Abstract: A method of controlling windows in a terminal. The method includes displaying at least first and second windows on the terminal, inputting a command via the first window, and applying the input command to both of the first and second windows.

Abstract: An image display system includes: a plurality of image supply devices; and an image display device adapted to display one or more supply images out of supply images supplied from the respective image supply devices, wherein each of the image supply devices includes a display section, and an interface section adapted to display an operating image on the display section, the operating image being used for selecting at least one of the supply images to be displayed by the image display device and designating a layout of the images, and to transmit an instruction by a user via the operating image to the image supply devices.

Abstract: System for providing widgets on a display of a TV unit, which TV unit is provided with an internal or external Internet-enabled device which provides Internet to the TV unit, and the system includes an internal or external control device for controlling the TV unit. The Internet-enabled device is arranged for providing widgets on the display of the TV unit together with a normal TV-sending or other programs, videos, or similar, a TV-viewer desires to watch. The invention also includes a method for the same.

Abstract: A content service system including a content metadata analyzer module, a widget information acquisition module, a widget administration module, and a widget engine module is provided. The content metadata analyzer module receives a first metadata corresponding to a multimedia content, and generates a widget request or a service metadata according to the first metadata. The widget information acquisition module acquires a widget information of a first widget according to the widget request or the service metadata. The widget administration module installs and executes the first widget according to the widget information, wherein the first widget plays an extended content corresponding to the multimedia content. A content service method and a computer-readable recording medium corresponding to the content service method are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium are disclosed. An application displays a portion of a unit of information in a first window on a display, and another portion of the unit of information in a second window on the display. The first and second windows are concurrently displayed on the display. The application closes the second window on the display. The closing inserts an indicator representing the second window into the unit of information and removes the second window from the display. The unit of information does not comprise the indicator prior to closing. In response to an interaction involving the indicator, the application redisplays another portion of the unit of information in a third window on the display. The first window and the third window are concurrently displayed on the display. Prior to redisplaying, the indicator is displayed in the first window.

Abstract: In a hierarchical display structure, a high layer window contains one or more input images that serve as a window switchover region for switching into a low layer window. Each of the input images is a first correspondence image that has a unique color. When a manipulation device selects one of the input images and performs a determination input to the selected input image in the high layer window being displayed on a screen of a display device, the display on the screen is switched from the high layer window into the low layer window. The low layer window on the screen contains a background image as a second correspondence image that has a color identical to a color of the input image to which the determination input was performed in the high layer window.

Abstract: A device and method for placing the device in a locked state having an associated set of permitted tasks so as to permit the device owner to share the device with others but maintain security over aspects of the device. A task change request is evaluated to determine whether the requested task is permitted and, if so, the requested task is allowed; if not, then an authorization process is invoked to prompt the user to input authorization data. Upon verification of the authorization data, the device may be unlocked and the requested change implemented. The permitted tasks may designate specific applications, specific operations or functions within applications or at the operating system level, one or more currently open windows, and other levels of granularity.

Abstract: The techniques and mechanisms described herein are directed to a method for managing multiple content windows. The content windows may host a web browser, a shell view, a word processing application, and the like. A set of content windows are grouped into a frame in a manner such that a taskbar shows one item for the set of content windows. Each content window is associated with a tab for the frame. A content-specific menu may be associated with each tab. The content-specific menu includes a set of commands based on the heterogeneous content hosted in the content window. The set of commands provide functionality to the heterogeneous content.

Abstract: Methods and systems for viewing images. One system includes a source of images, a computer, and a screen. The computer includes a processor and a user interface module configured to generate a graphical user interface or GUI. The GUI includes a first window in which one or more of the images are displayed. The GUI is displayed on the screen and the graphical user interface module generates an output or modifies the GUI in response to user input (e.g., tap, click, etc.). In response to the input, the graphical user interface generates an image-navigation map. The image-navigation map is displayed in a foreground of the first window and the one or more images are in displayed in a background of the first window. The image-navigation map includes one or more thumbnail images of at least one of the one or more images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method to facilitate efficient and automated presentation of information to users. A decomposition component automatically decomposes an information item into sets of subcomponents in a two- or three-dimensional isometric space, and generates visualizations having interactive graphics that allow users to inspect respective subcomponents. Interface features are provided to enable hover, dwell, and clicking commands, for example, providing a variety of options to zoom in, or change configurations of the visualization in accordance with the users intentions or inferences about what they desire to see or inspect more closely. Beyond the use of decompositions into exploded views of the content of items typically viewed as singular documents, the methods can be applied to perform geometric transformations on visualizations of multiple windows and other resources based on content and activity to provide regularized visualizations of the multiple items.

Abstract: A method involves identifying, within each of a plurality of structured data strings within a data file having a serialized data format, each of the plurality of structured data strings contained within an atomic element of an atom within the data file, data particles located within substantially the same location within each structured data string and that match a pre-defined regular expression, and generating a plurality of indexed structured data strings by creating, within each of the plurality of structured data strings, a separate index across all of the plurality of structured data strings for each identified data particle matching a particular pre-defined regular expression. The method may be incorporated into a GUI, where the indexed structured data strings may be displayed to a user and the user may then provide feedback. The user feedback may be a data query, resulting in data that was otherwise not readily searchable.

Abstract: An interactive user interface is described for setting confidence score thresholds in a language processing system. There is a display of a first system confidence score curve characterizing system recognition performance associated with a high confidence threshold, a first user control for adjusting the high confidence threshold and an associated visual display highlighting a point on the first system confidence score curve representing the selected high confidence threshold, a display of a second system confidence score curve characterizing system recognition performance associated with a low confidence threshold, and a second user control for adjusting the low confidence threshold and an associated visual display highlighting a point on the second system confidence score curve representing the selected low confidence threshold. The operation of the second user control is constrained to require that the low confidence threshold must be less than or equal to the high confidence threshold.

Abstract: A system for creating and viewing simulation models that are used for managing requirements and design specifications for complex systems. Users simultaneously collaborate on the description of a complex system such as an enterprise software project throughout its life cycle. User interfaces, designed to assist in the visualization of a particular form of knowledge, allow users to describe the complex system with simple interactive elements. Information in all perspectives is presented so that it is legible and discernable to a non-technical audience. Multi-dimensional data structures record all the resulting information, creating a simulation model of the complex system, and the tasks required for construction and maintenance. Tasks are driven from the specifications not as a separate activity, but as part of the same activity to facilitate project management by allowing decisions to be tracked virtually throughout the simulation model.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium are disclosed. An application performs a close operation of windows displaying portions of a unit of information on a display. The portions of the unit of information are content of the unit of information. The close operation removes the windows from the display, and causes positioning information to be stored in the unit of information. The positioning information comprises at least one indicator of the portions of the unit of information that were displayed in the windows at a time of the close operation. The application performs an open operation. The displayed portions of the unit of information at the time of the close operation are redisplayed by the open operation in windows on the display in accordance with the positioning information in the unit of information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide a companion application via a companion application corresponding to a host window provided by a host application, the companion window providing information or metadata descriptive of data in the host window. The host application and companion applications may be separate applications such that the host application is unaware of the companion application. The companion application may hook into the host application (e.g., via an application programming interface) and may monitor host application activities and/or data. Based on identification of data or events in the host application, the companion application may obtain information characterizing or providing a context for data provided by the host application. The host window and companion window may be attached to each other, the host window providing host application data and the companion window providing data describing the host application data.

Abstract: In a method for displaying information in a motor vehicle, at least one two-dimensional object is represented graphically with the aid of a display mounted in the motor vehicle, the graphical object including a display field and an operating field. A user-interface device generates graphics data which control the display such that the display field is shown on one side of the two-dimensional graphical object and the operating field is shown on the other side of the two-dimensional graphical object, and in response to an input with the aid of an input device, an arithmetic logic unit of the user-interface device alters the graphics data such that the object in the perspective representation on the display rotates from one side to the other side. A corresponding display device is provided for a motor vehicle, and a motor vehicle may include such a display device.

Abstract: Functionality is implemented to determine that a first content presented by a first graphical user interface container is related to a second content presented by a second graphical user interface container. The first graphical user interface container and the second graphical user interface container are merged to generate a merged container that presents a merged content. The merged content comprises a first constituent content of the merged container that corresponds to the first content and a second constituent content of the merged container that corresponds to the second content. It is determined that a first action associated with the first constituent content can operate upon the second constituent content. The first action operates on the first constituent content when invoked. Computer program code that implements the first action is reconfigured to operate upon the first and the second constituent content of the merged container.

Abstract: An information display system (10) comprises computing hardware (30) coupled to a graphical screen interface. (50) The system (10) further includes one or more interface modules (70) including local data processing thereat for receiving input data streams (S1 to SN). Moreover, the computing hardware (30) is operable to execute one or more software products for generating a software environment presented in operation on the graphical screen interface (50). Furthermore, the computing hardware (30) is operable when executing the one or more software products to present a representation of one or more of the input data streams (S1 to SN) in one or more graphical windows (100, 110, 120A to 120F) within the software environment as provided on the graphical screen interface (50).

Abstract: Multi-window browsing methods and devices are disclosed. A target-object selection control command can be received by a multi-window browsing device. The target-object selection control command can be issued according to each of one or more target objects selected to be added to a multi-window browsing interface. The multi-window browsing device can determine whether a number of the one or more target objects reaches a preset value and can start the multi-window browsing interface to simultaneously display the one or more target objects on the multi-window browsing interface, when the number of the one or more target objects is determined that reaches the preset value. An exemplary multi-window browsing device can include a receiving unit, a determining unit, and a display unit.

Abstract: A property inspector with a partial functionality indicator is described that analyzes a selected group of objects within the design canvas of an ADE to determine the properties available to each of the objects and also which of the properties applies to the individual objects. The inspector interacts with a user by identifying which properties apply to only some of the selected objects. This interaction may take on any useful form of sensual identification data, such as visible, audible, or tactile indications.

Abstract: A method of managing display of a graphical user interface includes reading parameters of panes designed in the GUI, and calculating a coordinate set comprising coordinates of four vertexes of each of the panes according to the read parameters, and recording the coordinate set according to a predetermined format. The method further mark an order of each of the panes in a predetermined mode, and storing the parameter of each of the panes according to the marked order. When the GUI is displayed on a display device, the method displays the panes of the GUI according to the marked order from a storage system of the electronic device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for analyzing unstructured time stamped data. A first series of user display screens are provided, where the first series of user display screens are configured to be displayed in a step-wise manner so that a user can specify a first approach through a series of predetermined steps on how the unstructured data is to be structured. A second series of user display screens are provided, where the second series of user display screens are configured to be displayed in a step-wise manner so that the user can specify a second approach through the series of predetermined steps on how the unstructured data is to be structured. Tracking data enables alternate viewing of the first and second approach to facilitate a decision whether to format the unstructured time stamped data according to the first approach or the second approach.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring text-based communications to secure a computer is described. In one embodiment, the method for monitoring text-based communications to secure a computer includes defining at least one portion of the computer display that is associated with text-based communications and examining the at least one portion of the computer display to identify textual data within the text-based communications.

Abstract: A system for delivering advertisement units that interact with each other on a webpage is disclosed. The system includes a web browser, a web server, and an advertisement server. The web browser is configured to generate a request for a webpage. The web server is communicatively connected to the web browser and is configured to receive the request for a webpage from the web browser and send the requested webpage to the browser in response to the request. The webpage includes an ad unit request script that is configured to direct the web browser to generate a request for an advertisement unit. The advertisement server is communicatively connected to the web browser and the web server. The advertisement server is configured to receive advertisement unit requests and send a first ad unit and a second ad unit to the web browser in response to those requests. The first and second ad units are rendered by the web browser onto the webpage.

Abstract: Enabling users to select a subset of elements represented by a rendered topology view, and in response, a new view comprising the selected elements is automatically created. Preferred embodiments render this subset view, referred to herein as a “tear-away view”, alongside the topology view from which the elements were selected, thereby enabling the user to focus on the selected elements in context of the bigger picture. An active correlation is preferably maintained between the views, such that various updates to one view are also reflected in the other view. Preferred embodiments automatically create a new data model underlying the tear-away view, and in one aspect, this data model and/or tear-away view may be persisted.

Abstract: Provided is a window display system and the like, in which plural window structures are switched to be displayed on a single window. An event processing program is associated with a first window structure, and this first window structure is assigned to a basic window. By executing an event processing program, a second window structure is assigned to the basic window. By changing or updating the basic window, or by assigning the second window structure to the basic window, a drawing window is drawn. On the single drawing window, the first and second window structures and are switched to be displayed. The drawing of the drawing window is caused by window size change, window movement, change of overlapping window position, window visualization, invalidation of window drawing area, or window color change.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses ways of navigating content. For example, techniques herein can include defining a logical flow of multiple content regions in a display page, initiating display of a first content region of the multiple content regions, the first content region of the display page displayed on a display screen according to a first zoom level, and in response to receiving navigation input in the display page to view a next content region following the first content region in the logical flow, identifying a second content region that follows the first content region in the logical flow. Additionally, embodiments herein can include analyzing parameters of the second content region to determine a second zoom level for viewing the second content region and initiating display of the second content region according to the second zoom level, the second zoom level being different than the first zoom level.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to managing document interactions in a collaborative document area of a virtual world. Document interactions of avatars in the collaborative document area of the virtual world are captured by an interaction tool deployed in the collaborative document area. The document interactions are related to at least one document in the collaborative document area. The document interactions are associated with the at least one document based on a reference scheme applied to the collaborative document area by an interaction association unit.

Abstract: A method in a user interface, according to one embodiment, allows for the docking of window panels within a software application. A palette in the user interface can, in this embodiment, have three states: (i) the palette is open within a window panel; (ii) the palette is docked as a tab; and (iii) the palette is open in a area connected to the tab. User actions through the user interface can control transitions among these three states. Other methods are described, and systems and computer readable storage media are also described.

Abstract: The device (D) is dedicated to the analysis of time varying quantities. It comprises a tool for managing display windows (MA) each for displaying the representation of a selected quantity and each associated with a first quantity selection tool (01) and a second time reference(s) selection tool (02) coupled to the management tool (MA).

Abstract: Content presentation in remote sessions by reducing processing and communication bandwidth requirements for the remote sessions in an information technology environment. Content presentation includes maintaining a session window on an electronic display screen of a remote administration console for remotely monitoring a corresponding server system via a communication link, and monitoring a display status of the session window on the display screen. Based on the display status of the session window, a quantity of refresh information for the session window is selectively transmitted from a management server to the remote administration console over the communication link for display in the session window. The refresh information includes status information for the remotely monitored server system.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a first display section configured to display an image, an input receiving device configured to receive an input associated with the image, and a computer processing unit (CPU). The CPU is configured to determine a selected portion of the image based on the input, to reduce a scaling factor associated with the selected portion of the image as an amount of time that the input device continuously receives the input increases, and to apply the scaling factor to the selected portion of the image to generate a scaled image. The device also includes a second display section configured to display the scaled portion of the image.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for rendering visual effects, or other types of effects, in response to an occurrence of one or more events. The visual effects may be rendered on a user desktop in order to alert or otherwise notify a user that the one or more events have occurred. The events may reflect incoming messages (e.g., e-mails, instant messages, etc.), application and/or system problems, downloads, appointments, alarms, updates, network status, or other software and/or hardware related events. The visual effects may be rendered on the desktop to subtly notify the user when an event of interest occurs.

Abstract: A multi faceted graphic user interface with multiple shells or layers may be provided for interaction with a user to speech enable interaction with applications and processes that do not necessarily have native support for speech input. The shells may be components of an operating system or of a parent application which supports such shells. Each shell has multiple facets for displaying applications and processes, and typically speech and other input is directed the application or process in the facet which has focus within the active shell. These multiple shells lend themselves to grouping of input or grouping of related applications and processes. For example, input from a speech recognizer, a mouse and a keyboard may each be directed at different shells; or a user may group related windows within various shells, such that all documents are displayed in one shell and all windows of an instant messaging application are displayed in another, thereby enabling better organization of work and work flow.

Abstract: A portable communication terminal comprises wireless communication units 1, 2 for transmitting and receiving data by connecting to a communication line by wireless, broadcasting receiving units 3-9 for receiving digital broadcasting including a program image and data broadcasting, a communication service area determining unit 17 for determining whether or not to be in communication service area, a display unit 12 which has an image display region 23, a data broadcasting display region 24, and a soft key display region 25, a display control unit 11 for controlling display of the data broadcasting display region 24 and/or the soft key display region 25 based on at least the determination result by the communication service area determining unit 17, an access request detecting unit 15, and a wireless communication control unit 18 for controlling the wireless communication units 1,2 based on detection result by the access request detecting unit 15.

Abstract: A graphical user interface (1) and a method (20, 27) for providing access to task data objects as well as a method (37, 44) for navigating through a set of task data objects is provided. The graphical user interface (1) may comprise a reference area (2) representing a reference data object and at least one classification belt (3, 4, 10) in a concentrical arrangement. On the classification belts (3, 4, 10) at least one task area (5) representing a task data object can be displayed. The classification belt (3, 4, 10) may at least partly surround the reference area (2). The method (20, 27) for providing access to task data objects may comprise the steps of comparing data entries of task data objects with classes of data entries and the step of displaying task areas (5) on the classification belts (3, 4, 10) based on the comparison. The method (37, 44) for navigating may comprise the steps of radially or rotationally scrolling of the classification belts (3, 4, 10).

Abstract: A method to synchronize data between a spreadsheet application and a marketplace application is disclosed. The method includes receiving a request to synchronize data items between the spreadsheet application and the marketplace application, the data items relating to a type of listing of items associated with the marketplace application. Additionally, the method includes executing a process to synchronize the data items between the spreadsheet application and the marketplace application, the process to include at least one of downloading one of the data items from the spreadsheet application and uploading one of the plurality of data items to the marketplace application, the executing of the process to occur independently of the executing of the spreadsheet application. Furthermore, the method includes displaying a status of the executing of the process in a native user interface element of the spreadsheet application.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods for manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor substrate; an insulating layer located on the semiconductor substrate; a semiconductor body located on the insulating layer; a cavity formed in the semiconductor body and into the insulating layer; source/drain regions abutting opposite first side faces of the semiconductor body; gates located on opposite second side faces of the semiconductor body; a channel layer interposed between the respective second side faces and the cavity; and a super-steep-retrograded-well and a halo super-steep-retrograded-well formed in the channel layer. The super-steep-retrograded-well and the halo super-steep-retrograded-well have opposite dopant polarities.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a terminal device with an image display function that enables to effectively enhance viewability of image contents and operability of the terminal device. [Constitution] In response to input of image contents to a CPU 100 through a TV module 200, a determining section 110 acquires genre information of the image contents. The determining section 110 determines the genre based on the acquired genre information, and transmits the determination result to a display control section 120. The display control section 120 reads out, from a memory 700, a screen mode and a disposition pattern corresponding to the genre determined by the determining section 110 in accordance with the contents of a screen setting table; and sets a display area R1 and an operation area R2 in accordance with the readout screen mode.

Abstract: Embodiments are described for capturing, displaying, and navigating text annotations in a non-modifiable document. In some embodiments, a determination is made that a text annotation is to be created and a system determines the file position of the selected object. The file position of the selected object can be stored along with the created text annotation in another file or a non-read only portion of a file storing the document. Using the file position, the text annotation may be identified with the selected object without modifying the non-modifiable document. In some embodiments, once a text annotation is displayed a user may easily navigate among the captured annotations.

Abstract: A method for generating multiple windows frames, an electronic device thereof, and a computer program product using the method are provided. In the present method, first, a touch trajectory generated by continuously touching a touch panel of the electronic device is detected, wherein the center of the touch panel is a display area, and a non-display area surrounds the display area. Then, whether the touch trajectory is started from one side of the non-display area and passed through the display area to be extended to another side of the non-display area is determined. If so, the display area is split according to the touch trajectory to display at least two windows frames. As a result, an intuitional and convenient method for generating multiple windows frames in the display area is provided, and the operation of the electronic device is made very convenient.

Abstract: A group is defined by a user to include two or more different applications executed on a computing device. The group is associated with one foreground window and one or more background windows on a screen of the computing device. Images of one application selected as a foreground application is displayed in the foreground window. The applications not selected as the foreground application displays images in the background windows. The foreground window is overlaid on the top of the windows of other applications, thereby partially or totally occluding the windows of other applications in the same group. The foreground application changes with elapse of time or upon detection of an event. Therefore, the same foreground window display images for different applications in the group at different times. The number of windows cluttering a screen of the application can be reduced because the user can interact with different applications in the group using the same foreground window.

Abstract: A method for navigating posts in a discussion including parent posts and child posts, a child post being in reply to a parent post, wherein a further reply can be made to a child post and wherein multiple child posts can be made in reply to respective parent or child posts, the method including receiving posts and storing posts; arranging posts in a discussion linearly one below another; providing a parent navigator which, when actuated, causes a copy of a parent post to be inserted adjacent its child post. Some embodiment comprise providing a child navigator which, when actuated, causes a copy of a parent post to be inserted adjacent its child post. Various other methods and apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling presentation of a menu over a network are disclosed. In one embodiment, an information processing apparatus has a communication unit configured to communicate with an information-providing apparatus over the network, an input unit configured to receive input from a user of the information-processing apparatus, a storage unit storing one or more menus, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to receive, via the input unit, a selection of information for processing, to retrieve, from the storage unit, a first menu associated with the selected information, to receive, via the communication unit, a second menu associated with the selected information from the information-providing apparatus over the network, and to generate a third menu associated with the selected information based on the first menu and on the second menu.

Abstract: The techniques and mechanisms described herein are directed to a method for pinning a tab in a tabbed browser. Briefly stated, browsing software is configured to recognize a “pin” event, such as a hot key, a menu selection, and the like. Upon recognizing the pin event, the browsing software splits a display screen into a pinned window and a tabbed window. The tabbed window displays one or more open tabs and the content of the currently in focus tab. The pinned window may display content that was previously displayed within one of the tabs in the tabbed window or may display new content. The browsing software may configure the navigation of the pinned window differently than the navigation for the tabs in the tabbed window.

Abstract: Systems and methods for positioning display elements are disclosed. One aspect of the disclosed embodiments is a method of positioning a set of display elements on a display. The method includes obtaining a hierarchy of nested wrapper elements, each display element in the set of display elements located within one of the nested wrapper elements, identifying visible and hidden subsets of display elements, and positioning the visible subset of display elements adjacent to each other by translating the wrapper elements of display elements in at least one of the hidden subset of display elements or the visible subset of display elements by a pre-determined distance so that each display element in the hidden subset of display elements becomes positioned at least one of behind one or more display elements in the visible subset of display elements or outside of a visible area of the display.

Abstract: When the user enters a request for moving a viewpoint, whether or not a displayed area is encompassed in a link area that is set for an active image is kept monitored. When the displayed area is encompassed, a corresponding link is determined to be valid, and an image of a link destination mapped to the link area is displayed. Whether or not the displayed area moves outside of a link area set for an image of a link origin is further monitored. If even a part of the displayed area moves outside of the link area, a corresponding link is determined to be invalid, and the display is switched back to the image of the link origin. If none of the above-stated conditions applies, the initial image continues to be displayed while moving the displayed area according to the movement of the viewpoint within the active image.

Abstract: A framework is provided for obtaining window information. The window information can be applied to different assignment models to assign windows to different groups. A group may correspond to a task being performed by a user. The window information can be semantic or temporal information captured as window events and properties of windows whose events are captured. Temporal information can be information about switches between windows. Semantic information can be window titles. Temporal information, semantic information, or both, can be used to assign windows to groups.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and control method for displaying screen data is provided. The mobile terminal and control method may include a display unit for displaying first screen data and a controller for controlling the display unit to display at least a first popup window containing information related to the first screen data or a second popup window containing information related to the second screen data when the first screen data is changed to second screen data in response to a touch input.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method for providing user-based context to a virtual workspace includes generating a first virtual workspace viewable by a user on a graphical user interface. The virtual workspace comprises a plurality of workspace modules comprising first data aggregated from one or more data objects. The aggregated data is determined to be semantically proximate aggregated data in a second virtual workspace. User annotations assigned to the semantically-proximate aggregated data are identified. The user annotations are presented in the first virtual workplace viewable by the user.