected to the number of times the misspelled input was entered.

Abstract: Grammatical element prediction is used to predict grammatical elements in text fragments (such as phrases or sentences). In one embodiment, a statistical model, using syntax features, is used to predict grammatical elements.

Abstract: A system receives a term from a device, where the term is input into the device via an input device. The system changes a spelling of the term based on a geometry of the input device.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with a disambiguation routine that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able to perform a spell check routine during input of a text entry. The spell check routine subjects a text entry to a sequentially ordered series of spell-check algorithms and ceases subjecting the text entry to further spell-check algorithms upon identification of a predetermined quantity of spell-check language objects.

Abstract: A word entered into a document interface is recorded. The document interface may be part of a web-based application provided through a web browser. A request for determining whether a word is correctly spelled is transmitted across a network. An indication as to whether the word is incorrectly spelled or correctly spelled is then received. The display of the word within the document interface is then transformed from a first state where the word is plainly displayed to a second state where the word is displayed with a user interface marker. The user interface marker may be configured to provide a visual indication that the word is incorrectly spelled. The operations of recording the word, transmitting the request, receiving the indication, and transforming the display of the word from the first state to the second state may be performed in the background of the web-based application without interfering with user workflow within the document interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods, media, and other embodiments associated with (non)contiguous n-gram based spell correction are described. One exemplary system embodiment includes logic for creating contiguous and non-contiguous trigrams, logic for creating an inverted index relating trigrams and the words from which they were generated, and logic for comparing trigrams associated with a word to spell check to trigrams associated with the words selected using the inverted index.

Abstract: Assistive, context-relevant images may be provided. First, text may be received. Then a spell check indication may be received and a spelling check may be performed on the received text in response to the received spell check indication. Next, in response to the performed spelling check, a misspelling indication may be provided configured to indicate that at least one word in the received text is misspelled. A selection of the misspelling indication may then be received. Then, on a display device in response to the received selection of the misspelling indication, a plurality of suggested spellings for the at least one word and an image corresponding to a first one of the plurality of suggested spellings for the at least one word may be displayed.

Abstract: System of correcting misspelled words in input text detects a misspelled word in the input text, determines a list of alternative words for the misspelled word, and ranks the list of alternative words based on a context of the input text. In certain embodiments, finite state machines (FSMs) are utilized in the spelling and grammar correction process, storing one or more lexicon FSMs, each of which represents a set of correctly spelled reference words. Storing the lexicon as one or more FSMs facilitates those embodiments of the invention employing a client-server architecture. The input text to be corrected may also be encoded as a FSM, which includes alternative word(s) for word(s) in need of correction along with associated weights. The invention adjusts the weights by taking into account the grammatical context in which the word appears in the input text.

Abstract: Described are computer-based methods and apparatuses, including computer program products, for automation of auditing claims. Data indicative of an insurance company name is received, the data comprising one or more words. The data is processed through one or more processing steps to generate processed data comprising one or more processed words. One or more candidate word strings are selected based on the one or more processed words. Matching information is associated with each of the one or more candidate word strings. Analysis information is generated for each of the one or more candidate word strings based on the associated matching information. An insurance company identifier is associated with received data based on the analysis information and one or more matching rules.

Abstract: Described are computer-based methods and apparatuses, including computer program products, for automation of auditing claims. A data file comprising make model information, insurance company information, and one or more auditable items, each auditable item comprising a word string having one or more words. The make model information is automatically translated into a vehicle identifier. The insurance company information is automatically translated into an insurance company identifier. The one or more auditable items are automatically translated into one or more groups of identifiers, wherein the one or more groups of identifiers comprises one or more part item identifiers, one or more operational item identifiers, or both. A parts audit report is automatically generated based on the one or more groups of identifiers. An operational audit report is automatically generated. A multi-point estimate is automatically generated based on the parts audit report data and the operational audit report data.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with disambiguation software that is operable to disambiguate text input. The device is structured to identify and output representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input. The device is additionally structured to identify and output representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a known spelling substitution particular to a language active on the handheld electronic device.

Abstract: Various embodiments related to the correction of typographical errors on touch displays are disclosed. One disclosed embodiment includes a portable computing device comprising a touch-sensitive display device, a logic subsystem, and memory comprising instructions executable by the logic subsystem to perform a method of correcting typographical errors displayed on the touch-sensitive display device. The instructions are executable to identify a typographical error within text displayed on the display, and upon identifying the typographical error, highlight on the display the typographical error.

Abstract: A spell checking system includes a letter spelling engine. The letter spelling engine is configured to select a plurality of candidate letter target strings that closely match a misspelled source string. The spell checking system includes a phoneme spelling engine. The phoneme spelling engine is configured to select a plurality of candidate phoneme target strings that closely match the misspelled source string. A ranker module is configured to combine the candidate letter target strings and the candidate phoneme target strings into a combined list of candidate target strings. The ranker module is also configured to rank the list of candidate target strings to provide a list of best candidate target strings for the misspelled source string.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of correction of misspelled, confused words and grammar errors in a text, as well as a computer system employing this method. The method of the invention is user-interactive, which means that, when implemented by a computer system, the interaction between the user and the system is employed with the aid of the user-system interface. In the method of the invention the method detects misspelled and confused words, where some of the detected confused words could be grammar errors, and provides user with the correction alternatives for each such word. In response, the user can chose an appropriate correction, mark the word as correct or require other correction alternatives. The user-system dialog, which is intended to improve the correctness of the text, is repeated until all the words-in-question are corrected or marked by the user as correct.

Abstract: A linguistic rewriting rule for use in linguistic processing of an ordered sequence of linguistic tokens includes a token pattern recognition rule that matches the ordered sequence of linguistic tokens with a syntactical pattern. The token pattern recognition rule incorporates a character pattern recognition rule to match characters contained in an ambiguous portion of the ordered sequence of linguistic tokens with a character pattern defining a corresponding portion of the syntactical pattern.

Abstract: Fault-tolerant systems and methods to process and correct input errors are disclosed. Original inputs can be received, each original input being defined as mapping to multiple characters in a language, each original input having one or more associated proximity measurements. Original inputs that have proximity measurements with one or more non-zero probabilities for respective intended inputs are identified as potentially incorrect original inputs. Each of the potentially incorrect original inputs is expanded to the respective intended inputs, and each of the original inputs and each of the respective intended inputs are converted to characters in the language, each of the conversions being a combination of the converted original inputs and/or the respective intended inputs. Likelihoods of conversions of the original inputs and the respective intended inputs to the characters based in part on the proximity measurements are determined, and most likely conversions are identified for presentation.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are disclosed for modifying substitution cost. A substitution cost module calculates a substitution cost between a first character of a first string and a second character of a second string. A spatial vector module calculates a spatial vector between the first character and the second character from a location of a first key representing the first character on a keyboard and a location of a second key representing the second character on the keyboard. The spatial vector module modifies the substitution cost if the spatial vector is less than a spatial threshold. An edit distance module calculates an edit distance between the first string and the second string using the modified substitution cost for the substitution cost of substituting the first character with the second character.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing text or character data are disclosed. A text processing system receives a character input string and determines whether to apply character processing. A non-English language such as Italian can be entered into a processing system such as a computer using a standard English based keyboard such that additional keys for providing accents or other grammatical and punctuation symbols or characters not existing in English are not required. In one mode, text is automatically accented or punctuated without requiring user intervention. In another mode, a user is provided with a list of accent or punctuation choices so that the user may select the optimum accent or punctuation. Text processing of an input may be activated by a text sequence including a possible vowel accent or apostrophe error, and may continue as an input method editor loop in response to repeated actuations of the key associated with the first activation event.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with a disambiguation routine that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able to perform a spell check routine during input of a text entry. The spell check routine subjects a text entry to a sequentially ordered series of spell-check algorithms and ceases subjecting the text entry to further spell-check algorithms upon identification of a predetermined quantity of spell-check language objects.

Abstract: A method and system for manipulating characters displayed on a display screen is provided wherein the method includes identifying a selected word, wherein the selected word includes at least one character to be modified. The method further includes correlating each of the at least one character with a unique numerical value and receiving a selection command and a modification command, wherein the selection command is the unique numerical value corresponding to a selected character. Furthermore, the method includes modifying the selected character responsive to the modification command to generate a modified word.

Abstract: Error checking for web documents may be provided. Text errors within a web page are identified by determining text to be error checked within content used in generating a web page and by determining where the text is located within the web page. The text is sent to an error checking module, and errors are displayed to a user.

Abstract: A system associated with a text entry application, such as email or instant messaging, comprises an optional onscreen representation of a circular keyboard, a list of potential linguistic object matches, and a message area where the selected words are entered. The circular keyboard is manipulated via a hardware joystick or game-pad with analog joystick or omni-directional rocker switch built therein. The user points the joystick in the general direction of the desired letter, and then continues pointing roughly to each letter in the desired word. Once all letters have been roughly selected, buttons are used to select a specific word from the list of potential matches and send the selected word to the message area.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and a data processing system for recognizing and correcting dyslexia-related spelling errors is provided. A word is received for evaluation of a dyslexia-related misspelling. The received word is compared with a plurality of dyslexia variants, and a match between the received word and a dyslexia variant is identified. An error rate at which dyslexia-related misspelled words are received is compared with a threshold, and the read word is evaluated as one of a correctly spelled word and a dyslexia-related misspelling of a word.

Abstract: A method of obtaining data for use on an electronic device that includes a processor and a memory, the memory having stored therein one or more routines executable by the processor. The method including receiving an e-mail address in a recipient address field of an e-mail message, identifying one or more language objects from the e-mail address, and employing one of the number of language objects in the one or more routines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of correction of misspelled and confused words in a phrase written in a natural language, as well as a computer system employing this method. The method of the invention comprises creating a fast-lookup N-gram database for context spelling combined with editing and phonetic rules, POS and grammar bindings. Employed in the computing system the method permits to achieve fast and efficient spelling correction with a high correction success level for most difficult texts. The method of the invention does not require any pre-training or pre-learning user-specific patterns of errors.

Abstract: A method, system, and article are provided for determining the source of a spelling error and teaching the rule associated with the error. The computer system is configured with a review module in communication with managers to support identification of a spelling error and associating a rule with the error. The rule is communicated to mitigate repeating the spelling error in a future spelling review.

Abstract: The present invention uses spatial dictionaries (termed locationaries), for meaningfully checking and correcting the spelling of text on Geographic Information System (GIS) maps or other computer documents containing spatially, or coordinate-, bound text. Locationaries keep track of correctly spelled words and the geographic areas within which they are considered correctly spelled. In a preferred embodiment, locationaries are feature classes, ‘map layers’ of properly-spelled words or attributed features (objects). The invention selects such features from locationaries based on spatial criteria relative to the textual objects to spell-check. It then exports the attribute values to dictionaries that can be used by conventional spell checking engines. Once all errors and suggestions are found with such an engine and within user-specified criteria, a dialog is shown that contains a row per potentially-misspelled word found. From that dialog, the user can edit the word in the original textual object of the map.