Abstract: A back gauge for a back gauge positioning system of a bending machine includes a stop finger on which at least one stop surface is configured, and a base unit that is configured for coupling with the back gauge positioning system. The stop finger is coupled with the base unit by a linear guide, and the stop finger can be displaced relative to the base unit between a pushed-forward working position and a retracted position. The stop finger and the base unit are coupled with a first spring element, by which the stop finger is pre-loaded into its working position, and a locking device is configured, by which the stop finger can optionally be locked in the working position or is released into its retracted position for displacement counter to the spring force of the first spring element.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of controlling strip geometry in casting strip having a rolling mill. A target thickness profile is calculated as a function of the measured entry thickness profile of the strip while satisfying profile and flatness parameters. A differential strain feedback from longitudinal strain in the strip is calculated by a control system by comparing the exit thickness profile with the target thickness profile, and a control signal is generated to control a device capable of affecting the geometry of the strip processed by the hot rolling mill. A feed-forward control reference and/or sensitivity vector may also be calculated as a function of the target thickness profile, and used in generating the control signal sent to the control device. The control device may be selected from one or more of the group consisting of a bending controller, gap controller and coolant controller.

Abstract: The present invention provides a learning method of rolling load prediction which uses a prediction error of a rolling load at an actual pass of a stock in hot rolling to correct a predicted value of rolling load at a subsequent rolling pass. The method comprises changing a gain for multiplying with the prediction error of the rolling load at the actual pass in accordance with a thickness of the stock to thereby set the learning coefficient of the rolling load prediction and improve the precision of the prediction.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine for operation such as for pressurizing a workpiece and molding products from materials by using a reciprocation mechanism comprising a hydraulic cylinder unit. The cylinder unit comprises two types cylinder chambers having different cross-sectional areas, and a third or plural cylinder chambers. Hydraulic oil sent out from a hydraulic pump driven by a servo motor, is fed through a hydraulic circuit into the cylinder unit. The shifting position of the reciprocation movement is detected, and path switching in the hydraulic circuit and revolving operation of the servo motor are controlled on the basis of the detected shifting position. In case the reciprocation movement is used for pressurizing a workpiece by a die, the hydraulic oil is fed to the cylinder chamber for forward of small cross-sectional area until slightly before the die comes into contact against the workpiece, and the die shifts at high speed relative to a workpiece.