Abstract: An Ag sputtering target 6 has three-dimensional fluctuation of grain sizes of not more than 18%. The fluctuation is determined by exposing plural sputtering surfaces by slicing the sputtering target 6 in planes to initial sputtering surface, selecting plural locations on each of the exposed sputtering surfaces, calculating values A1 and B1 using the formula below, and selecting larger one of the values A1 and B1 as the three-dimensional fluctuation of the grain sizes.

Abstract: A programmable machine and method for adhering a flexible photovoltaic film panel onto metal supplied from a roll for forming a combination solar and roof panel is provided. The voltaic film panels and metal to which is adhered are supplied on rolls which are fed from reels. The rollformer can form male and female edges on the metal which are necessary for a metal roof. The angle at which the exit cutter can cut is calculated by the programmable computer.

Abstract: An improved stamped metal part and method for making the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal-cutting machining process for a semi-finished product having a predetermined shape and at least one machining surface which has the steps: applying a protective foil having a predetermined elongation at break to the at least one machining surface with a predetermined adhesive force, placing a metal-cutting tool in a predetermined position above the machining surface, exerting a predetermined mechanical force in a predetermined direction for a predetermined length of time to the tool for carrying out a metal-cutting process on the semi-finished product and lifting the tool from the at least one machining surface after the predetermined length of time.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing uncommon forms of solder wire without grease or lubricant is provided. The uncommon forms of solder wire is manufactured first by getting a winding rod which can be installed on or removed off the winding machine rapidly, then, obtaining solder wire, and winding the solder wire around the winding rod. Subsequently, fixing the shape as needed and cut the wound solder wire with cutting jigs. Finally, making dotted-line punches for flux to flow out easily, if necessary, and further adjusting the shifted incision gap of each solder wire piece accordingly to the needed shape.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a one piece turnbuckle includes preparing a board of metal; deep drawing the board to form two protrusions and shaping the board into a form which has two opposite ends, with the opposite ends defined by the protrusions; deep drawing the board to reduce its thickness and to form a recess; punching the recess off so as to form a through opening; boring a hole through each of the protrusions; and tapping each hole to form a threaded section.

Abstract: A reverse acting rupture disc and methods of forming the same are provided. Generally, the rupture disc comprises a bulged portion and a circumscribing flange area surrounding the bulged portion. The bulged portion includes a mechanically formed line-of-opening recess comprising a singular channel. In certain embodiments, the mechanical process by which the recess is formed utilizes a high-speed mill which removes a portion of metal from the bulged portion of the disc without disrupting the substantially uniform metallic grain structure of the metal adjacent the channel.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments of the invention include a skate blade made from a single piece of unitary material. The unitary blade advantageously facilitates the blade manufacturing process and avoids possible weakness introduced by multiple pieces. Certain embodiments of the skate blade may be formed to attach to a skate boot without heating or twisting of the blade. For example, the skate blade may include at least one tab or flange that may be bent to secure the blade to the boot. Certain embodiments of the skate blade preferably comprise a titanium material, such as ASTM-F136 titanium. In certain embodiments, a blade fixation assembly includes locking screws having a threaded body to engage the bottom of a boot and a threaded head to engage grooved portions of the blade.

Abstract: A method for generating openings in a metal foil includes at least the following steps: a) providing a planar metal foil, b) generating at least one bend in the metal foil, and c) generating at least one opening in the region of the at least one bend through the use of a cutting production process. Grinding tools are preferably used. A method for producing a honeycomb body, an exhaust gas treatment unit for mobile internal combustion engines having a honeycomb body and being produced by the method, as well as a motor vehicle, are also described.

Abstract: A machining method of a press die having a pierce cutter and a secondary relief-clearance area recessed inward relative to a profile of the pierce cutter is provided. A plunge cutting tool having a tool body and at least one edge portion provided on an outer circumference of an end of the tool body is used, the edge portion being protruding from the outer circumference of the tool body and being capable of carving while rotating around an axis of the tool body and moving in an axial direction of the tool body. While rotating the plunge cutting tool with an axis of the tool body being approximately parallel to a surface of the pierce cutter, the plunge cutting tool is relatively moved along the profile of the pierce cutter. The plunge cutting tool is also relatively moved in the axial direction of the tool body along the shape of the pierce cutter and the secondary relief-clearance area in a piercing direction each time the plunge cutting tool is relatively moved by a predetermined pitch.

Abstract: A shaped part is made by forming in a flat steel plate a thickness-reducing groove and hot-shaping and hardening the flat steel plate into a three-dimensional shape. Then the plate formed with the groove is cooled, and a piece is sheared off the cooled plate along a cut line in the groove.

Abstract: A rotatable contamination barrier is disclosed that has a plurality of closely packed blades configured to trap contaminant material coming from a radiation source. The blades are radially oriented relative to a central rotation axis of the contamination barrier. The blades comprise a metal compound having crystals oriented generally radially relative to the central rotation axis.

Abstract: A nozzle plate of the invention has nozzle opening including a taper part 2 for guiding ink in a pressure generation chamber and a straight pore part 3 formed contiguous with the taper part.

Abstract: A method for producing metal parts such as special bolts (20) by means of cold extrusion in pressing dies comprises a first step of cutting to size a metal blank (30) to be modelled with predetermined dimensions, at least one step of cold pressing in a die in order to reduce one or more portions of the blank (30) to predetermined diameters, and a step of cold pressing in a die during which a coupling key (25) is formed on a portion (32) of the blank (30), the lateral surface (36) of the key protruding beyond the lateral surface of this portion (32), with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blank (30). The resulting product can be used in particular as a special bolt for the positive coupling of a mowing machine blade to a rotating plate in order to rotate the blade.

Abstract: A covering member (1) for mounting on a fastener ring (2), the ring and the covering member co-operating with each other to form a fastener device for fastening a dispenser system (3), such as a pump or a valve, on a receptacle neck (40), the covering member presenting a general configuration that is substantially cylindrical and that includes an outside wall (14) and an inside wall (15) for coming into clamping contact around the ring (2), the inside wall forming an array of grooves (16, 17) hollowed out in a base zone (151), the grooves extending in at least two different directions.

Abstract: A method and a tool for fabricating a toothing at a three-dimensional body produced by forming and fine blanking, especially an attachment for car seat components or the like produced out of a flat strip, wherein the flat strip by forming and fine blanking in a tool is formed into a pot-shaped body with inner forms and a substantially evenly curved edge. Afterwards, a toothing is fabricated into the edge radially extending to the inner side of the body. The toothing in the edge of the pot-shaped body is exclusively produced by cutting and/or shaving with a fine blanking die and/or a shaving device, and a burr and/or shaving chips developing during cutting and/or shaving are pressed into a recess in the base of the pot-shaped body allocated to the toothing.

Abstract: Surgical needles are produced by immersing a needle possessing a distal end surrounded at least in part by flash material and a body portion in an acid bath according to a predetermined sequence, wherein the distal end of the needle is exposed to the acid bath under conditions sufficient to remove flash material from the distal end of the needle and the body portion of the needle is exposed to the acid bath under conditions sufficient to provide a matte finish on at least a portion of the body portion of the needle.

Abstract: An exemplary metallic frame (60) is formed by forging and precise machining of a workpiece. The forging process is performed before the precise machining process, a hardness of the frame is larger than that of the workpiece and a surface roughness Ra of the frame reaches about 6.4 microns. The present invention further provides a method of making the frame. The method includes as follows: feeding workpiece process (12) for providing a workpiece (20); forging process (14), the workpiece be forged to form a preform (40); and precise machining process (18), the preform be precisely machined to form a frame.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming a surface finished workpiece for a vehicle from a metal sheet is provided. The workpiece is machined, which generates string chips having a desired maximum length for removal from the workpiece. The method comprises stamping the metal sheet into a blank having an edge with a contour, wherein the edge includes a plurality of interrupting segments spaced apart. Stamping the blank into the workpiece. Machining at least a portion of the workpiece to within a surface tolerance, wherein the edge is a stamping precursor of the portion, whereby the generated string chips break at interrupting segments such that the lengths are less than the desired maximum.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a clutch housing comprises: a first step of forming a work into a pre-product having a shaft portion and an outer drum portion enclosing the shaft portion integrally with the shaft portion; a second step of subjecting the pre-product to predetermined processing; and a third step of providing a spline on an inner periphery of the outer drum portion by flow forming, and forming the clutch housing into an almost completed product, wherein in the first step, an outer peripheral cylindrical portion of the outer drum portion is formed while being offset in an axial direction with respect to the shaft portion so that it is not opposite to at least part of the shaft portion in a radial direction.

Abstract: Cold extrusion procedures for obtaining metal elements such as for example bushings, nuts or other elements with dead or through holes, screws, standard and special shape extruded or pressed products, etc. on a machining center comprising a series of hydraulic presses connected to each other with an automatic movement system. The final drilling or shearing of the elements is advantageously carried out by a dedicated drilling or shearing unit, working at high speed, which can consist of a vertical mechanical press. The use of the plant comprising several hydraulic presses together with the rapid drilling or shearing unit makes it possible to achieve a high level of productivity.

Abstract: A metallic separator according to a first embodiment is formed by obtaining a blank by rolling a metallic material having conductive inclusions, and removing a surface of the blank by 2% or more of the thickness of the blank. A metallic separator according to a second embodiment is formed by pressing a metallic plate so as to have a cross section including ridges and grooves alternatively, and removing parts of the ridged portions so as to make flattened surfaces. A metallic separator having conductive inclusions in its metal texture according to a third embodiment is formed by blasting a liquid containing two or more kinds of abrasives having different particle diameters to a blank after it has been rolled. A metallic separator having conductive inclusion in its metal texture according to a fourth embodiment is formed by blasting a passivation treatment liquid mixed with abrasives to the separator.

Abstract: A method of producing a forged part includes holding a material by a jig, upsetting the material, held by the jig, to a predetermined length by a pair of upsetting dies disposed on both ends of the material, while pressing the upsetting dies on the material, so as to produce large-diameter portions at the respective axial ends of the material. Next, a bending operation and a forging operation are made to the upset material, in that order. When forging, a direction, in which the material is forged, is set, so that a burr generated on the material by upsetting is included in a burr generated on the material by forging. Next, a finish-machining operation is made to the forged material to remove the burr left on the outer periphery of the material after forging. Thereafter, the finish-machined material is drilled to form bush-mounting holes in the large-diameter portions.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an inner cutter for a reciprocating electric shaver, including the steps of: press-stamping a thin metal plate to obtain a thin metal plate element that has an outer contour of an unfolded inner cutter and elongated openings that extend substantially perpendicular to the direction of the reciprocating motion the inner cutter makes and further has bridging-portions formed between the elongated openings; pressing the bridging-portions so that each bridging-portion has a final sectional shape of each cutter blade of the inner cutter; twisting the bridging-portions so that the cutter surfaces of the cutter blades are aligned substantially to the surface of the thin metal plate element; forming the thin metal plate element into substantially an arch shape with the cutter surface sides of the cutter blades facing outward; and executing finishing-work on the outer circumferential surface of the arch-shaped thin metal plate element.

Abstract: A high-pressure piping part includes a body structure forged in a closed space. The body structure is formed to include a main body portion formed by forward extrusion and side arm portions formed by side extrusion. The main body portion has therein a fiber flow formed along a passage, and the side arm portion has therein a fiber flow formed along the passage. Therefore, the direction in which stress is applied to the passage of the body structure by an internal pressure is approximately perpendicular to the directions of the fiber flows, thereby improving the degree of allowance of the resistance to pressure of the body structure for an injector.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an irregularly shaped forging includes heating a billet to a predetermined temperature, placing the heated billet within the cavity of a die, advancing a punch into the cavity to begin to disperse the material into a plurality of radially extending extremities of the cavity and continuing to advance the punch into the die to force a portion of the material to enter predetermined clearance zones between the punch and the die to form an irregularly shaped forging having a plurality of axially extending flash portions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metallic blank into a shaped article useful as an enclosure for an implantable medical device is described. The method entails a plurality of steps in a particular order to obtain certain finish characteristics. Some of them are a surface roughness for bond ability and/or a uniform surface finish on the drawn section of the blank. The preset steps must be completed in a particular order; otherwise the desired characteristics are not provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a torsion bar includes a first shaping step of reducing a diameter of a round bar steel material according to cold drawing work so as to have a hardness including an inside through a surface layer of 320 or more to 450 or less by Vickers hardness (HV), and a second shaping step of cutting a midway area of the steel material in the longitudinal direction so as to obtain a spring portion.

Abstract: A hot blow-forming apparatus includes opposed and complementary forming tools adapted for hot blow forming a surface of a heated sheet-metal workpiece against a forming surface of one of the tools. The tools are also adapted to close upon and grip a peripheral edge of the workpiece and perform work on a central portion of the workpiece to produce a formed panel. The tools incorporate an improved extraction apparatus, which includes a plurality of opposed and complementary spring-loaded extractor pads. Opposed extractor pads are spring-loaded to different levels so as to apply spring-load differentials therebetween and thereby apply different extraction forces in different locations of the resultant formed panel for distortion-free removal of the formed panel from the working surfaces of the tooling.

Abstract: An inner cutter for a dry shaver is fabricated from a metal plate to have a plurality of blades each provided with cutting edges. The metal plate includes a plurality of parallel straight slits to leave an array of straight beams each defined between the adjacent ones of the slits. The beams are forged and ground at a segment of each beam to give the cutting edges thereto. After making the cutting edges, the metal plate is bent into a generally U-shaped configuration so as to correspondingly curve the beams and shape the beams into the blades having the arcuate contour and the cutting edges. The metal plate is provided with a joint for connection with a driving source of moving the inner cutter relative to an outer cutter.

Abstract: A method of forming a durable mower bed blade is provided in which the grain of the metal is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blade. The blade is formed in part by coining the blade on a hydraulic press which strengthens the cutting edge and other areas to prevent chipping and cracking. Additional steps in the process include shearing the blade to a proper width, heat treating and grinding the edge of the blade to sharpen it.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a monolithic product wherein a piece of stock is formed, then machined. The invention encompasses a monolithic product made by the process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for hot blow-forming an article from a blank of sheet metal. Simultaneously, a surface of the blank of sheet metal is formed against a form tool body that partially defines a forming surface and against a form tool insert that also partially defines the forming surface and that is positioned within a recess of the form tool body such that a lateral gap is defined between the form tool insert and form tool body. Opposed projections are provided on upper surfaces of the form tool insert and the form tool body adjacent the gap. The projections create a raised portion on the sheet metal panel that corresponds to the gap. The raised portion is removed flush with respect to a visible surface of the article.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a clutch housing comprises: a first step of forming a work into a pre-product having a shaft portion and an outer drum portion enclosing the shaft portion integrally with the shaft portion; a second step of subjecting the pre-product to predetermined processing; and a third step of providing a spline on an inner periphery of the outer drum portion by flow forming, and forming the clutch housing into an almost completed product, wherein in the first step, an outer peripheral cylindrical portion of the outer drum portion is formed while being offset in an axial direction with respect to the shaft portion so that it is not opposite to at least part of the shaft portion in a radial direction.

Abstract: An integral high strength threaded pipe connection formed on joints of plain-end pipe, and a method for manufacturing, wherein the ends of the joints are rough machined, swaged, and then finish machined, preferably but not necessarily, with only one chucking.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wear resistant shoe (26) includes upsetting (46) one end portion (38) of cylindrical member to work harden that portion to a substantial depth, machining (48) the cylindrical member portion to finished dimensions and surface hardening (56) a face (28 or 34) of the machined cylindrical member portion. The cylindrical member may comprise rod stock of a diameter less than the greatest diameter of the finished shoe and be upset or swaged to axially reduce and radially increase the dimensions of the one end portion. A hollow region (30) is formed in an opposite rod stock end portion and the periphery (50) of the hollow region is crimped about a rounded end (18) of the piston (20). The cold work done during the swaging or forming process provides a foundation for hardened faces comprising balance (28) and auxiliary balance (34) lands, forms a crude shape of the shoe, and imparts work hardening and wear property improvements.

Abstract: A system for forming workpieces, has at least one forming tool has at least one machining device with a local energy feed. The local feed is provided for machining the workpieces as a separate station within the forming system.

Abstract: There are provided a step of forming a structure in which a first concave portion is formed in a predetermined portion on one surface of a metal plate and also a convex portion that protrudes from other surface of the metal plate is formed by formation of the first concave portion and a second concave portion is formed in a predetermined portion on an outside of a peripheral portion of the convex portion, by shaping the metal plate by means of stamping using a die, and a step of cutting the convex portion formed on the other surface of the metal plate.

Abstract: Bladed components for fluid-flow machines produced from a forged blank in which provision is made for the blank to be forged to near-net shape, in particular during drop forging, and in which intermediate spaces between adjacent blades are to be produced, at least for the most part, resulting in the cutting cost for forming the bladed component from the blank being markedly reduced, which leads to lower manufacturing costs of the bladed component.

Abstract: A method for producing suspension parts via preforming the workpiece by roll forming. The sectional area and length of the workpiece are calculated. In the former step, more than one orthogonal cross-section is acquired from the suspension part of aluminum alloy, and the sectional area is converted into the area of a circle. An imaginary area is calculated by adding to the converted area an adequate amount of flash. In the latter step, a circular truncated cone is defined from two adjacent imaginary circles and the length of the imaginary center line between the two adjacent imaginary circles. A solid of revolution is defined by connecting these circular truncated cones, and the volume of the suspension part of aluminum alloy is substituted by the volume of the solid of revolution. The value obtained by dividing the sectional area of the workpiece by the volume is regarded as the-length of the workpiece.

Abstract: Material for a connecting rod for an internal combustion engine is carburized and quenched, a carburized layer formed on the bearing portion is ground until the portion which exhibits the maximum compressive residual stress, and a shot-peening processing is performed on the ground surface. The invention produces a bearing portion having surface characteristics in which maximum compressive residual stress is imparted, and therefore, remarkable improvement in the fatigue strength in the bearing portion can be obtained. Furthermore, a large number of concavities formed by the shot-peening processing can be efficiently employed as an oil reservoir, so that sliding properties and lubrication can be improved, and the occurrence of problems such as fretting corrosion, galling, and seize can also be solved, and the galling and problems of the seize can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of making an eyewear frame comprising the initial step of extruding an elongated billet of substantially rigid material having a top surface having predetermined convex cross-sectional initially as extruded curvature and a bottom surface having a predetermined concave cross-sectional initially as extruded curvature. The next step involves mounting a predetermined length of the elongated billet in a holding fixture of a computer numerical control (CNC) cutting machine. Next the CNC cutting machine is operated to cut out predetermined lens apertures and a finished eyewear frame around each of the previously machined lens apertures thereby producing a substantially stress free eyewear frame that is ready to have a stress free lens installed in its lens aperture.

Abstract: A package for receiving electronic parts is formed with decreased stress and stress concentration to obtain a desired warp and flatness. In particular, according to a cutting protruding part process, a package is accommodated to have a recessed part formed on one face of a metal plate by pressing the face of the metal plate so that a corresponding protruding part is formed bulging from an opposing face of the metal plate. The protruding part is cut by a cutting tool and a bottom which has a cavity shape and is thinner in size than the metal plate is formed at the recessed part. The protruding part is again formed bulging from the metal plate and cut by the cutting tool. The cutting direction is differed in alternately facing directions so that the stress from cutting is almost cancelled.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a golf club head by which burrs can be removed without causing deviations in configuration and weight of a club head. Burrs 17 produced during a plastic deformation process are removed, using a laser processing machine. By setting the action of the laser processing machine in advance, it is possible to obtain a head body 1A of constant configuration and weight. Further, as all the burrs 17 can be removed at one burr removing step, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Abstract: The apparatus for making products of defined thickness to be used to make parts of aerospace structures comprises an automatic machine tool and a frame for supporting the products being processed. The machine tool comprises a machining unit equipped with a head that mounts a tool designed to remove material from defined areas of the product in such a way as to selectively reduce its thickness.

Abstract: A plate-shaped member having a recess useful for an electronic part and particularly for a heat dissipation plate for a semiconductor element, the inside and outside of which member are flat. The plate-shaped member has a recess defined by a bottom wall portion and a side wall portion extending from a peripheral end of the bottom wall portion formed without bending a metallic plate, by press forming. The upper and lower surfaces of the side wall and the bottom wall are formed in parallel and flat, and the thickness of the bottom wall is smaller than the thickness of the metallic plate and, further, the thickness, between the upper surface and the lower surface, of the side wall is larger than the thickness of the metallic plate.

Abstract: A pin-type synchronizer core formed from a flat piece of steel material. An annular disc is formed into a core member with a U-shaped channel and pockets.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing and Al alloy tappet, used in an internal combustion engine, includes supplying wear resistant particles on a surface of a light metal tappet body, the surface slideably contacting a cam, kneading said particles with a surface layer of the surface of the tappet body to imbed them and then changing the surface layer after kneading to a flat surface.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a recess portion having an predetermined shape on one side of a metal plate without giving the metal plate any remarkable stress while forming the other side flat, which is suitable for a package for electronic parts such as an integrated circuit, etc. The method according to the present invention is characterized in that a recess portion having an predetermined shape is formed by plastically deforming a metal plate having a predetermined thickness by means of a press, etc. so as to form the recess portion having a depth smaller than the thickness on one side thereof and to form at the same time a protruding portion protruding on the other side of the metal plate. In the steps of plastically deforming the metal plate, metal corresponding to the recess portion is displaced to the protruding portion.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved golf club head and an improved method of manufacturing of a golf club head. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved metal wood golf club head and improved method of manufacturing a metal wood golf club head. The invention provides a metal wood golf club head including a one piece precision hot forged body portion comprising a hosel, a sole and a hitting face. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a metal wood golf club head including the step of integrally forming a body portion of the club head comprising a hosel, a sole and a hitting face. The body portion of the club head is made by precision hot forging a billet of material, particularly titanium or alloys thereof, or alternatively, aluminium or alloys thereof.