Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for providing computer implemented services using managed systems are disclosed. To provide the computer implemented services, the managed systems may need to operate in a predetermined manner conducive to, for example, execution of applications that provide the computer implemented services. Similarly, the managed system may need access to certain hardware resources and software resources to provide the desired computer implemented services. To improve the likelihood of the computer implemented services being provided, the managed devices may be managed using a subscription based model. The subscription model may utilize a highly accessible service to facilitate system management. To facilitate system management, the highly available service may take into account both historic use of managed systems and changes to subscriptions to ascertain point in time when subscription limits may be reached. The identified points in time may be used to drive management decisions.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally discloses an event handling capability configured to support handling of events. The event handling capability may be configured to support handling of events in a distributed event handling system, which may use distributed queuing of events, distributed processing of events, and so forth. The distributed event handling system may be serverless cloud system or other type of distributed event handling system. The event handling capability may be configured to support handling of events in a distributed event handling system based on use of a message bus for queuing of events and based on use of hosts for queuing and processing of events.

Abstract: A first package corresponding to a first system and a second package corresponding to a second system are downloaded from a center device, and an update data is extracted from the first package and the second package. An electronic control device as a write target installs the update data and activates the update data after an install of the update data is completed. All electronic control devices as a first write target corresponding to the first system and all electronic control devices as a second write target corresponding to the second system are instructed at a same timing to activate the update data after completing the install of the update data in all the electronic control devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems, software, and computer implemented methods for bundling line item based events in an event-driven architecture. One example method includes receiving, at a message outbox of a first microservice, a new line-item based event. A determination is made as to whether a compatible open event bundle can be located. In response to locating the compatible open event bundle, the compatible open event bundle is updated to include the new line-item based event. In response to determining that the compatible open event bundle cannot be located, the compatible open event bundle is created as a new open event bundle and the new open event bundle is updated to include the new line-item based event. The compatible open event bundle is closed in response to a closing condition. A bundled event message is generated and sent to a second microservice.

Abstract: A method for performing data access control of a memory device with aid of a predetermined command and associated apparatus are provided. The method may include: utilizing the memory controller to receive a first single command from a host device through a transmission interface circuit of the memory controller; and in response to the first single command conforming to a predetermined format of the predetermined command, utilizing the memory controller to perform a series of operations according to the first single command, wherein the first single command represents a first migrate command, for migrating from a first source logical address to a first destination logical address. The series of operations may include: reading first data at the first source logical address; writing the first data at the first destination logical address; and controlling the memory device to make the first data at the first source logical address become invalid data.

Abstract: Example implementations include a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for processing excess event messages using a mobile application, comprising rendering, via the mobile application, a first view displaying first state information of a control panel configured to receive event information from one or more sensors in a physical location. The implementations further include controlling, data flow of a plurality of event messages generated by the control panel. Additionally, the implementations further include selecting one or more event messages of the plurality of event messages from the processing queue based on a dispatch timer and a dispatch threshold. Additionally, the implementations further include generating a second view based on processing of the one or more event messages and blocking processing of the processing queue. Additionally, the implementations further include rendering the second view displaying second state information of the control panel.

Abstract: Event data of a first entity is accessed. The first entity has been flagged as having a predefined status. The event data corresponds to a plurality of events involving the first entity that occurred within a predefined first time period. Based on the accessing of the event data, behavioral data of the first entity is generated. The behavioral data is formatted as a data sequence. A machine learning model is trained using the behavioral data of the first entity as training data. Using the trained machine learning model, a determination is made as to whether a second entity has the predefined status.

Abstract: The present invention allows clinical trial organizers to operate a platform for creating trial specific custom mobile applications at a price point that would not be possible if the application were created by programmers on a trial-by-trial basis. The invention shortens build time by creating a hierarchy of questions that changes the next question posed to the user based upon their answer to a previous question thereby reducing the number of questions the user must answer while providing the application creation platform with the detailed information relevant to a specific clinical trial. The platform uses a simulation builder that provides a test version of the application to the user mobile device during the application creation process thereby allowing the user to see the layout of the application as they progress through the building process. While building the application, the user can create a simulated version of the application in real time deliver the same to the mobile device of the user.

Abstract: A cause analysis and remediation engine (CARE) can perform an analysis of inputs characterizing aspects of the system at the time an alert is generated in order to determine causes and remediation actions for the alert. The CARE can automatically detect and analyze inputs including configuration information, compliance information, and workload and performance information to determine one or more expected causes of the alert and one or more corresponding remediations that can be taken. The CARE can include a rules engine and a remediation service. The rules engine can include one or more trained models, such as trained machine learning models, each using rules to recognize inputs denoting a particular expected cause of the alert. The models can be decision trees trained using supervised learning. The remediation service can map one or more expected causes determined by the rules engine to the one or more corresponding remediations.

Abstract: Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, and machine readable mediums which provide for customized alerts for a user. Alerts may be described by a set of alert parameters. Alert parameters include the type of alerts, the frequency of alerts, and the content of the alerts. While the alert parameters may initially be set based upon the users explicitly entered preferences, the system may monitor one or more indicators to dynamically adjust one or more of the alert parameters. As the indicators allow the automated portfolio management system to respond to the needs of a user, these alerts may increase the personalization of automated portfolio management systems.

Abstract: A solution is proposed for controlling access to computing resources. A corresponding method comprises receiving and verifying an access request for accessing the computing resources by a secondary computing environment (isolated from the computing resources). A main computing environment (isolated from the secondary computing environment) detects an indication of a positive result of the verification of the access request; in response thereto, the main computing environment verifies an integrity condition of the secondary computing environment and then authorizes the secondary computing environment to access the computing resources accordingly. A computer program and a computer program product for performing the method are also proposed. Moreover, a system for implementing the method is proposed.

Abstract: Embodiments may facilitate event processing for an ABAP platform. A business object data store may include a RAP model, including a behavior definition, for a business object. A framework may automatically transform the behavior definition of the RAP model into a producer event vian event binding and a cloud event standardized format. Information about the producer event may then be passed to an ABAP application associated with a pre-configured destination at an enterprise business technology platform. In some embodiments, a standalone API enterprise hub data store may contain an event specification. An ABAP development tenant of a business technology platform may automatically parse the event specification and translate the parsed information into high-level programming language structures that reflect an event type at runtime. An event consumption model may then be generated based on the event type.

Abstract: A middleware, for providing an interconnection between heterogeneous applications, receives a first HTTP POST request that includes a header and a body. Then, the middleware creates a HTTP GET request using the header. The middleware establishes a secure connection with an authorization server, and submits the HTTP GET request to the authorization server asynchronously. The middleware receives a response to the HTTP GET request regarding a validation of identifiers in a query string of the HTTP GET request, and decrypts a username and a password using the identifiers in response to the identifiers located in the authorization server. The middleware serializes an output of the decrypted username and the decrypted password in a Java Script Object Notation (JSON) format, and places the output in a body of a second HTTP POST request. The middleware responds the second HTTP POST request to a data server.

Abstract: This application relates to automatic processes that service data requests for information related to an item during varying temporal periods. For example, a computing device receives first attributes for an item, and generates a first surrogate key and a first super surrogate key based on the first attributes. Further, the computing device generates a first entry within a first table that includes the first surrogate key and the first super surrogate key. The computing device joins the first table to a second table based on natural keys. The computing device also receives second attributes for the item, and generates a second surrogate key for the item based on the second attributes. Further, the computing device generates a second entry within the first table that includes the second surrogate key and the first super surrogate key. The computing device also adjusts the first super surrogate key within the first entry.

Abstract: Server-specified subscription filters for long-lived client requests to fetch data in response to events. In one aspect, the techniques encompass a method performed by a set of one or more computing devices. The method includes the step of receiving a long-lived request to fetch data in response to events sent by a client computing device. The method further includes receiving a server-specified subscription filter for the long-lived request and executing the long-lived request. Executing the long-lived request includes creating a persistent function that uses the server-specified subscription filter to map a source event stream to a response event stream. The response event stream is provided to the client computing device. The server-specified subscription filter facilitates filtering of events fetched for the long-lived request in a way that may not be possible or impractical if the subscription client were required to specify the filter in the long-lived request.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments for providing batch performance using a stream processor. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed comprising receiving, at a stream processor, an event, the stream processor including a plurality of processing stages; generating, by the stream processor, an augmented event based on the event, the augmented event including at least one additional field not appearing in the event, the additional field generated by an operation selected from the group consisting of a join or dimensional annotation operation; and emitting, by the stream processor, the augmented event to downstream consumer.

Abstract: A medical system includes a medical device configured to provide device-related data for evaluating the reasons for an alarm in order to trigger appropriate countermeasures. The medical device includes a set of sensors, a display, and a processor. The processor is configured to generate an alarm message in response to the alarm signal provided by the set of sensors, detect a set of machine parameters in response to generating the alarm message, generate or obtain an encoded data package representing the set of detected machine parameters in a compressed format, and generate a mixed-type alarm convolute based on the alarm signal provided by the set of sensors. The alarm convolute comprises the alarm message in a readable format and the encoded data package, and the processor is configured to issue the alarm convolute on the display.

Abstract: Disclosed are platforms for communicating among one or more otherwise independent systems involved in controlling functions of buildings or other sites having switchable optical devices deployed therein. Such independent systems include a window control system and one or more other independent systems such as systems that control residential home products (e.g., thermostats, smoke alarms, etc.), HVAC systems, security systems, lighting control systems, and the like. Together the systems control and/or monitor multiple features and/or products, including switchable windows and other infrastructure of a site, which may be a commercial, residential, or public site.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods, non-transitory computer readable media, and systems that relay domain-event objects within an enhanced multi-platform data stream to listen for and react to digital events indicated by the domain-event objects that occur across a wide variety of computing platforms. Specifically, the disclosed systems can receive domain-event objects within the multi-platform data stream. From among the domain-even objects transmitted through the multi-platform data stream, the disclosed systems can identify a domain-event object that is relevant to a digital-analytics platform by identifying domain-event objects that include properties satisfying domain-event-listener rules. Based on an entity identifier and an object event from the relevant domain-event object, the disclosed systems can perform a platform action within the digital-analytics platform (e.g., to react to a change in another platform as indicated by the domain-event object).

Abstract: A system for managing business to business communications may include an event generation unit configured to create a first event based on receiving a purchase order from a client. The system may also include an event detection unit in communication with the event generation unit, the event detection unit configured to detect the first event. The system may also include an action unit in communication with the event generation unit. The action unit may be configured to determine a first action to perform based on the detection of the first event, and perform the first action. The event generation unit may be further configured to create a second event based on the performance of the first action.

Abstract: High-throughput BPF map manipulations with uprobes are disclosed. A method for manipulating a Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) map comprises running a user program in a user space of a computing environment. The user program includes a trigger function. A corresponding kernel BPF probe is installed by the user program on the trigger function. The kernel BPF probe is triggered by reaching a memory address of the trigger function in the user space. The trigger function includes one or more arguments that the BPF map agent interprets as operation parameters. The BPF map agent performs one or more operations to manipulate a BPF map in the kernel space based on the operation parameters.

Abstract: A resource conservation system, including a determination processor may be provided. The determination processor may identify a characterization output that characterizes a plurality of data structures. The characterization output may be based on plurality of inputs. The inputs may be processed through a plurality, or cascade, of artificial intelligence models both in sequence and in parallel. A numerical value may be identified for each data structure. The value may identify a degree of certainty that the determination processor accurately characterized each data structure. When the degree is above a threshold, the determination processor may identify a subset of inputs that most contributed to the characterization output. The determination processor may execute an equation to identify a subset of inputs that most contributed to the output. The equation may involve inputs and/or outputs of each of the cascade of models. Identified inputs may be ranked based on contribution to the outcome.

Abstract: Examples of an apparatus and method for provisioning a service are described. Descriptors are described that represent the service. These are accessed and used to determine a reference required to implement the service. The reference indicates a type of entity and an entity to be passed to a function. The descriptor for the service is instantiated to obtain an instance of the service. This includes obtaining an instance of the type of entity indicated by the reference.

Abstract: Techniques for managing a file system involve: receiving an event published by the file system, the event being associated with an operation on an object in the file system; determining a value of a counter corresponding to the event based on execution information of the operation; determining a target action corresponding to the value of the counter based on a trigger strategy associated with the counter, the trigger strategy defining at least one action that can be triggered by the counter; and generating an indication for causing the file system to execute the target action. Accordingly, file system management in finer granularity can be provided.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of techniques or systems for intelligent data presentation are provided herein. Data can be presented on similar devices having different characteristics in different manners. For example, data may be rendered in a first manner on a first device having one monitor, the same data may be rendered in a second manner on a second device having two displays or a different display size. Financial information, sales data, banking information, etc. may be presented in a variety of ways based on capabilities or properties of a device accessing the information or data. Similarly, renderings may be selected based on interaction capabilities or interaction options a user may have with different renderings or presentations. In other embodiments, user interaction with an automated teller machine (ATM), call center, vehicle, or other interface can be based on device properties or device capabilities.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to detecting cybersecurity attacks in data processing systems. Methods, systems, and computer program products perform operations including determining baseline event clusters using baseline event data obtained from deterministic target systems. The operations also include determining a baseline cumulative trajectory of an event over time based on the baseline event clusters. The operations further include determining operational event clusters using operational event data from the deterministic target systems. Additionally, the operations include determining an operational cumulative trajectory of the event over time based on the operational event clusters. Further, the operations include detecting a cyber-attack by comparing the baseline cumulative trajectory of the event with the operational cumulative trajectory of the event.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for active queue management in user space networking stacks. Unlike prior art monolithic networking stacks, the exemplary networking stack architecture described hereinafter includes various components that span multiple domains (both in-kernel, and non-kernel). For example, unlike traditional “socket” based communication, disclosed embodiments can transfer data directly between the kernel and user space domains. Additionally, user space networking stacks require a new flow control methodology that is responsive to networking congestion and/or packet loss. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure introduce a flow advisory table that may, for example, utilize an eventing methodology for active queue management in addition to, or alternatively then, legacy active queue management. Exemplary systems can support multiple networking protocol stack instances (including an in-kernel traditional network stack) as well as flow advisory tables (and legacy active queue management).

Abstract: Techniques for tokenizing software applications (apps) and for providing application functionality using webpage non-fungible tokens (NFTs). A method includes encoding a webpage associated with apps into portions of code. Each portion of code causes tasks of the respective apps to be performed when executed by a device. The method also includes creating a database including at least webpage nodes and NFT nodes in which the encoded portions of code are stored among the nodes, one of the webpage nodes is associated with the webpage, one or more of the NFT nodes is connected to the webpage node that is associated with the webpage, and each of the NFT nodes corresponds to one of the apps. The method also includes providing the portions of code to a device authorized by an owner of the NFT node, thereby delivering the code for providing application functionality to the authorized device.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques for integrating external sensors to an edge device, such as for ingesting data into a data intake and query system. The edge device has an internal message broker for communicating with internal (e.g., preconfigured, recognized) sensors, and an external message broker for communicating with external (e.g., customer-configured, otherwise unrecognized) sensors. The external message broker provides access to customer configuration of external sensors, but is logically quarantined from the internal message broker to prevent unwanted customer access to internal configurations. The internal and external message brokers interface only via a bridging service that transforms external sensor data into data based on customer-configurable transformations. The transformed data can be handled by the edge device and/or downstream components (e.g., a data intake and query system) in the same manner as internal sensor data.

Abstract: A messaging system comprises: one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable mediums storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors, cause the messaging system to perform operations. The operations comprise: receiving a message; displaying an in-application notification of the received message; displaying the received message upon receiving a user command in response to the displayed notification; the user command comprising touching the notification on a screen; wherein the displaying the received message displays the message in an upward motion from a bottom of the screen.

Abstract: A system for querying a state of aggregate N or creating a projection comprises an interface and a processor. The interface is configured to receive request to query the state of the aggregate N or to create a projection up to a target event and receive a client key. The processor is configured to rehash each event input data of the aggregate N with its corresponding sequence number and a prior event signature to generate a hash value; reencrypt the hash value using the client key to create a check signature; determine whether the check signature is equal to the prior event signature; in response to each check signature being equal to the prior event signature, replay the events of the aggregate N to generate and provide the state of the aggregate N; and in response to a check signature not being equal to the prior event signature, indicate that the aggregate N is not valid.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for multi-event correlation. Receiving a stream of events, each leaf rule engine may detect a plurality of events from the stream that matches a characteristic for the leaf rule engine. Each leaf rule engine may identify, from the plurality of events and within a time window, a group of events that satisfies a condition for the respective leaf rule engine. A root conditions engine may receive a stream of leaf events corresponding to the group of events identified by each leaf rule engine. The root conditions engine may identify, from the received stream of leaf events and within a root time window, a collection of events that satisfies a condition for the root conditions engine. A trigger may execute an action according to the collection of events identified within the root time window.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method, system, and a software program product for assisting a user and/or managing tasks of the user, by a mobile secretary cloud application configured to operate in a mobile client device and cloud server network. The mobile secretary cloud application reads data from another software application and operates at least one of another application and a third application based on the read data. Further, Artificial intelligence is utilized by the mobile secretary cloud application for operating another application and the third application.

Abstract: A controller device manages a plurality of network devices arranged at a plurality of sites. The controller device includes one or more processing units configured to determine a stateful intent for managing a software application at the plurality of network devices and represented by a graph model and translate the stateful intent into low-level configuration data. The one or more processing units are further configured to determine, for each site, a priority index based on a site-level usage of the software application, determine, an ordered list of the plurality of sites based on the priority index for each respective site, and configure, for each respective site, and in an order specified by the ordered list of the plurality of sites, one or more network devices of the plurality of network devices that are arranged at the respective site according to the low-level configuration data.

Abstract: The system ensures database validity by obtaining a data structure representing data processing blocks and a data flow among the data processing blocks. A first data processing block includes a first data input and the second data processing block includes a second data output. The system obtains controls associated with the data structure, where a first control corresponds to the first data output, and a second control corresponds to the second data input. The system obtains data to be processed by the first data processing block, processes the data through the first data processing block, and executes the first control based on the processed data. Based on the execution, the system determines whether the processed data satisfies the first control. If the processed data does not satisfy the first control, the system generates an alert indicating a problem with the output data validity.

Abstract: A system processes data stream language expressions that combine result data streams from multiple data stream language sub-expressions. The system determines a set of fixed dimensions based on static analysis of the data stream language sub-expression. The system determines a union set representing a union of the sets of fixed dimensions. The system determines at execution time of the data stream language expression, a plurality of sets of data streams. Each set of data stream corresponds to a data stream language sub-expression from the plurality of data stream language expressions. The system correlates data streams across the plurality of sets of data streams based on the union set. The system determines result data streams for the data stream language expression by combining data values of correlated data streams.

Abstract: A data prediction subsystem stores event data indicating amounts of items removed from locations over a previous period of time and event-to-status transition rules for each location. An event is detected at a first location. The detected event is associated with a change in status of a first item. Based on the detected event and the event-to-status transition rules, an anticipated item status is determined for the first item, indicating whether the first item is believed to be present at the first location at a time during the previous period of time of the event data. Based at least in part on the anticipated item status for the first item, a prediction value is determined that corresponds to a recommended amount of the first item to request for a future time.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, devices, systems, and methods for locating, tracking, and conducting communications between care devices and networks of care facilities through local communications hubs.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for generating an event type and extending event message streaming. The generating an event type includes receiving event definition data. The disclosed technology includes an event type generator that generates scripts in a variety of languages for processing an event of the event type and event dictionary data including event schema associated with the event type. The event dictionary data represents a lightweight library package for merging into a micro service. The event type generator further registers the event type in an event message streamer thereby extending the event message streaming with the event type. The event message streamer provides an event bus that receives an event of the registered event type from a micro service for publishing. The event message streamer delivers the event in an event message to one or more micro services that subscribes to the event type for consuming.

Abstract: A first information processing apparatus (2000) determines an alternative representation (20) of an event sequence represented by a plurality of event histories (12), by use of dictionary data (30). The first information processing apparatus (2000) outputs information including the determined alternative representation (20). The dictionary data (30) indicate an event sequence and an alternative representation (20) relating to the event sequence in association with each other.

Abstract: An asynchronous distributed computing system with a plurality of computing nodes is provided. One of the computing nodes includes a sequencer service that receives updates from the plurality of computing nodes. The sequencer service maintains or annotates messages added to the global state of the system. Updates to the global state are published to the plurality of computing nodes. Monitoring services on the other computing nodes write the updates into a locally maintained copy of the global state that exists in shared memory on each one of the nodes. Client computer processes on the nodes may then subscribe to have updates “delivered” to the respective client computer processes.

Abstract: A system construction assistance program causes a computer to execute a history creation step, an input step, a storage step, a search step, and a display step of displaying action information searched. The history creation step is for receiving a plurality of pieces of setting information indicating settings of production devices and storing the setting information. The input step is for receiving an input of action information indicating an action against an abnormality. The storage step is for storing the action information and the change content of the setting information accompanying occurrence of the abnormality in association with each other. The search step is for searching, in a case of occurrence of an abnormality in the production devices, for the action information for the abnormality occurring in the production devices from among the stored action information, using as a search condition the change content of the setting information.

Abstract: A system and method for customizing communication processing within a communication platform that includes configuring a service handler, which comprises of at least setting execution code of the service handler; setting an association between the service handler and a communication event of the communication platform; detecting the occurrence of the communication event of a communication facilitated through the communication platform; invoking the service handler in response to the event, which comprises: executing the execution code in a serverless execution environment and generating a service handler response; and augmenting the communication in accordance with the service handler response.

Abstract: Disclosed are platforms for communicating among one or more otherwise independent systems involved in controlling functions of buildings or other sites having switchable optical devices deployed therein. Such independent systems include a window control system and one or more other independent systems such as systems that control residential home products (e.g., thermostats, smoke alarms, etc.), HVAC systems, security systems, lighting control systems, and the like. Together the systems control and/or monitor multiple features and/or products, including switchable windows and other infrastructure of a site, which may be a commercial, residential, or public site.

Abstract: A GraphQL server stores schemas for GraphQL APIs in a schema store, the schemas defining operations, types and fields of the APIs. Field resolvers are associated with the fields of the APIs to specify which of the data source is to be used to fulfill an API query request. When an event is detected that makes changes to a schema of any of the data sources, the schema store is accessed and an old field name is automatically replaced with a new field name in both the retrieved schemas and the field resolvers mapped to the retrieved schemas. Responsive to receiving an API request, it is determined whether the request has any field names that do not match the corresponding schema, and if so, the old field name is replaced with the new field name in the request.

Abstract: A method may include defining a rule identifying an event that triggers a change in a value of a metric. The defining of the rule includes generating a subscription to receive the event from an event stream. Occurrences of the event identified by the rule may be detected based on receiving the event from the event stream. In response to each occurrence of the event, the value of the metric and/or the change in the value of the metric may be evaluated. A notification may be sent to a software application consuming the metric based on the value of the metric and/or the change in the value of the metric satisfying a threshold. Related systems and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: In an event-based data management system, an event having an associated identifier is received. A mapping operation is performed using the identifier to map the event to a selected one of a plurality of topic partitions. Queues for each of the plurality of topic partitions are managed. The queues for each of the plurality of topic partitions are managed independently of each other. The event is allocated to the selected topic partition based on the mapping operation. The event is placed into the queue for the selected topic partition. A batch of events is sent from the queue for the selected topic partition in response to one or more thresholds being reached.

Abstract: Example techniques described herein relate to a software application that is configured to operate as an add-on software component to audio-playback software on a playback device of a media playback system. An example implementation may involve adding the multiple audio tracks to the playback queue, and before playing back a first audio track, enabling a first add-on component to audio-playback software. The first add-on component corresponds to a first remote source and enabling this component causes a first modification to an equalization of the playback device. The example implementation may also involve before playing back a second audio track, enabling a second add-on component to the audio-playback software. The second add-on component corresponds to the second remote source and enabling this component causes a second modification to the equalization. Enabling the second add-on component disables the first add-on component if enabled.

Abstract: Methods and systems are configured for monitoring operations of a computing device by associating threads executing in a user space with kernel events in a kernel space. The systems and methods are configured for detecting a kernel event in the kernel space of the computing device; in response to detecting the kernel event, accessing, from a mapping table that maps a computing thread in the user space to a span that is active on the computing thread, a base address of a memory in the user space of the computing device, the memory storing a span identifier for each span in the user space, the span comprising one or more operations of a computing thread that is active in the user space; accessing, based on the base address, a span identifier in the memory; and associating the span identifier with the kernel event.

Abstract: A method at an electronic device having a display, the method including displaying a user interface on the display, wherein the user interface includes at least one folder icon for a folder, the folder including at least two applications; determining that at least two applications in the folder have at least one notification and at least one application in the folder has more than one notification; and appending, to the folder icon, a badge having a number, wherein the number represents a number of applications in the folder having notifications.