Abstract: An event processing system for managing incoming messages from multiple fabrics to an application includes a master event processing device and a subordinate event processing device, with the subordinate event processing device having an additional data entry in the master event processing device, the additional data entry corresponding to a request for incoming messages at the subordinate event processing device. Upon detecting an incoming message corresponding to the additional data entry, the subordinate event processing device sends a request to the master event processing device for permission to process the incoming message and the subordinate event processing device processes the incoming message only when the permission is received from the master event processing device. The event processing system allows efficient processing of the incoming messages from multiple fabrics while ensuring order and progress in processing of the incoming messages.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for coordinating resources using a volatile network intermediary. Embodiments provide a mechanism for an network intermediary to facilitate a state coordination pattern between an application and a communication medium when the communication medium does not support the state coordination pattern. In some embodiments, receiving applications can make use of this network intermediary by changing the receive location. However, the receiving application may not be able to distinguish the network intermediary from a native implementation of the state coordination pattern. Further, the network intermediary does not require deployment of a persistent or durable store to coordinate state between receiving applications and the original communication medium.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for coordinating application sate and communication mediums state. Embodiments of present invention provide a mechanism for a communication medium to provide a view of message content for a message (a peek) to an application along with the communication medium preventing further access to the message (a lock) until the application signals back how to handle the message. Thus, the communication medium indicates that the message is locked for the duration of processing at the application. Indicating that the message is locked significantly reduces the chance of the message being provided to another application (or another consumer of the same application) during the time the application is processing the view of message content.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for durable exactly once message delivery at scale. A message capture system uses a synchronous capture channel and transactions to provide durable exactly once message capture. Messages are sent from the message capture system to a message delivery system over a network using an at least once transfer protocol. The message delivery system implements a durable at most once messaging behavior, the combination of which results in durable exactly once transfer of messages from the message capture system to the message delivery system. The message delivery system uses a synchronous delivery channel and transactions to provide durable exactly once message delivery. Cursors maintaining message consumer state are collocated with message consumers, freeing up message log resources to process increased volumes of messages, such as, for example, in a queued or pub/sub environment.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for configuring assurances within distributed messaging systems. A defined set of message log and cursor components are configurably activatable and deactivatable to compose a variety of different capture assurances, transfer assurances, and delivery assurances within a distributed messaging system. A composition of a capture assurance, a transfer assurance, and a delivery assurance can provide an end-to-end assurance for a messaging system. End-to-end assurances can include one of best effort, at-most-once, at-least-once, and exactly once and can include one of: durable or non-durable. Using a defined set of activatable and deactivatable message log and cursor components facilities more efficient transitions between desired assurances. In some embodiments, a composition of a capture assurance, a transfer assurance, and a delivery assurance provides durable exactly-once message delivery.

Abstract: A system and a method for displaying movable message blocks are provided, which are applicable for solving the problem that a user-friendly message block display interface cannot be provided when a user logs in a message website. By means of moving message blocks to be displayed in a first display layer and a second display layer and determining whether received operation identification information and received trigger event are consistent with one of parameters of the message blocks, the message blocks consistent with the operation identification information and the trigger event are moved to the first display layer, and the other message blocks are moved to the second display layer, thereby achieving the efficacies of browsing and operating the message blocks on the message website more conveniently and visually.

Abstract: Provided are a system and article of manufacture for duplicate message elimination during recovery when multiple threads are delivering messages from a message store to a destination queue. A plurality of message threads process operations to deliver messages from a message store to a destination queue, wherein one message thread processes one message. An in-doubt list is generated identifying messages that are in-progress of being delivered form the message store to the destination queue by the message threads. One message thread processing one message adds an entry including the message identifier and the thread identifier to a monitor queue. The message thread further adds the message to the destination queue. A recovery thread is generated in response to detecting a failure in the processing by the threads to deliver the messages from the message store to the destination queue.

Abstract: A method for certified delivery of an outgoing message or messages in a multipoint anonymous, publish/subscribe telecommunications system. The system for utilizing the method and program product is one having at least one publisher (10) and at least one subscriber (20). The method is carried out by first establishing a certified delivery session ledger. Next each outgoing message is labeled with a label including the delivery session name and a sequence number. The labeled outgoing message or messages are then sent to subscribers, and received by a subscriber. Various protocols are described.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for performing network device management and client load distribution to a number of the Common Information Model Object Manager (CIMOM) servers via a network path. A client-side server selection (CSS) utility allows a client to choose the ideal server to fulfill a CIM request message. The client transmits the CIM request message to the CIMOM server based on service response time information utilized by the CSS utility. The CIM request message is forwarded to a CIM provider for processing. The provider returns a CIM response message to the CIMOM and a service response time is generated. Thereafter, the CIMOM returns the CIM response message to the client. At a preset time period, a Service Location Protocol (SLP) advertise generation facility initiates a multicast of the service response time information (from all network CIMOM servers) to the CSS utility.

Abstract: A method for satisfying a request for an action in a virtual world includes permitting a user to request a first action for an avatar in the virtual world, wherein the avatar corresponds to the user. The method may also include determining if the first action is unavailable for the user's avatar at the time of the request. The method may additionally include permitting a user's avatar to perform another action while the first action is unavailable for the user's avatar. The method may yet additionally include determining if the first action becomes available for the user's avatar. The method may further include notifying the user that the first action is available for the user's avatar in response to the first action being determined to be available. The method may yet further include allowing the user to accept the first action. And the method may include allowing the user's avatar to perform the first action in response to the user accepting the first action.

Abstract: A system using proxy actions to handle requests for actions that are not yet registered with a broker. When an action request is received and the action is not registered in the broker, a proxy action object is created and stored on a proxy action queue. Proxy action objects stored on the queue are read periodically and a check is made as to whether the actions they refer to have been registered yet. If an action for a queued proxy action object has been registered, the action request represented by the proxy action object delivered to the appropriate service provider component. If a proxy action object remains on the proxy action queue without the corresponding action being registered before a corresponding proxy action queue element lifetime timer expires, the proxy action object is removed from the proxy action queue without the action being performed.

Abstract: A method to dynamically create an adaptive distribution list through an application of a combination of mathematical, logical and/or programmable operations to existing static distribution lists or user directories. This list is created as part of the information message sent to the entries on the distribution list. In this invention, the user or sender does not need to interface with the Group creation modification tool. Another feature of the invention is that the newly created distribution lists can be temporarily or permanently saved as designed by the sender. This invention eliminates the need to separately create distribution and then send messages to the entries on the distribution list.

Abstract: A system for managing messages on a queue is provided comprising a first module operable to read a plurality of messages from the queue and a second module operable to display the plurality of messages from the queue. A method of viewing messaging service messages is also provided. The method comprising selecting a host computer, selecting a queue supported by the messaging service, reading a message from the queue, and displaying a content of the message. Also provided is a method of testing an application which generates messages, comprising running the test application, generating a message by the test application, posting the message to a queue, selecting the queue, and reading the message on the queue to verify whether the test application is operating properly.

Abstract: Computer-executable code is automatically generated for a message flow in a message queuing infrastructure by determining a type of the message flow, inputting message flow parameters, and generating the computer-executable code based on the type of the message flow and the message flow parameters. The generation of code can also implement a design pattern, which is input based on the determined type of message flow. The computer-executable code can be, for example, Extended Structured Query Language (ESQL) code. The type of the message flow can identify, for example, a transformation requirement of the message flow. The transformation requirement can be, for example, one of (i) transformation from a first Extensible Markup Language (XML) message to a second XML message, (ii) transformation from an XML message to a Message Repository Manager (MRM) message, and (iii) transformation from a first MRM message to a second MRM message.

Abstract: A programmable logic controller (PLC) with queue function and method for the same receives a first input command from one of plurality of operation ends by a command receiving/sending unit. The command receiving/sending unit judges whether the PLC is processing a command at that moment. The processor processes the first input command and sends back reply when there is no command under processing. When the processor is processing the first input command, the command-receiving unit places a second input command into a command queue and gives a priority setting to the second input command. When the PLC finishes its current task, the PLC further processes a command in the queue with highest processing priority. Therefore, the PLC processors can process every command from the operation ends in sequential manner.

Abstract: Focusing electronic mail messages in a list of messages. Category information is received for classifying particular e-mail messages or senders of the messages in the list of e-mail messages according to a category. The method also includes setting a status data associated with each of the particular messages. The status data indicates the category classified by the user. A first instruction is received from the user for focusing the particular messages according to the category. The particular messages having the status data therewith in the list are focused collectively without altering a preexisting order of the messages in the list.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamically mapping an action of a message is disclosed. The technology initially receives a first message generated by a first Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The first message comprises an operation which is described within the message context of the first message. It is then determined that the operation corresponds to an action of a second SOA. A second message is then generated which is compatible with the second SOA. The second message comprises metadata which describes the action of the second SOA.

Abstract: Multiple and multi-part message methods and systems for handling electronic message content for electronic communications devices are presented.

Abstract: Methods to enhance browsing of messages in a message queue are disclosed. Embodiments include hardware and/or software for tracking records browsed by one or more agents. The agents can be processes designed to collect, process, and/or reformat data for an upperware application, a data warehouse, and/or similar arrangements. When agents set up communications with a queue, the agents may include an attribute setting that instructs the middleware to track the last record browsed and/or the next record to browse. In response to setting the attribute, some embodiments record the current record number, row number, queue identifier, and/or the like in a database with an agent identification (ID). Then, whenever an agent re-establishes communication with the middleware queue using the same ID, the middleware can retrieve the current record number.

Abstract: A business integration (BI) system receives business objects from a source application at an event partitioner. Event partitioner partitions received business objects into independent sets based on interdependent events, and allocates each independent group of business events to a separate event queue based a partitioning modulo reduction transformation of the independent sets to determine the correct event queue for storing a particular received business object. This transformation reduces the number of independent sets to a number of event groups equal to the number of allocated event queues. Events in different groups are delivered to an interchange server through the separate event queues so that they may be processed independently and in parallel, thus improving the overall performance of the interchange server, while guaranteeing that dependent events are processed in the correct serial order.

Abstract: A system and a method for adjusting message hold time to solve the problem that message hold time is invariable and cannot be changed are provided. The system adjusts the message hold time according to the difference in browsing speeds of a user in consecutive operations, so that the user may feel easy in operation after the message hold time is adjusted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling access to solid state memory devices which may allow maximum parallelism on accessing solid state memory devices with minimal interventions from firmware. To reduce the waste of host time, multiple flash memory devices may be connected to each channel. A job/descriptor architecture may be used to increase parallelism by allowing each memory device to operate separately. A job may be used to represent a read, write or erase operation. When firmware wants to assign a job to a device, it may issue a descriptor, which may contain information about the target channel, the target device, the type of operation, etc. The firmware may provide descriptors without waiting for a response from a memory device, and several jobs may be issued continuously to form a job queue. After the firmware finishes programming descriptors, a sequencer may handle the remaining work so that the firmware may concentrate on other tasks.

Abstract: A receive queue provided in a computer system holds work completion information and message data together. An InfiniBand hardware adapter sends a single CQE+ message data to the computer system that includes the completion Information and data. This information is sufficient for the computer system to receive and process the data message, thereby providing a highly scalable low latency receiving mechanism.

Abstract: Arrangements for enhancing browsing of messages in a message queue are disclosed. Embodiments include hardware and/or software for tracking records browsed by one or more agents. The agents can collect, process, and/or re-format data for an upperware application, a data warehouse, and/or similar systems. When the agent sets up communications with a queue, the agent may generate an attribute setting that instructs the middleware to track the last record browsed and/or the next record to browse. In response to setting the attribute, an agent identification (AID)) can be utilized to record the current record number, row number, queue identifier, and/or the like in a database. When the agent re-establishes communication with the middleware queue, the middleware can retrieve the current record number utilizing the AID.

Abstract: A method for minimizing the message flow wait time for management user exits in a message broker application. A message broker application processes a request in a request and a response message flow. The request message flow generates a request identifier, collects information about the request message flow, and stores the request identifier and information in a global data map. The response message flow uses the request identifier to access the map and read the collected information without having to acquire a lock on the map. The response message flow also collects information about the response message flow, and generates management information about the request based on the information about the request message flow and the information about the response message flow. A dedicated clean up thread in the message broker application is used to remove used items from the global data map.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for creating a data processing object associated with a communication protocol used to extract status information related to a monitored device communicatively coupled to a network, including accessing the monitored device using the communication protocol to obtain at least vendor information related to the monitored device; obtaining, from a first memory, information related to an access function for extracting the status information from an accessible data file on the monitored device; generating a string using the obtained vendor information and the obtained access function information; obtaining, from a second memory, information related to a creation function corresponding to the generated string; and creating the data processing object using the obtained creation function.

Abstract: Some embodiments of a method and an apparatus to deliver messages between applications have been presented. In one embodiment, a client supplied binding is received from a client, wherein the client supplied binding includes an XQuery or a script. A predefined binding is stored in a server, wherein said predefined binding includes an XQuery, a script, or a program, allowing the client to select the predefined binding. An exchange receives an Extensible Markup Language (XML) message from a publisher application and sends the XML message to each message queue whose binding matches the XML message.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems directed to facilitating secure, structured interactions between code modules executing within the context of a document processed by a user agent, such as a browser client, that implements a domain security model. In a particular implementation, a module connector script or object loaded into a base document discovers listener modules and sender modules corresponding to different origins or domains, and passes information between them. In this manner, a listener module may consume and use information from a sender module located on the same page simply by having an end-user add both modules to a web page without having to explicitly define any form of interconnection. For example, a photo module may access a user account at a remote photo sharing site, and provide one or more photos to a module that renders the photographs in a slide show.

Abstract: The example embodiments disclosed herein relate to application integration techniques and, more particularly, to application integration techniques built around the publish-and-subscribe model (or one of its variants). In certain example embodiments, triggers are provided for establishing subscriptions to publishable document types and for specifying the services that will process documents received by the subscription. A standards-based messaging protocol (e.g., JMS messaging) may be fully embedded as a peer to a proprietary messaging protocol provided to an integration server's trigger subsystem so that all or substantially all of the feature-rich capabilities available via the proprietary protocol may also become available via the standards-based messaging protocol. The triggers may be JMS triggers in certain example embodiments.

Abstract: An information kit object that enables generic communication patterns among components of a modular computer system environment implementing an Information Kit (advanced publish-and-subscribe software bus). The information kit object contains an identifier of the type of data contained, the actual data, and a function associated with the data and/or object. The function may be a priority value that enables the information kit object to be arranged within a queue of the information kit and issued to requesting nodes in that order. The function may also be an indicator of a level of freshness for the information kit. Object. When an object is no longer at a desired level of freshness a refresh operation is triggered, which causes the publication of another information kit object to replace the previous one. A subscription object is also provided that includes the search query listing the data object of interest to the subscribing node.

Abstract: A request to post a message to a destination is intercepted in an operating environment in which processes communicate via message queues. Message content and requester information associated with the request is evaluated to determine whether the message is to be posted. The message is posted to a message queue of the destination if the message is to be posted.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for facilitating the communication of messages between applications. Application identifiers, and corresponding outbound logical connection identifiers associated with message transfers from applications identifiable by their respective application identifiers, are acquired. Associations between the application identifiers and their corresponding outbound logical connection identifiers are established. Responsive inbound messages are directed to the applications having application identifiers that are associated with the outbound logical connection identifiers that correspond to the inbound logical connection identifiers of the responsive inbound messages.

Abstract: A system for asynchronous thread response detection in an electronic communication system. Alert messages are provided to a user who is in the process of responding to a message in a message thread. The alert messages are provided when there are new messages in the thread, including messages in thread that were received before the user started responding, and/or messages that were received while the user was composing the response. The disclosed system is advantageous in that it the responding user does not necessarily have to manually check for new thread messages prior to or while they are composing a response to a message within the thread.

Abstract: A method, system, and program product for a new intercommunication architecture in a modular computer system environment. The Information Kit is a publish-and-subscribe software bus applied as an application programming model on an embedded device. Each module of the modular computer system is connected to a virtual node on the information kit and each node operates as a subscriber/listener to the entire software bus. During setup of the module, the module sends a request to the Information Kit. An information kit manager (processor) logs the request in a register. Data (or information) is published by devices connected to other nodes of the Information Kit and the data is placed in a queue for publication to the requesting nodes. The information manager notifies the modules of the availability of the data and initiates a directed broadcast of the data to the modules requesting that particular data.

Abstract: A process receives a personalization request to personalize a communication device. Further, the process provides the personalization request to a message controller that composes a message having personalization information with a message composer engine according to a set of rules and configures one or more communication parameters for the message with a message flow control engine according to the set of rules. The set of rules indicates a distributed environment set of files that the message composer engine and the message flow control engine utilize in a distributed environment, and a centralized environment set of files that the message composer engine and the message flow control engine utilize in a centralized environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for providing and integrating high-performance message queues. “Contexts” are provided that allow independent worlds to be created and execute in parallel. A context is created with one or more threads. Each object is created with context affinity, allowing any thread inside the context to modify the object or process pending messages. Threads in a different context are unable to modify the object or process pending messages for that context. To help achieve scalability and context affinity, both global and thread-local data is often moved into the context. Remaining global data has independent locks, providing synchronized access for multiple contexts. Each context has multiple message queues to create a priority queue. There are default queues for sent messages and posted messages, carry-overs from legacy window managers, with the ability to add new queues on demand. A queue bridge is also provided for actually processing the messages.

Abstract: Provided are a method, system, and program automatic adjustment of time a consumer waits to access data from a queue during a waiting phase and transmission phase at the queue. A determination is made as to whether a queue is in a waiting phase or a transmission phase for data in response to waiting for a waiting phase wait time when initiating an operation to access data from the queue. During the waiting phase data is not available in the queue for reading. An incremental wait time is waited in response to determining that the queue is in the waiting phase. A determination is made as to whether the queue is in the waiting phase or the transmission phase in response to waiting the incremental wait time. A total wait time is recorded in response to determining that the queue is in the transmission phase. The at least one recorded total wait time is used to determine the waiting phase wait time to use when initiating the operation to access data from the queue.

Abstract: Communication between interfaces to remotely executed applications, i.e., Inter-Process Communication, may be enabled at a wireless device through the association of a message stored in an outbound message queue with an indication of a local interface to a remote application, to which interface the message is to be passed. A manager of the outbound message queue may determine whether a given outbound message is associated with a local interface to a remote application and, if so, may pass the given outbound message to an inbound processing module such that the message is received by the specified local interface to a remote application.

Abstract: Provided is a method for duplicate message elimination A plurality of message threads process operations to deliver messages from a message store to a destination queue. An in-doubt list is generated identifying messages that are in-progress of being delivered from the message store to the destination queue by the message threads. One message thread processing one message adds an entry including the message identifier to a monitor queue. The message thread further adds the message to the destination queue. A recovery thread is generated in response to detecting a failure in the processing by the threads to deliver the messages from the message store to the destination queue. The recovery thread processes the messages indicated in the in-doubt list and compares with message identifiers in the monitor queue to prevent duplicate delivery of messages to the destination queue.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a network interface card (NIC), comprising an intelligent wake mechanism and a device driver associated with the intelligent wake mechanism and configured to agree with embedded software on a set of wake codes and wake behaviors associated with the wake codes such that when the NIC encounters a wake event, the NIC first adds the wake code to a command queue, then it drives a PME pin to high to wake a device connected to the NIC.

Abstract: A method that off-loads the processing associated with responding to user status requests for software task execution queues or for queued software tasks that are managed by a software task manager. A software task manager is periodically queried for status and the results of that periodic query are stored in a file. User queries for the status of the software task manager are handled by a separate process that can operate on the same or on a separate computing node than is hosting the software task manager. Queries submitted by users for the status of queues or queued software tasks managed by the software task manager are satisfied by retrieving the status data that are stored in the file. Alternative embodiments distribute copies of the file to several computing nodes to further alleviate the processing bottleneck caused by responding to frequent task manager status queries from many users.

Abstract: Allowing queue messages to be pulled by one or more applications. A method may be practiced, for example, in a computing environment including applications configured to receive messages from queues. The method includes correlating applications to queues by correlating queue names to application locations. A queue is monitored to discover new messages in the queue. The method further includes receiving a notification that a new message has been added to the queue. An indication is provided to an activation service to allow the activation service to activate an application correlated to the queue and to allow the application to pull the new message from the queue.

Abstract: Provided are a system and article of manufacture for automatic adjustment of time a consumer waits to access data from a queue during a waiting phase and transmission phase at the queue. A determination is made as to whether a queue is in a waiting phase or a transmission phase for data in response to waiting for a waiting phase wait time when initiating an operation to access data from the queue. During the waiting phase data is not available in the queue for reading. An incremental wait time is waited in response to determining that the queue is in the waiting phase. A determination is made as to whether the queue is in the waiting phase or the transmission phase in response to waiting the incremental wait time. A total wait time is recorded in response to determining that the queue is in the transmission phase. The at least one recorded total wait time is used to determine the waiting phase wait time to use when initiating the operation to access data from the queue.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for transferring a method call from an invoke thread to an event dispatch thread. The invoke thread and the event dispatch thread may execute independent of one another and the event dispatch thread may have an associated queue. The method may include defining a new call on the invoke thread. The new call may include identification of a method, identification of an object, one or more arguments, and a coalescing indicator indicating a type of coalescing for the call. The method may further include sending, during execution of the invoke thread, the new call to the queue, one or more previous calls being stored in the queue, and coalescing the new call with one of the previous calls in the queue according to the type of coalescing indicated by the coalescing indicator.

Abstract: In one embodiment, payload of multiple threads between intellectual property (IP) cores of an integrated circuit are transferred, by buffering the payload using a number of order queues. Each of the queues is guaranteed access to a minimum number of buffer entries that make up the queue. Each queue is assigned to a respective thread. A number of buffer entries that make up any queue is increased, above the minimum, by borrowing from a shared pool of unused buffer entries on a first-come, first-served basis. In another embodiment, an interconnect implements a content addressable memory (CAM) structure that is shared storage for a number of logical, multi-thread ordered queues that buffer requests and/or responses that are being routed between data processing elements coupled to the interconnect. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing message is described. In one embodiment, an application programming interface is configured for receiving and sending messages. A building block layer is coupled to the application programming interface. A channel layer is coupled to the building block layer. A transport protocol stack is coupled to the channel layer for implementing properties specified by the channel layer. The transport protocol stack has a concurrent stack consisting of an out of band thread pool and a regular thread pool. The transport protocol layer is to process messages from each sender in parallel with the corresponding channel for each sender.

Abstract: Within a processing of a sender task, a transmission request occurs that a data item be sent to a processing of a recipient task. The data item is then once stored in a queue from which the recipient task can retrieve the data item when the recipient task is thereafter activated. When the data item is stored, it is determined whether the queue already stores another data item. When no another data item is being stored, an activation request for activating the recipient task is outputted to the operating system. When another data item is being stored, no activation request is outputted. Within the processing of the recipient task, all the data items are retrieved from the queue. This decreases the activation/termination of the recipient task, reducing the processing load.

Abstract: A method and a system-on-a-chip for the guaranteed and energy-saving transmission of event messages is provided in a distributed computer system consisting of a plurality of node computers, which are interconnected by a time-controlled communications system. The node computers establish a common time base of known precision and periodically exchange messages at a prior defined points in time. A guaranteed event message is sent in a sporadic time-controlled message (SZN). The sporadic time-controlled message transports the guaranteed event message and is sent only if the content of this sporadic time-controlled message has been changed since the last time it was sent. The receiver stores the content of an incoming sporadic time-controlled message in a queue until the receiving process has read this content exactly once in a consuming manner.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for messaging. In one aspect, there is provided a computer-implemented method. The method may include initiating a call from a first application to a second application. The method may determine whether the first application is local to the second application. A call may be made as a local call from the first application to the second application, when it is determined that the first and second applications are on the same computer. A call may be made as a remote call from the first application to the second application, when it is determined that the first and second applications are on separate computers. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for declaring concurrency of the execution of one or more processes. The processes may include messages and/or methods associated with services. Messages may post to a queue in a concurrency control. Instructions are executed responsive to the posting of the messages. Any number of instructions may be executed concurrently with an underlying state. The underlying state may further be declared by an attribute. The attribute may include a service handler and may further indicate a type of concurrency control, for example, concurrent, exclusive or teardown.