Abstract: A method and apparatus utilizing a single progressive die to cold form a finished lead battery terminal from a lead slug. The apparatus includes a lead pickup station, a progressive die having three stations, a drop off station and a transfer mechanism. The transfer mechanism indexes the lead slug from each station to the next with each cycle of the progressive die.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ion emitter tip metals and alloys for ionizing the molecules of a gas which concurrently produces small diameter and very low numbers of unwanted particles. Specifically, the invention discloses ion emitter tip materials which, when subjected to normal operating electrical conditions of between about 0.1 and 100 microamperes per emitter tip, produces about 1 particle or less having a diameter of about 0.5 microns or less per cubic foot. Useful ion emitter tip materials include zirconium, titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium or alloys of these metals. In a specific embodiment, the metal alloys comprise zirconium and rhenium, titanium and rhenium, molybdenum and rhenium, or tantalum and rhenium. Silicon coated metal emitter tips, particularly titanium-silicon coated are disclosed. The emitter tip materials are useful to obtain Class 1 clean room standards in static air or flowing air environments used, for example, in semiconductor manufacture.

Abstract: A method for forming ports on a heat exchanger manifold, in which risers are back extruded in a single operation from the surrounding material of the manifold such that subsequent machining steps to further define and finish the port are unnecessary. The method of this invention generally includes forging the manifold between a pair of die halves so as to back extrude a localized portion of the manifold into a riser cavity in one of the die halves. Afterwards, and while the manifold remains within the die cavity, a punch is forced through the riser cavity and into the extruded portion in a direction toward the manifold so as to further back extrude the extruded portion. This step causes the raised portion to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of the punch, producing a riser having an internal bore defined by the punch and an outer surface defined by the cavity.

Abstract: A process for production of a two-part cage nut from a single metal plate. The cage nut includes a nut slidably carried on a holding part. The nut includes a base plate having a threaded sleeve. The holding part includes a holding plate having an aperture and a pair of side walls which are bent over the edge of the base plate of the nut. The process production includes stamping the holding part and nut from a single metal plate. The nut is joined to the base plate by a narrow connecting web. The base plate is then bent about the connecting web and positioned over the holding plate between the side walls. The side walls are bent inwardly until they extend over the side edges of the base plate of the nut. The nut is separated from the holding plate by shearing off the now bent over portion of the connecting web. The nut is permitted to slide between boundary tabs on a guide path between the side walls.

Abstract: A press progressive die for a metallic gasket a convex beading die 3 for forming a convex bead 10b surrounding a seal part is disposed between a piercing die 2 for a metallic plate and an external shape blanking die 4, characterized in that a plurality of slits 6 having a predetermined width corresponding to a width of a convex member 18 is bored in spaced relation on the convex beading die 3 on the female side along the pressing line opposite to a convex member 18 on the male side provided to press and mold said convex bead 10b on a metallic plate which has been subjected to predetermined piercing by mean of said piercing die 2 and progressively fed, and connecting grooves 7 having a depth required to mold a bead by said convex member 18 is bored in the same width as that of the slit 6 between the slits 6. (FIG.

Abstract: A forming die set has one or more independently operated hydraulic punch assemblies mounted directly in one of the die shoes to enable a programmed piercing pattern to be carried out at the time the workpiece is formed. Each punch assembly includes a compact self contained actuator, punch holder, stripper plate and punch retainer, with supply and return connections both made at one end of a cylinder housing with a return flow path through a tube extending through the piston. A purging system using a check valve in the supply line establishes an incremental flow back to the reservoir eliminate air bubbles. An accumulator having a charge volume detector is used to operate the punch assembly actuator.

Abstract: A hardened surface layer is formed in the region of inner and outer surfaces of a hollow material having a central through hole, then the hollow material is hot-forged into a hollow gear-like forged body by a forging die having a first die element with a piercing punch entering into the central through hole of the hollow material from one side thereof and having a second die element with a piercing punch entering into the central through hole of the hollow material from another side thereof. The forging die forms teeth of the gear on the outer side of the hollow material while producing an annular flash in the central through hole of the hollow material between the piercing punches. A distance between the piercing punches in a closed condition of the forging die defines a thickness of the annular flash which is 0.3 mm or more and no greater than 1.3 times (130%) of a depth of the hardened surface layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a timepiece wheel having a bearing portion integrally formed with a pinion and gear wheel. A strip of material is compressed to simultaneously form a thin gear, a pinion and bearing surfaces. The formed gear is then sheared from the remainder of the strip formed of a metal.

Abstract: An improved tank bottom configuration formed from a flat metal plate of square or rectangular shape is disclosed. The plate is sheared to provide two adjacent sides which are tapered along their lengths and a notch is cut in each corner portion. By the use of stop and die members, the plate member is deformed to provide a bottom wall portion which slopes downwardly toward one corner and upwardly extending side wall portions which extend around the periphery of the bottom wall portion. A drain opening and a crease are formed in the bottom wall portion, with the crease being aligned with and spaced from the drain opening.

Abstract: In order to manufacturer a tee nut by plastic working steps, a swollen portion is formed on a metal plate, a through hole is formed in the forward end surface of this swollen portion, and then the outer diameter and therewith the wall thickness of a forward end portion of the swollen portion is relatively reduced as compared to a base portion of the swollen portion. Then, the outer and inner diameters of the base portion are reduced while substantially maintaining its wall thickness. Thus, the forward end portion defines a relatively thin portion to be caulked, and the base portion defines a relatively thick female screw forming portion of the tee nut. Thus, it is possible to form a tee nut having a shaft with a uniform outer diameter and having a relatively thin forward end portion forming the portion to be caulked while the tee nut is held by the metal plate.

Abstract: A process for converting sheet stock into a seamless outer shell for a toroidal shaped hybrid inflator for air bag inflation systems. In the process a seamless toroidal shaped shell is fabricated from sheet stock by a sequence of process steps comprising first drawing the sheet into a cup shaped blank, with curved transitions between the bottom wall and the sidewall, and then shaping the open end of the cup to the desired toroidal shape while simultaneously thickening the areas adjacent to the perimeter of the open end of the cup and finally removing the central portion of the bottom of the cup--thereby producing the desired shell.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to form a workpiece to a net position and pierce a hole in the workpiece. The apparatus includes a base having an inner and outer slide assembly mounted thereon for reciprocal movement. Both the inner and outer slides include a cylinder and a rod extending therefrom. The apparatus includes a compressed spring attached between the inner slide and base, and coupled to the rod of the outer slide as to operate to equalize the inner slide about the workpiece. The rod of the outer slide impacts the base to drive a form against the workpiece to form the workpiece to a net position. The rod of the inner slide actuates to drive a punch through the workpiece to pierce the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a cage for constant velocity universal joints. The method involves a chipless forming operation. The method improves radial guidance of the balls by using larger window faces which are also produced in a chipless way. In a first step, starting from a circular plate metal blank, a dish with a rim is deep-drawn. At the same time, projections are formed which are circumferentially distributed along the inner and/or outer circumference of the dish in accordance with to be produced windows. The projections are directed inwardly and outwardly, respectively, away from the longitudinal axis. Also, starting from the dish opening, the projections extend over a distance which is greater than the width of the to be formed windows. In a second step, the base of the dish and the rim, either simultaneously or successively, are punched out while leaving parts to form the projections at the outer circumference.

Abstract: Shipping container carrying cargoes requiring temperature control and/or ventilation require a main frame capable of housing a refrigeration unit. Hitherto, main frames have been constructed by welding the component parts together which is extremely time consuming. The present invention provides a method for producing a main frame in which a recessed portion for housing the refrigeration unit is deep drawn while a force is simultaneously applied to maintain a substantially constant thickness of the main frame.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing long products from a lengthy plate-like material having an appreciably small thickness by press working is disclosed in which the plate-like material is fed in succession into the press working stages of a single press unit carrying out a centering process, a bending process, a coining process, a sizing process, perforating process, and a final shearing process. The material having passed these press working processes is formed into long products having various required lengths and various required number of perforations formed therein. The spacing of the perforations are kept constant irrespective of changes in the thickness and width of the material.

Abstract: A method of producing a coupling for pipes includes the steps of subjecting a predetermined length of desired cross-sectional profiled material to a bending process in a mould having a semi-circular portion to form an item of semi-circular shape; forming bent ends of predetermined size on the profiled material; and then coining the bent ends to lie in an identical horizontal plane as a horizontal diameter of the item of semi-circular shape. The coining step is accompanied by a substep of forcing excess material from the predetermined length of profiled material into a zone between the semi-circular portion of the mould and the bent ends of predetermined size on the profiled material.

Abstract: A method of burring includes a first step of forming, in a metal plate, a bottomed expanded portion expanded into a die hole with a punch and a die having the die hole into which the punch is inserted, the die hole being formed such that a predetermined gap is formed between an inner peripheral face of the die hole and an outer peripheral face of the punch so as to have a width larger than a thickness of the metal plate, a second step of swaging the bottom of the expanded portion of the metal plate between the punch and the bottom face of the die hole to render the bottom of the expanded portion thinner such that a material of the expanded portion bottom is caused to flow to a peripheral wall portion of the expanded portion positioned in the gap between the inner peripheral face of the die hole and the outer peripheral face of the punch, thereby thickening the peripheral wall portion of the expanded portion, and a third step of opening the bottom of the expanded portion.

Abstract: A pin type retainer for roller bearings is stamped in one piece from flat metal stock. The flat metal is first drawn into a cup shape having a broad flange around an open first end and a closed second end. The closed end provides solid support and alignment while stamping pins from the broad flange. The pins are then final shaped by swaging or machining into cross sectional forms for a variety of applications. The second end is then opened to form a ring. The pin type retainer can be modified for use with a retaining ring or a seal against contaminants. The pin type retainer can be formed from a variety of materials, including steel. An embodiment using plastic resin is also disclosed.

Abstract: Flat stamped electrical contact device (2) has a contact edge (8,8') which extends from the first major surface (4) to the second major surface (6) of the device. The contact edge surface (8,8') is smooth for substantially its full width and does not have a fractured portion or a burr extending from the second major surface (6). The smooth straight surface is produced by steps of coining the opening produced during the initial punching operation at a location adjacent to the second major surface after the opening has been punched and then shaving the edge to produce the finished contact surface.

Abstract: A malleable sheet of material is introduced into a progressive die system having a plurality of stations containing one or more dies for forming a predetermined configuration in the malleable sheet of material as the sheet progresses through the system. At least one strengthening means is formed along the sheet of material at an early station in the progressive die system for strengthening the sheet of material such that the sheet can be controlled at subsequent stations. Die related operations are then performed on the sheet of malleable material by the progressive die system until a completed part is created.

Abstract: A piston for a door closer comprises metal cups on opposite ends of a stem. A plastics ring is a snap-fit in one of the cups and protrudes from that cup to seal against the wall of a cylinder. A groove in the side wall of the cup for receiving a rib on the ring is formed by pressing a substantially flat blank before the blank is formed into the cup.

Abstract: A method of making sealing ring, for use in valves includes producing a cylindrical pressed cup from a film, and then slicing the cup in a direction normal to its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a portion of a member to a predetermined reference position includes a sensor which locates the actual position of the member. A positioning device positions first and second panel holding members into position to engage the member at the actual located position of the member. A drive unit moves the first and second holding members into engagement with the member to hold the member in a fixed position. The drive unit also moves a forming member into engagement with the member to form a portion of the member between the holding members to the predetermined reference position. A pierce pin, also operated by the drive unit, optionally punches an aperture in the formed portion of the member. A method of forming a portion of a member to a known reference position employs the above-described elements.

Abstract: An end fitting for eye joint is manufactured in the form of half-finished product first through a series of cold forging coming in pressing or drawing, punching and rearward extrusion of a short metallic cylindrical material, and then a finished product is obtained through cutting process applied thereto. For the half-finished product to obtain first, cutting process is not particularly required.

Abstract: A coupling disc (i.e., the armature or rotor) of an electromagnetic coupling is made by using a punch and die to emboss a plurality of radially spaced rows of angularly spaced grooves in the non-working face of the disc and to cause a plurality of radially spaced rows of angularly spaced projections to be displaced from the working face of the disc. The working face then is machined to remove the projections and, as an incident thereto, circumferentially continuous grooves are formed in the working face in radial alignment with the grooves in the non-working face in order to leave thin webs which establish magnetic flux barriers. To establish even better flux barriers, angularly spaced slots of narrow radial width may be formed through the disc by piercing the disc from the working face thereof and breaking through the thin webs located between the sets of grooves.

Abstract: A cylinder cap and method of making the same for use with gas cylinders of standard construction to protect the cylinder valve from damage should the cylinder be knocked over or dropped. The cylinder cap is uniquely formed to allow convenient access to the cylinder valve without having to remove the cap from the cylinder. A gripping member is provided in the cylinder valve access aperture of the bell-shaped cap for use in safely transporting the gas cylinder. In accordance with the method of the invention, the apertured, bell-shaped body of the cap is formed from a single sheet of planar material by means of a series of drawing and piercing steps.

Abstract: A thin edge orifice disk is defined as a disk having a thickness to main dimension or diameter ratio of at least 1:80. The manufacturing of an accurately sized orifice in the disk is accomplished by means of a progressive die. One of the stations of the die provides a coining operation on the orifice. Such coining operation is adjustable by means of a micrometer adjustment.

Abstract: A bar-like workpiece is axially compressed to form a flange at the intermediate portion thereof. Then, the workpiece with the flange is held by dies and its one axial end surface is received by a receiver die. The receiver die has a recess formed at the central portion of its end surface for accommodating a slug flowing from the workpiece. The end surface of the receiver die around the recess forms a surface to receive the workpiece. From the side opposite to the receiver die a punch is continuously pressed into the workpiece beyond the flange position to form a sleeve insertion hole. Next, a residual material left at the bottom of the sleeve insertion hole is punched out by another punch, completing the fuel injector core.

Abstract: A forging method comprises the following four steps: a first step of disposing a columnar material into a first die and extruding one end portion of the material with a first punch in a direction opposite to the advancing direction of the first punch, a second step of deepending a first blind hole in a second stepped die with a cavity having large and small internal diameter portions, and extruding the other end portion of the material into the inside of the small internal diameter portion of the cavity with a second punch which has been previously extended thereinto, a third step of fitting the first and second blind holes to third punches while exposing the small outer diameter portion from a third die and pressurizing, by means of a sleeve, only an end face portion of the small outer diameter portion formed with the second blind hole to expand the small outer diameter portion of the material toward an outer periphery, and a fourth step of punching out a blind portion of the material.

Abstract: The drawing tool comprises a hydraulic element for deriving from the movement of the blank holder a simultaneous, oppositely directed movement of the drawing punch. The hydraulic element comprises a centrally disposed working piston, an annular piston, which surrounds that working piston, and a cylinder, which surrounds the annular piston. The working piston and the annular piston are adapted to be supplied with pressure fluid from first and second cylinder chambers which are hydraulically separated from each other and which are adapted to communicate with each other under the control of at least two alternative flow paths, which differ in hydraulic design so that they cause pressure changes on different pressure levels to be effected in the second cylinder chamber. A pressure detector detects the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder chambers and enables an alternative flow path in response to a rise of the pressure above a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A pad forming device for forming attachment pads in an automotive inner body panel element to provide for the attachment of an outer body panel to the inner body panel. The outer body panel must be attached at a precise location and the inner body panel element is not as precisely positioned. The device has one or more fixed anvils which are positioned at a predetermined position adjacent to, but spaced from, the inner body panel element, the magnitude of such spacing varying with the position of the inner body panel element. Movable floating locators that are disposed on opposite sides of each fixed anvil are advanced toward the inner body panel element until they make contact therewith, at which time the floating locators are locked in a fixed position.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hollow tape guide for guiding magnetic recording tape. In this method, a round rod-like metal wire is sheared by shearing cutters into a blank a predetermined length, having a first end and a second end. Then, the blank is shaped and made into a blank having a shallow recess in the second end. The blank is then extruded and made into a cup-shaped blank closed at the first end by a bottom and having a predetermined length and a predetermined wall thickness. Finally, the bottom of the cup-shaped blank is punched out, thereby providing a hollow tape guide. The bottom is thick when the rod-like blank is too long, and is thin when the rod-like blank is too short, so that the cup-shaped blank may have the desired length and desired wall thickness.

Abstract: A display incorporating light-emitting diodes, comprising a reflector which is formed in a holder. A light-emitting diode is mounted in the holder and projects into the reflector through an opening. The light-emitting doide is attached in the opening with the diode walls snugly abutting against the edges of the opening. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the display comprising light-emitting diodes and an installation to perform the method. Each diode is provided with two connections protected by the holder. The holder consists of surface-treated sheet metal, preferably anodized aluminium. The reflector is bowl-shaped and semispherical. Owing to the reflector a bundle of aligned beams of light is emitted from the light-emitting diode.

Abstract: An integral outwardly extending transverse annular flange is formed on one or both extremities of a previously formed cylinder, circumferentially spaced circular openings are then punched in the one or both flanges. An adjustable expansible and freely rotary mandrel, adapted to grasp tightly the internal wall of the cylinder, is mounted adjacent to one end of a movable support which is pivotally mounted and movable relative to the base from a horizontal to a vertical position. A pair of cylindrical forming or tooling rolls on parallel vertical axes are mounted on the base. The axes of the inner roll, adjacent to the pivotal joint is fixed, while the axis of the outer roll is movable and operable under high pressure to clamp a small portion of the periphery of the lower extremity of the cylinder between the rolls, corresponding to the width of the flange.

Abstract: A pad forming device for forming attachment pads in an automotive inner body panel element to provide for the attachment of an outer body panel to the inner body panel. The outer body panel must be attached at a precise location and the inner body panel element is not as precisely positioned. The device has one or more fixed anvils which are positioned at a predetermined position adjacent to, but spaced from, the inner body panel element, the magnitude of such spacing varying with the position of the inner body panel element. Movable floating locators that are disposed on opposite sides of each fixed anvil are advanced toward the inner body panel element until they make contact therewith, at which time the floating locators are locked in a fixed position.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for fabricating a composite disc brake rotor. In accordance with this invention, a composite rotor having a stamped center section and a cast or forged braking face portion is mounted onto a press which produces a central axially deflected "bubble" of metal. The formation of such a bubble causes radially inward straining of the material defining the rotor center section which has been found to substantially reduce surface waviness and imperfections in the surface. Such improvements in flatness of the rotor center section provide accurate positioning of the rotor braking when mounted on the vehicle for improved brake performance and life. Following the step of producing the center bubble, a subsequent operation is used to blank out a center mounting hole and clearance holes for wheel mounting studs.

Abstract: A flat, smooth material, e.g., metal sheet, suitable for use as a disc substrate for applying a recording media thereto for data storage devices, and a method of making same, are disclosed. The flat and smooth substrate is formed by applying sufficient pressure to opposite surfaces of the material to achieve the desired flatness and smoothness prior to finishing. Subsequent finishing may be used to remove any zone of roughness which may be present in the surfaces of the disc resulting from the pressing step. In one embodiment, the pressure step may be applied before finishing the disc perimeters.

Abstract: A method for producing a cage, especially a roller cage of sheet material by punching out the roller element pockets, consisting of the steps of stamping the sheet material in the direction of the sheet thickness in at least predetermined areas of the punching line for forming the rolling element pockets and thereafter forming the pockets by a punching operation.

Abstract: A one-piece piston is produced by die pressing in a single step, a previously forged blank to bend an annular cylindrical collar thereon and at the same time form a fire rib between two lugs which are pierced in the die-pressing tool so that eyes are formed in the lugs and the latter are calibrated by the piercing operation.

Abstract: A brake shoe arrangement for disc brakes for motor vehicles, and a method for the production thereof, comprising a brake shoe (2) including an anchor plate (4) having a friction pad (6), secured thereto and comprising a wire brake shoe spring (18) formed as a stem spring and including at least two winding sections (20,22) from which emerges one free spring stem, with the brake shoe spring (18) being inserted into at least one recess (12,14) of the anchor plate such that one winding section is located on one side of a bridge-type projection (16) provided in the recess. The projection extends substantially in parallel to the anchor plate. In order to provide a safe support for pad-wear warning contact (10), the bridge-comprising (16) forms a substantially closed ring comprising a continuous aperture (34).

Abstract: A process for making a rigid packaging container which contains a "rolled lip" which comprises deforming a sheet of metal, plastic or paper composite material over a mold into a desired formed shape which contains a "lip", advancing a trimming means from the convex or bottom side of the shape while said shape is supported so that said shape does not deform; and trimming the shape from the convex or bottom side of the shape at a point on the lip of the shape which undercuts the periphery of the shape while, at the same time, forcing open the undercut of the lip of the shape.

Abstract: Starting from a pre-heated bar, there is sheared-off first a portion (41) which, in a first forming stage of the machine, is formed into a tier shaped pressed article. In the second forming stage, the pressed article is further formed so that it has an inner ring (J), an outer ring (A) arranged co-axially to this and a radial annular web (S) connecting the two rings (J,A). The sheared-off outer ring (44) is therefore ejected in the next to last stage, while in the last working stage the inner ring (45) separated from the outer ring is subjected to further working. This last working stage involves stamping out a waste piece (35) and shearing-off an annular web (38). It is also possible to carry out a forming operation in this last working stage to upset the remaining inner ring (22a).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a stepped hollow component such as, for example, a gear blank. A solid slug, provided with a disc portion and a projecting portion, is placed in a rigid cylindrical recess formed between a counterpunch and a hollow mold. An annular upper surface of the disc portion and a side surface of the projecting portion are precompressed by an outer punch so as to restrain an outer periphery of the solid slug. A closed-base hole is formed in a center of the solid slug by a plastic deformation caused by an inner punch. The plastic deformation by the inner punch causes material of the solid slug to flow biaxially in the radial and axial direction of the solid slug.

Abstract: A die assembly (2) which operates in a single stroke, both to draw and to trim a deformable sheet material such as sheet metal including relatively reciprocal upper and lower die sections (10,14) for draw forming a port and a trimming means (26), movable in a direction perpendicular to the relative reciprocal motion of the upper and lower die section (10,14), for cutting away a portion of the drawn material. The die assembly may include a fixed draw punch (18) over which the sheet material is drawn and a draw ring (52) shaped to complement the exterior shape of the draw punch (18) and to telescopically advance over the draw punch (18) during the drawing operation. At the end of the drawing operation, the draw ring (52) is positioned adjacent a trim punch (28) mounted on the lower die section (10).

Abstract: A blank 1 is removed from a strip of material 2 and placed in a die against which a lower punch and an upper punch are operable. In one step, by moving of the lower punch upwardly, shaped to form the pole core or pole piece, and the upper punch against the blank in the die, the pole piece, pole shoes, and outer pole radii at the end portions are formed. If desired, the pole can be perforated and the perforation formed with a thread, and accurately sized in the subsequent cutting and sizing step.

Abstract: A disc-like or annular workpiece within a set of closed dies undergoes lateral flow in a first direction (e.g., radially outward or inward, depending upon the geometry of the die cavity) as the upper die is forced against the lower, with the workpiece being now restrained from flowing in other directions. Toward the end of forging, when the metal offers a rapid increase in resistance to flowing, the workpiece is set free of the restraint from flowing in a second direction, generally opposite to the first direction, as by creating a bore centrally therein or by cutting off its peripheral portion. Then, upon resumption of forging, the workpiece flows in both first and second directions, completing the desired flow in the first direction with no greater forging force than before.

Abstract: A method of forging track tractor rollers, which comprises busting of a billet to a preformed coned end and placing a split ring around the coned end of the busted and preformed billet, and inserting the same in a blocking die to form flanges by blocking against the split ring and removing the split ring and billet. When placed in a finishing die, the hollow of the roller is preformed by a displacement method which forces the metal into the flanges against the split ring.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for forming flanged holes and a resulting plate and tube assembly of the type used in fluid-to-fluid, such as gas-to-gas, liquid-to-liquid and liquid-to-gas, heat exchangers. A depression is formed with the aid of a punch in a plastically deformable metal sheet such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like, while applying controlled counterpressure with the aid of a larger counter-punch so that material displaced from the space between the punches is laid upon the inner bore of a constraining die. Thus the wall of the depression is formed by purely compressive means. The base of the depression may then be removed to provide deep flanges of controlled dimensions free of cracks or splits.

Abstract: A metal sealing member comprising a metal cylindrical member, one end thereof being adapted to be soldered to another member to form a hermetic sealing structure is manufactured by squeezing a metal plate into a cup-shaped member, forming an annular recess at an opening of the cup-shaped member or forming a circular projection at a bottom thereof, and cutting the annular recess or a portion surrounding the circular projection.

Abstract: Bending and forming apparatus comprises an anvil adapted for use in a press in conjunction with a die connected to an opposed portion of the press, to form and bend material interposed therebetween as the press closes during its cyclic operation. The anvil includes a plurality of elements each of which is normally fixed to form an extension of another by an embodied locking device. In its extended condition the anvil is a rigid unitized structure of substantially fixed length. The locking device is constructed and arranged to release to provide the elements as hard tooling of reduced length as bending and forming of the material worked thereby proceeds, to set the bent and formed configuration of the material worked. A trigger device is included for triggering the release of the locking device to provide for reduction in length of the anvil. The bending and forming apparatus provides hard tooling in both its original condition and when reduced in length.