Abstract: A hole in a metal and composite stack is cold worked. An interference is formed between a cold working tool and the metal layers results in a radial force that is applied only to the metal layers.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite metal sheet produced by joining two metal sheets together, comprising: a projection formed by cutting the two metal sheets along a cutting line and pressing an area surrounded by the cutting line and a reference line in the two metal sheets, with the two metal sheets overlapping each other, with the reference line remaining uncut, with the cutting line extending from and communicating with both terminals of the reference line while forming a predetermined shape together with the reference line, and with the projection formed at one portion of the area in response to pressure applied to the area; hole generated by forming the projection in the two metal sheets; and a joint disposed between an outer peripheral cutting face of the projection and an inner peripheral cutting face of the hole.

Abstract: Multi-layered pipes, machines for forming multi-layered pipes, and methods of forming multi-layered pipes, such as for use in the hydrocarbon industry as may form high-pressure pipelines including forming an inner metal tube from a first metal stock, and while forming the inner metal tube, forming at least a second metal tube around the inner tube from at least a second metal stock. In some methods, sheet metal is bent to form tubes having seams, which are welded while the tubes are being formed. Some methods are performed proximate to an installation site for the multi-layered pipe, such as a hydrocarbon extraction or transportation site. Some methods are performed on a vehicle and proximate to an installation site.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a pole with a wrap-around saddle includes making corresponding bends in the pole and saddle in the same motion.

Abstract: A cyclic preparation method for producing titanium boride from intermediate feedstock sodium-based titanium-boron-fluorine salt mixture and producing sodium cryolite as byproduct, which comprises the steps: a) boric acid or boric anhydride is added with hydrofluoric acid and then with sodium carbonate solution for concentration and crystallization to generate sodium fluoborate; titanium-iron concentrate is added with hydrofluoric acid and then with sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium fluotitanate; B) the sodium fluoborate is mixed with the sodium fluotitanate, and the mixture reacts with aluminum to generate titanium boride and sodium cryolite; C) the sodium cryolite is sucked out and then fed into a rotary reaction kettle together with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride gas as well as sodium sulfate and sodium aluminum sulfate are generated by reaction in the rotary reaction kettle, and the hydrogen fluoride gas is collected and then dissolved in water to obtain hydrofluoric aci

Abstract: A method of joining multiple components includes stacking the components vertically. Each component includes two opposite substantially planar surfaces that are arranged in a column when the components are stacked. The method also includes placing the stacked components in a clinch-crimping apparatus having a first punch, a second punch, and a crimping element. The method also includes displacing a section of the substantially planar surfaces of the stacked components by driving the first punch in a first direction that is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces. The method additionally includes retracting the first punch from the displaced section and crimping the displaced section by the crimping element to form a crush initiator. The method additionally includes disengaging the crimping element from the crimped, displaced section. Furthermore, the method includes clinching the crimped, displaced section by driving the second punch in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A method of forming a stamped metal laminate part from a strip stock with a layer of viscoelastic material laminated between two metal layers, and a laminated abutment clip made by the method. Part carriers are disposed on the sides of the stock. A longitudinal axis extends between the part carriers through the stock. The stock is advanced through a progressive die to a first position where a first form is created, a second position, where a second form is created by modifying the first form, and to a third position where a third form is created. Relative sliding of the metal layers in the stock is prevented between the axis and the form being created, and relative sliding of the metal layers is permitted at a section beyond the particular form being created, preventing delamination of the stock while the first, second and third forms are formed.

Abstract: A method of making an impression die comprises the steps of providing a substantially planar bendable bimetal plate 10 consisting of copper and steel bonded together, forming a relief pattern 14 in the surface of the copper for example by an etching process, forming the plate into a non-planar sleeve with the copper on the outside and joining the free edges of the sleeve together. Preferably the free edges of the sleeve 10 are joined together while the sleeve is mounted on a metal mandrel 15.

Abstract: Laminations to be stacked as magnetic cores are produced from a very thin amorphous metal strip, using a punch press with accurate punch/die clearance. The laminations are collected on conveyor spindles or a transport rod or pipe, in either case being arranged without the need for substantial handling. Heat annealing and anti-vibration treatments can be applied along a conveying path. The laminations are grouped in a stack to define a core and are packaged or encapsulated in electrically nonconductive coverings. The finished core has advantageous electrical characteristics and low cost.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of a multi-layer pipe (5) by means of a bending roller with individual material layers (1, 2) to be combined into the multi-layer pipe (5) being placed one upon the other, and the multi-layer material thus formed being shaped into a multi-layer pipe (5) by means of the bending roller, and in the final stage of pipe shaping in the bending roller and/or a subsequently used bending machine a material layer (1) acting as an internal pipe being pressed non-positively into a material layer (2) acting as an external pipe.

Abstract: A method for increasing slab rolling yields and rolling mill efficiency by minimizing shearing and crop losses in the rolling of assembled slabs. An assembled structure for aluminium rolled products includes a core slab with a reduced cross-section in the thickness direction of the slab in at least one of the slab edges running parallel to the rolling direction. At least one second slab is assembled to the core slab. The edges of the slab may have a cut-out and/or a tapered shape. A method of reducing shearing and crop losses at the rolling of assembled slabs, by using a core slab with a reduced cross-section in the thickness direction of the slab in at least one of the slab edges running parallel to the rolling direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounting device (1) with one metallic base plate (2), from which a plurality of mounting eyelets (3) protrude. The mounting device (1) is obtainable by incising a plurality of arc-shaped eyelet blanks (4) while leaving two connection sections (5) per eyelet blank (4) into the surface of the base plate (2) and production of the mounting eyelets (3) by bending the eyelet blanks (4) out of the base plate (2) around a bending edge (6) in the area of the connection sections (5). At least part of the eyelet blanks (4) are arranged as groups (7) of eyelet blanks (4) with the latter being nested to each other. Preferably, the group (7) of eyelet blanks (4) are arranged rotated relative to each other. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the mounting device (1).

Abstract: Thin shredder blade having blade points without steps, including blade body and cutting part located on periphery of blade body and includes a blade point. The cutting part includes a primary protrusion protruding from the cutting part. The primary protrusion includes a top, an inclined plane extending between the top and blade point, and an acute angle formed by inclined plane and blade body. The plane is an inverted triangle. The cutting part further includes first and second hemlines extending from the blade body and intersecting to the blade point. A first plane extends between the top and first hemline and intersects with the inclined plane. The blade body includes a large protrusion which protrudes in the same direction as the primary protrusion. The blade sets formed by the thin blades and the manufacturing method of the thin blades are provided.

Abstract: A high performance cold plate cooling device including multiple, relatively thin plates, each having patterns formed thereon that, as arranged within the device, cause turbulence in a fluid passing within the cooling device. Adjacent plates within the cooling device are arranged such that fluid channels within their patterns are arranged crosswise. One or more barriers extending at least a portion of the length of the device separate the crosswise channels into two or more flow sections and increase uniformity of thermal performance over the active plate area. Manufacturing of the device includes stacking the plates in an alternating fashion such that the channels within the pattern of each plate are crosswise with respect to the channels in the pattern of an adjacent plate and adjacent barrier walls abut. A method of manufacturing a cooling device is also provided.

Abstract: An electronic casing and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes the following steps. Step (a): a metal laminate and a die of a predetermined shape are provided. The metal laminate comprises a metal top layer and a metal bottom layer that are bonded by interface atom diffusion. Step (b): the metal laminate is processed to form a casing blank by using the die, and the casing blank has at least one turning portion. Step (c): a profiler of a predetermined shape and an electromagnetic forming device are provided. Step (d): the casing blank is attached to the profiler, and the electromagnetic forming device is disposed at a position corresponding to the turning portion. Step (e): the electromagnetic forming device is activated, so that the casing blank has a shape corresponding to the predetermined shape of the profiler.

Abstract: In a rolling step of feeding an electrode hoop (1) having electrode mixture layers (3a, 3b) formed on both sides of a band-shaped core (2) made of a metal thin plate to between a pair of mill rolls (8a, 8b) for rolling, the electrode hoop (1) is fed so that side a is wound about one of the mill rolls if the electrode mixture layers (3a, 3b) of the electrode hoop (1) have different average thicknesses, where the side a is one of the electrode mixture layers of the electrode hoop (1) having the smaller average thickness and side b is the other. This realizes a method for rolling an electrode hoop capable of making a rolled flat electrode even if the electrode mixture layers on both sides of the core have respective different thicknesses.

Abstract: A linear compressor and a method of producing the linear compressor which do not generate eddy currents in an inside stator of a linear motor thereof, thus preventing an eddy current loss, caused by an electrical contact between a plurality of thin metal sheets of the inside stator. The linear compressor includes a cylinder having a piston therein, a magnet arranged around the cylinder to actuate the piston, and the inside stator arranged around the cylinder to be placed inside the magnet. The inside stator has the thin metal sheets arranged in a cylindrical arrangement, and a holder which is made of a nonconductive resin material and to which the thin metal sheets are insert-molded to be held in positions thereof in the cylindrical arrangement. Due to the nonconductive holder, the thin metal sheets are prevented from being in electrical contact with each other, and the linear compressor does not generate any eddy currents in the inside stator, and prevents an eddy current loss.

Abstract: A frame member fastening device and method of manufacture provides a single configuration fastening device which can be used singly in connection with a frame member, or which can be combined with another identical fastening device to form a fastening device assembly for use with frame members of different internal widths, by interlocking two identical fastening devices in an opposed, base-to-base assembly configuration. The fastening device is manufactured in a progressive metal forming process with successive stages in which the features of the device are formed.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for roll forming metal components including substantially channel-shaped members for use in a building structure. The apparatus includes a support frame assembly having front and rear portions. A mechanism is provided for selectively feeding at least one metal strip into the support frame assembly, the metal strip having a pair of side edges and a center web. A plurality of driver roll elements are mounted along the support frame assembly and are adapted to move the metal strip through the frame assembly. Finally, a plurality of spaced idler forming rolls are mounted for free rotation in pairs along the support frame assembly. The idler forming rolls are adapted to simultaneously air form the side edges of the metal strip into angularly extending side flanges by urging the side edges in opposing directions from the center web as the metal strip is moved along the frame assembly by the driver roll elements.

Abstract: A method of making nano/sub-micron sized grains in a work piece material having a lateral side has the steps of providing a die. The die has an entrance channel with a longitudinal axis and an exit channel. The entrance channel and the exit channel are connected to one another to form an angle. The method has the step of providing a first sacrificial material with a complementary size to the work piece and placing the sacrificial first material and the work piece in an entrance channel. The first sacrificial material and the work piece are aligned with the longitudinal axis. The method has the step of extruding the combination of the first sacrificial material, and the work piece through the intersection of the entrance and the exit channels. The resulting shear deformation forms the nano/sub-micron sized grains in the work piece. This configuration reduces frictional effects thereby producing homogenous nano grain structure.

Abstract: The invention is a machine, machine system, and method of using a machine that alters metal plates to enable rigid stacking of the metal plates. In a preferred embodiment, the machine system includes a machine cabinet, a first altering system secured in the machine cabinet and configured to enable the machine to produce a divot or other indention in a metal plate, and a second altering system secured in the machine cabinet, the second altering system being configured to interact with the first altering system to change the shape of a metal plate, such as by bending a corner.

Abstract: A vehicular body panel or component part having a reinforcing backing plate reconciled or joined to a part of a blank material at a position wherein a bending formation is implemented. The backing plate has one or more apertures formed in at least one lateral row at a location equivalent to the position of the bending formation. When forming the blank material and the backing plate concurrently by a bending operation, the backing plate becomes intimately associated with the blank sheet to avoid the backing plate from locally separating from the blank material and from forming a gap relative thereto, with a resultant improved product quality.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for reducing the deformation along a cut contour edge (26) of a sheet (2) caused by the cutting process whereby sheet material (4) protrudes above the top surface of the sheet being cut. One group of embodiments (22, 50, 60) apply pressure to the deformation to flatten the protrusion (4). Another group of embodiments (70, 80) cut away ant material protruding above the top surface of the sheet. The deformation reduction mechanisms of both groups may be mechanically linked to the contour-cutting element or they may pass over the line of the contour cut independently.

Abstract: A rigid structural foil and a method for forming a rigid structural foil is provided. The structural foil includes at least two layers of metal sheets, valley areas and spacers. The metal sheet layers include metal foil having a thickness of 0.006 in. The valley areas are disposed between compressed and uncompressed portions of the structural foil formed during compression of portions of the structural foil. In addition to the valley areas, the structural foil includes spacers. The spacers within the metal sheet layers provide spacing between portions of the metal layers such that the structural foil functions as both a heat shield and an acoustic shield.

Abstract: There are provided a step of preparing a plurality of metal plates that has a concave shape in a center principal portion except a predetermined peripheral portion, and a step of executing a thermal treatment to the plurality of metal plates in such a state that a plurality of metal plates are stacked to mate the predetermined peripheral portion with each other and also predetermined peripheral portions are pushed.

Abstract: The method and the device for manufacturing an acoustically effective foil stack (9) made of embossed foil webs (5e, 5f, 5g, 5h) is characterised by the fact that at least two foil webs lying over one another (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) are embossed at the same time, are conveyed along different length conveying routes (W, W1, W2, W3), and then are brought together into a stack (9), and embossed foil webs (5e, 5f, 5g, 5h) arranged to be lying next to one another are laid down in an offset fashion due to the different length conveying routes (W, W1, W2, W3). A particularly advantageous-design of the embossing rollers (1a, 1b) provides foil webs which have knobs with a draped or folded type structure.

Abstract: The superplastic forming of suitable metal alloy sheets into strong components, such as automobile body structures or panels, is improved and accomplished faster by simultaneously forming two or more substantially identical, relatively thin sheets, preferably about 2 mm or less in thickness, rather than a single sheet of the same overall thickness. For example, two or more layers of thin AA5083 sheets can be stretched formed together at about 500° C. with greater deformation and elongation than a single sheet of comparable thickness.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for molding an assembly panel by manufacturing a blank for a main panel and a blank for a reinforcing panel; temporarily welding the blank for the reinforcing panel to the blank for the main panel along a predetermined welding line; holding the two welded panels in a press and molding the same into a predetermined shape; trimming scraps from the main panel; and spot welding the two panels so that the two panels adhere to each other more firmly.

Abstract: A forge/swage formed three dimensional multilayer metal foil shield having areas therein where the layers are in a spaced apart relationship, areas therein where the layers are tensioned or stretched, and areas therein where the layers are compressed and interlocked together by folding, rolling, wrinkling, curling, coiling, crimping and the like. The multilayer metal foil shield is formed by forge/swage shaping in an appropriate mold apparatus a preform of a stack of metal foil layers having gaps between the layers. The gaps are provided by embossments in the layers or by spacers between the layers. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields have utility as heat shields and acoustic shields, particularly on vehicles. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields are mounted on automobile underbody areas, such as the bottom of the floor pan of the passenger compartment, to provide heat and sound insulation. Other automotive uses include fire wall, exhaust tunnel, motor mount and exhaust down pipe.

Abstract: A forge/swage formed three dimensional multilayer metal foil shield having areas therein where the layers are in a spaced apart relationship, areas therein where the layers are tensioned or stretched, and areas therein where the layers are compressed and interlocked together by folding, rolling, wrinkling, curling, coiling, crimping and the like. The multilayer metal foil shield is formed by forge/swage shaping in an appropriate mold apparatus a preform of a stack of metal foil layers having gaps between the layers. The gaps are provided by embossments in the layers or by spacers between the layers. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields have utility as heat shields and acoustic shields, particularly on vehicles. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields are mounted on automobile underbody areas, such as the bottom of the floor pan of the passenger compartment, to provide heat and sound insulation. Other automotive uses include fire wall, exhaust tunnel, motor mount and exhaust down pipe.

Abstract: Base plates for magnetic data tape cartridges, are initially formed from roll stock of sheet material and are processed to form apertures to receive press-fitting tape guides and pins. The base plates are stacked in orientations that inhibit alignment of apertures, and the stack of base plates is heated at elevated temperature for a substantial time interval while simultaneously being pressed between plane parallel dies to relieve internal stresses and assure planarity within close tolerance limits of the base plates and the regions around the apertures.

Abstract: A flexible multilayer metal structure includes using multiple layers interlocked to form folds holding the layers together. These folds can extend into non-edge portions of the multilayer structure so that the multilayer structure defines air gaps that aid in producing a heat-shielding effect.

Abstract: A composite panel is formed by bonding together at least two overlying sheets of metal. The method comprises performing a first corrugating operation on each of said sheets, and positioning said sheets in overlying relationship with the corrugations of each sheet extending in a common first direction and the corrugations of each sheet nested into those of the other sheet. The method also comprises performing a second corrugating operation arranged to produce corrugations which extend in a second direction which is inclined at an angle of at least 10.degree. to said first direction. Each sheet is formed into parallel upstanding ridges separated by troughs. The troughs in each sheet are received within the ridges of the other sheet. The troughs have reentrant side walls and the ridges vary in width along their length.

Abstract: In a method of using a closed, extruded profile, developing a hollow profile and producing a stepped cross-sectional metal sheet with different wall thicknesses, the profile or the hollow profile is used as a starting material for rolling. The hollow profile has only one wall, which turns back in on itself in the peripheral direction without branching and is of different thicknesses at different points of the periphery. The hollow profile is separated along a surface line, is formed into the semifinished article and is subsequently rolled to produce the metal sheet.

Abstract: A forge/swage formed three dimensional multilayer metal foil shield having areas therein where the layers are in a spaced apart relationship, areas therein where the layers are tensioned or stretched, and areas therein where the layers are compressed and interlocked together by folding, rolling, wrinkling, curling, coiling, crimping and the like. The multilayer metal foil shield is formed by forge/swage shaping in an appropriate mold apparatus a preform of a stack of metal foil layers having gaps between the layers. The gaps are provided by embossments in the layers or may be provided by spacers between the layers. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields have utility as heat shields and acoustic shields, particularly on vehicles. The forge formed multilayer metal foil shields are mounted on automobile underbody areas, such as the bottom of the floor pan of the passenger compartment, to provide heat and sound insulation.

Abstract: A flexible corrugated multilayer metal foil structure comprising a stack of metal foil layers which are formed in corrugations extending across a stack of the metal foil layers, wherein all of the layers have the same corrugated pattern and shape as a result of the stack being shaped in corrugations or the layers being separately shaped in corrugations then nested into a stack. A portion of the corrugations of the stack of metal foil layers can be compressed to fold the layers together whereby the layers are interlocked together in overlapping relationship.

Abstract: A covering (A) which is developed as closure for infusion bottles (3) or the like, having a cap (1) adapted to be flanged at its lower edge (11) onto the neck (2) of the bottle, the cap having a hole (9) in its top (8) for the formation of a puncture region, and in order to obtain a structural shape which is of simpler manufacture and more favorable for disposal, the hole (9) is closed by the foil section (16) of a supplementary cap (17) which, as a result of that fact that it extends to the lower edge (11) of the cap (1), can be flanged with the latter and is attached by adherence to the cap (1).

Abstract: A method for improving the properties of an alloy is provided. The method includes steps of a) preparing a raw alloy to be worked, b) providing a working apparatus, and c) repetitively kneading the raw alloy in the working apparatus until a desired property is achieved. The present invention also provides the working apparatus and discloses the product produced thereby.

Abstract: A sizing die for sizing a plurality of micro-extruded tubes has a side fence, a clamping fence in substantial parallel relation with and movable with respect to the side fence, a base fence adjacent to and perpendicular to ends of the side fence and the clamping fence, and a movable die platen for applying pressure to the top of the stack of tubes. The side and base fences preferably are fixed. The tubes to be sized are stacked on their sides against the side fence with their internal webs aligned throughout. The clamping fence and die platen are moved to be in mating engagement with the stack. Pressure is applied through the die platen against the top of the stack to compress the tubes to a desired thickness.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a flexible connector. An outer die is formed having a mold surface defining an outer surface of the connector. An inner die is formed to have an outer surface defining an inner surface of the connector. A plurality of sheets is inserted into the mold surface with the inner die to form a compact assembly. The assembly is milled to align the sheet edges, and the aligned edges are joined in predetermined sections to form the flexible connector.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a shadow mask includes the steps of preparing a plurality of metal plates having a surface deviation characterized in that its Rsk value is not more than 0.3 .mu.m, preferably less than 0, its Sm value is not less than 60 .mu.m, and its Pc value relative to the band of 1 .mu.m width centered about the center line of a roughness profile is not more than 60/cm, forming a plurality of apertures in each of the plates, registrating and piling up the plates upon each other, annealing the plates piled upon each other, and pressing and molding the annealed metal plates into a predetermined curvature. Each of the metal plates preferably has Ra in the range from 0.1 to 0.7 .mu.m.

Abstract: A fluid such as a fluidized bed or a molten bath, is heated to a temperature sufficiently high to soften a substantially rigid body of material and sufficiently low to avoid damage to the material. While maintaining the fluid at this temperature, the body is immersed in the fluid to heat the body uniformly. Pressure is applied to the heated body to form it into a desired three-dimensional configuration. The heated body is removed from the fluid either before, after, and/or while the pressure is applied. The body is allowed to cool and harden into its desired configuration. The body is preferably formed between a flexible member and a mold surface. The method may be used to form various types of material, including honeycomb core, laminated sheets of plastic, plastic tubing, and titanium. The body may be precut and indexed and secured to a mold which is immersed in the fluid with the body.

Abstract: A method for making sectionally deformed band plate feeds by cold-rolling metal band plate feeds between work rolls wherein at least one of the work rolls has a barrel provided with a circumferential groove, a plurality of metal band plate feeds with substantially equal resistance to deformation, while overlaid one upon another, are rolled together between the work rolls to a reduction ratio of 30% or lower at one feeding operation, and the resulting metal band plate feeds are separated from each other.

Abstract: A method for predeterminately sizing a core using a pair of generally opposed die means operable for compressing only an outer circumferential section of the core defined generally axially between a pair of opposite end faces of the core at least generally adjacent an outer circumferential surface thereof, respectively. A pair of sizing means are operable for disposition in confronting and predetermined radially spaced apart relation with the outer circumferential surface and a plurality of tooth tip rows defining an inner circumferential surface of the core between the opposite end faces thereof, and the outer circumferential surface and the tooth tip rows of the core are displaced generally radially inwardly thereof into sizing engagement with the sizing means thereby to effect the predetermined sizing of the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the core in response to the compressing of only the outer circumferential section of the core by the opposed die means, respectively.

Abstract: The method of making a heterogeneous, Damascus-type cutting blade, comprising forming an open metal enclosure, placing a stack of metal foils in the enclosure, placing a metal plate in the enclosure on top of the stack of foils, folding in portions of the enclosure on said plate to compress the latter and stack of foils, heating and hammering the enclosure and foils to bond the same together, removing the enclosure from the bonded foils, and finish-griding the bonded foils.

Abstract: Bonding pressure is uniformly applied to the lay-up (70) of a bonded product (10) by the disposition of flexible, compressible, perforated sheet material (85) between the lay-up and a pair of molds (75 and 80) during the manufacture of the product by diffusion bonding.

Abstract: A method of forming a deep-drawn and ironed container having a bottom profile wherein a cup is formed by drawing an inverted cup and reverse drawing the cup and simultaneously imparting a bottom profile thereto while controlling the thickness of the material in the bottom. The method also includes providing support to the profiled bottom while ironing the cup thus formed. The method is accomplished by a system which includes a draw-redraw station wherein the inverted cup is adjustably held by a fluidly actuated lift out ring and draw pad in the bottom area against a punch during reverse drawing to control metal thickness in the bottom. A separate pressure sleeve is also engaged with the profiled bottom during ironing to prevent pulling material from the bottom.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a porous thin foil at least comprising a process for folding a first metallic plate having a large elongation percentage in half and putting a second metallic plate having a small elongation percentage between the folds of the folded first metallic plate, a process for cold-rolling a laminate of the folded first metallic plate and the second metallic plate put between the folds of the folded first metallic plate, and a process for separating a porous thin foil formed from the second metallic plate from the first metallic plate.The porous thin foil thus formed has numerous elongate fissures extending perpendicular to the direction of rolling, and hence the porous thin foil has a fibrous construction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rolling of bright foil wherein a foil pack is comprised of foil webs each having a relatively bright side and a relatively gray side, which webs are provided by a split mill having work rolls which are differentiated as to surface finish roughness, and wherein the pack is formed with the relatively bright sides of the foil webs juxtaposed and the relatively gray sides thereof providing contact surfaces which contact the pack mill work rolls during pack rolling.

Abstract: A method of making a mask arrangement including two (2) or more of masks for a mask-focusing color picture tube and the mask arrangement formed by the method. A plurality of apertured flat masks, each mask comprising an effective portion having apertures and a non-effective portion surrounding the effective portion, are prepared. The flat masks are aligned and stacked, then filling material is poured into the apertures. The filling material is solidified thereby fixing the flat masks together. The fixed masks are pressed into a predetermined curved shape. Then, the filling material is removed from the apertures and the masks are separated.