Abstract: Enhanced structural insulated panels, related processes, and related structures and systems provide several improvements over conventional structural panels. Some embodiments of the enhanced structural insulated panels comprise at least one exterior surface that is configured to provide a high degree of spectral reflectivity, such as comprising but not limited to a stainless steel or other material having a mirrored exterior surface. The outer surface may preferably be imparted with a series of waves, such as within a lay pattern, wherein the series of waves may preferably comprise varying wavelengths and wave heights.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing metal-based, high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMs), for example microchannels in a heat exchanger. The preferred manufacturing method operates in a continuous mode, and employs low-temperature rolling of metals. A process is disclosed for bonding metal microchannel sheets or plates to flat metal sheets or plates to form single-, double-, and multiple-layered microchannel structures. The process can operate at much lower temperatures than prior methods of compression microscale molding of metals, at room temperature or even lower.

Abstract: A method for continuously removing scale from a hot-rolled carbon steel strip includes: cracking the scale on the hot-rolled steel strip; shot-blasting the cracked scale to remove the scale; deforming the hot-rolled steel strip so as to weaken the bond between scale remaining after the shot-blasting and the hot-rolled steel strip and so as to impart surface roughness to the hot-rolled steel sheet; and polishing the deformed hot-rolled steel strip to remove the remaining scale.

Abstract: A method for straightening a tube by using an asymmetric roll, which has different diameters D1 (exit side), D2 (entry side) at relative maximum diameter portions, left and right roll shoulder portions, as a straightening roll of a straightener, wherein the roll shoulder having a smaller diameter is disposed to be located on the tube entry side. The straightening roll used therefor comprises roll shoulders 3a and 3b and a roll barrel portion 4, in which D1>D2 and 0.004?(D1?D2)/d?0.2 (d: outer diameter of tube to be straightened) are satisfied. Further, an aspect of the invention may define radii of curvatures of entry-side and exit-side shoulder potions in a section of the roll cut along a plane including the roll central axis, or a curve representing an outer surface of the roll barrel portion.

Abstract: A contoured roller set and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. A male roller having a convex surface and a pair of female rollers each having a concave surface can receive a generally thin sheet of material and impart a doubly-curved shape to the sheet. The convex and concave surfaces of the male and female rollers can have a radius of curvature chosen to match a radius of curvature of the sheet of material. The rollers are positioned and shaped to urge the sheet between the female rollers to cause the sheet to curve toward the male roller.

Abstract: A process for producing a structure in a smooth sheet-metal strip includes multiple process steps. In a first step, a first section of a smooth sheet-metal strip is fed to a first tool and a second section of the sheet-metal strip is fed to a second tool in a direction of advance. Then the sheet-metal strip is stopped. A sheet-metal machining of the first section of the sheet-metal strip is carried out using the first tool. A sheet-metal machining of the second section of the sheet-metal strip is carried out using the second tool, with the first feeding step being carried out simultaneously. An apparatus is provided for producing a sheet-metal strip of such a complex structure, which produces the structure with a very high degree of accuracy even when the materials properties differ.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a profile having a cross-section of different thicknesses from a flat metal strip is provided. In this process, a roller pair produces at least one first recess on at least one side of the metal strip, the recess being widened by following roller pairs with incrementally enlarged recess width to form a region with a reduced material thickness. The aim of the invention is to improve the production process, in particular to avoid the formation of undulations during the production of the profile. For this purpose, the invention provides that regions of the flat metal strip which are arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are bent up before and/or during an engagement of a roller pair.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet capable of cooling control of a steel sheet even when disposing a cooling device capable of cooling from inside a finishing mill. The manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet comprises: an immediate rapid-cooling device capable of spraying cooling water, at least a part thereof being disposed inside a final stand in the row of hot finishing mills; a device for measuring a temperature on an entry side of a final stand; a device for measuring a steel sheet passing speed; a device for predicting a rapid-cooling stopping temperature which calculates a predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature; and an immediate rapid-cooling control device which corrects the water supply volume or water supply pressure of the immediate rapid-cooling device such that the predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature matches a targeted rapid-cooling stopping temperature.

Abstract: A round steel rod having a carbon content between 0.30 and 0.60% is processed by a cold working process to form a flat wire for forming a ring gear. The cold working process forms a semifinished flat wire by at least one cold rolling or cold roller drawing step and at least one two-way or four-way rolling step. The semifinished flat wire is processed by die drawing using a drawing die to obtain a finished flat wire in a last stage of the cold working process. The cold working process reduces the round steel rod at a total area reduction of 65% or below.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming aluminum ingot having shaped ends to avoid alligatoring during rolling.

Abstract: A method for flattening steel strip by cold rolling wherein the strip is passed through at least two cold rolling mill stands each having work rolls. A first mill stand has work rolls having local rigidity K significantly different from a second milled stand. The local rigidity K is calculated in Kgf/mm/mm in accordance with an equation. A six high mill comprises a pair of driven backup rolls disposed on the entry side, a pair of horizontal support rolls disposed on the exit side, and a pair of small diameter work rolls having an entry side face and an exit side face. The work rolls are disposed between the backup rolls and the support rolls, wherein during operation the entry side face of the work rolls engages the backup rolls and the exit side face of the work rolls engages the support rolls.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a golf club head composed of a metal main body and a non-flat metal face member which are welded each other is disclosed. In order to make the non-flat metal face member, an in-process face material is cut out from a rolled metal plate having a constant thickness. And a turnback is formed around the in-process face material by press working. Before making the press working, the region of the in-process face material corresponding to the turnback is decreased in the thickness by a cutting work.

Abstract: A continuous repetitive method of rolling a series combination of asymmetric rolling and skin pass rolling operations is provided. Differential-speed rolling is performed as the asymmetric rolling, and a winder temporarily winds a metal strip with a collapsed plate shape by traverse winding (loose winding which allows the metal strip to be wound in a zigzag manner). Then, the skin pass rolling is performed, and orderly winding is performed in a coil form. In the flow of rolling, tandem rolling may be performed by arranging two or more rolling mills side by side so that the asymmetric rolling and the skin pass rolling operations are continuously performed without the traverse winding therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention provides a learning method of rolling load prediction which uses a prediction error of a rolling load at an actual pass of a stock in hot rolling to correct a predicted value of rolling load at a subsequent rolling pass. The method comprises changing a gain for multiplying with the prediction error of the rolling load at the actual pass in accordance with a thickness of the stock to thereby set the learning coefficient of the rolling load prediction and improve the precision of the prediction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Cluster mill which utilizes a Cluster mill gauge control system, has a high mill stiffness, a large work roll gap for threading, a rapid work roll gap opening, accurate roll force computation, side to side tilting, and utilizes work rolls over a much wider diameter range.

Abstract: A mandrel mill is provided which can perform elongation rolling with a markedly increased working ratio and dimensional accuracy on a material which is inherently difficult to roll such as a hollow shell made of stainless steel or a thin-walled material. A mandrel mill for manufacturing a mother tube by performing elongation rolling of a hollow shell comprises a plurality of roll stands, having at least one 4-roll stand for wall thickness reduction of a hollow shell and at least one 2-roll stand including the final stand downstream of the 4-roll stand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for rolling strips in the roll stand of a rolling mill, wherein said roll stand consists of two axially displaceable working rollers which are provided with a CVC-grinding or a similar contour and whose curved profile is expressed in a third or higher-order polynom and, simultaneously with simple handling of working rollers with large possibilities of adjusting the profile and flatness, the aim of said invention is to homogenize the working rollers wear.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for roughening the surface of a metal sheet used as electrode support in industrial electrochemical applications, and an electrode made by such method. Mechanical roughening is imparted by skin-passing the sheet between two rollers of a rolling mill, at least one of which is patterned according to a predetermined profile to be transferred by compression to the surface of the metal sheet.

Abstract: A method of reducing thickness of unbroken rolling stock (14) by longitudinal rolling includes deforming the rolling stock (14) in the width direction with deformation regions (26 to 29; 86 to 88) of the rolls (22 to 25; 82 to 84) penetrating in the rolling stock to the same depth.

Abstract: A rolling mill stand and related rolling mill for rolling rod-shaped bodies, even large in size, which meets the requirement of stiffness uniformity of the rolling mill stands in the transversal direction, all the hydraulic capsules being firmly fixed to the external structure of the rolling mill and providing for the side change of the rolls of each stand. The arrangement of rolling rolls and related extensions of each rolling mill stand is such to avoid problems of corrosion and damaging to the extensions themselves and to the reducers due to the drainage of the cooling waters.

Abstract: A method for flattening steel strip by cold rolling the strip by passing it through at least two cold rolling mill stands each having work rolls. A first of the mill stands has work rolls having local rigidity K significantly different from a second mill stand, wherein the local rigidity K is calculated in Kgf/mm/mm accordance with an equation. Also a six high mill for flattening steel strip has an entry side where the strip enters the mill and an exit side where the strip exits the mill. The mill comprises a pair of driven backup rolls disposed on the entry side of the mill, a pair of horizontal support rolls disposed on the exit side of the mill and a pair of small diameter work rolls, the work rolls having an entry side face and an exit side face. The work rolls are disposed between the pair of backup rolls and the pair of support rolls.

Abstract: A method to manufacture tubing includes co-forming a base material strip and a liner material strip into a string of internally-lined tubing and joining edges of the base material strip to form a seam therebetween.

Abstract: A straightening machine (1) having upper straightening rollers (5.1, 5.2, . . . ) and lower straightening rollers (6.1, 6.2, . . . ) is provided, with the straightening rollers being drivable via coupling elements (5.1?, 5.2?, . . . ; 6.1?, 6.2? . . . ). The upper straightening rollers and the lower straightening rollers are arranged in upper and lower interchangeable cartridges, respectively, together with the pertaining coupling elements, with the cartridges being removable from the straightening machine. The straightening machine provides that at least one of the upper and lower interchangeable cartridges is configured to be separable in such a manner that the relevant straightening rollers (6.1, 6.2, . . . ) can be exchanged optionally together with at least the pertaining coupling elements (5.1?, 5.2?, . . . ; 6.1?, 6.2? . . . ) by removing the entire upper and/or lower interchangeable cartridge or without the pertaining coupling elements by removing only part of the relevant interchangeable cartridge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture a profile with a cross-section of different thicknesses from a flat metal strip (7) by means of roll-profiling. In this process, a roller pair (2.1, 2.2) produces at least one first recess on at least one side of the metal strip (7), said recess being widened by following roller pairs with incrementally enlarged recess width to form a region with a reduced material thickness (12.1, 12.2). The aim of the invention is to improve the production process, in particular to avoid the formation of undulations during the production of the profile. For this purpose, the invention provides that regions of the flat metal strip (7) which are arranged adjacent to the at least one recess (9.1, 9.2) are bent up before and/or during an engagement of a roller pair (2.1, 2.2).

Abstract: A rolling method and a rolling apparatus for flat rolled metal materials stably produce flat-rolled metal having no or extremely little camber. The rolling mill having work rolls with split backup rolls supporting at least one work roll is provided with at least one pair of pinch rolls. The pinch rolls apply tension to the rolled material. The difference between the rolling direction force acting on the pinch rolls at the right and left sides is calculated. Optionally, the rolling direction force acting on the work rolls at the right and left sides is also calculated. The left-right difference of the roll gap of the work rolls is controlled as a result of the calculated difference.

Abstract: A rolling method and a rolling apparatus for flat-rolled metal materials that stably produces flat-rolled metal materials having no or extremely little camber. The rolling mill having work rolls with split backup rolls supporting at least one work roll is provided with at least one pair of pinch rolls for clamping the rolled material on the exit side of the rolling mill. The difference between the rolling direction force acting on the work rolls at the right and left sides is calculated. The left-right difference of the roll gap of the work rolls is controlled as a result of the calculated difference.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for rolling metal sheet or plate are provided. The method comprises the step of feeding the metal plate or sheet into a rolling mill at an angle. The apparatus comprises a rolling mill having a tilted feed table, or an apron upon which a transfer table and tilted feed table can rest. Through-thickness gradient and shear texture can be improved using the methods and apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 340 MPa or more, which can prevent galling, can be manufactured even if a large number of the steel sheets are continuously press-formed. This is because a surface texture thereof is con-trolled so that the surface texture includes flat areas in which a roughness profile has a deviation of ±2 ?m or less from a filtered waviness curve and a dented portion having a maximum depth between 10 ?m and 50 ?m from the filtered waviness curve, wherein an average area of the dented portion is more than 0.01 mm2 and 0.2 mm2 or less, and an area fraction of the dented portion relative to the entire surface thereof is 5% or more and less than 20%.

Abstract: A process for producing a structure in a smooth sheet-metal strip includes multiple process steps. In a first step, a first section of a smooth sheet-metal strip is fed to a first tool and a second section of the sheet-metal strip is fed to a second tool in a direction of advance. Then the sheet-metal strip is stopped. A sheet-metal machining of the first section of the sheet-metal strip is carried out using the first tool. A sheet-metal machining of the second section of the sheet-metal strip is carried out using the second tool, with the first feeding step being carried out simultaneously. An apparatus is provided for producing a sheet-metal strip of such a complex structure, which produces the structure with a very high degree of accuracy even when the materials properties differ.

Abstract: A method of leveling metal strip having a thickness ?1 mm has the steps of passing the strip in a travel direction through an upstream braking-roller set and a downstream tension-roller set and through a group of leveling rollers between the braking-roller set and the tension-roller set. A predetermined tension equal to at least 70% of a yield limit of the strip is applied to the strip between the braking-roller set and the tension-roller set for stretch-bend or tension straightening by differentially driving the upstream and downstream roller sets. The strip is bent between the leveling rollers to correct longitudinal curve. Leveling rollers are used of diameters that increase downstream in the travel direction and that are so great that the strip follows the curvature of the leveling rollers at the predetermined tension.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a hot-dip plated metal strip comprising the steps of: annealing a metal strip; imparting plastic strain to the metal strip; drawing the metal strip into a molten metal bath for plating; drawing up the metal strip out of the molten metal bath without contacting the molten metal with a roll in the molten metal bath after turning around the metal strip upward with adhering the molten metal on the metal strip; and controlling the coating weight of the molten metal adhered on the metal strip with a wiper. According to the method of the invention, a hot-dip plated metal strip can be produced, in which buckling does not occur, lateral evenness of coating weight is excellent, and dross defects are few.

Abstract: A plurality of rollers for producing longitudinal grooves in an elongated metal substrate, the plurality of rollers comprising a first set and a second set of rollers, the plurality of rollers having groove-forming fluted edges thereon. The plurality of rollers are aligned circumferentially around and parallel to a longitudinal axis of the elongated metal substrate, wherein the plurality of rollers are configured to produce an odd number of grooves distributed asymmetrically about a circumference of the elongated metal substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for continuously manufacturing metal sheets. The method includes: (a) providing a first metal coil having a first end and a second end; (b) continuously driving the first end of the first metal coil to move forward; (c) providing a second metal coil having a first end and a second end; and (d) lapping and rolling the first end of the second metal coil and the second end of the first metal coil, so that the second metal coil moves forward following the first metal coil. In this way, the present invention only causes a few seconds' delay in rolling, so a small piler is needed, thus reducing the space of the production line and saving the facility cost.

Abstract: To provide a method and apparatus for seamless tubes in which the occurrence of material peeling can be prevented even when the skew angle ? and tube expansion ratio are increased. A piercing-rolling method for seamless tubes using a piercer, which is provided with a pair of cone-shaped main rolls and a pair of disk rolls, each pair being arranged in an opposing manner with a pass line therebetween as a center axis, and a plug whose center axis coincides with the pass line, wherein a billet to be pierced and rolled is advanced while being spirally rotated by a drive rotation of the main rolls; the method of which is characterized in each of the disk rolls being arranged in an inclined state at a fixed skew angle ? to the pass line.

Abstract: A high quality hollow shell in which the occurrence of internal surface flaws caused by the rotary forging effect and/or shear deformation is prevented by suppressing the rotary forging frequency and shear deformation in a transient region at the stage of billet gripping and a worsening of thickness deviations in the top portion of the hollow shell is also prevented is reliably produced with preventing miss-rolling such as incomplete billet gripping and troubles in bottom withdrawal and an increase in the outer diameter of the hollow shell in the bottom portion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a rolling stand, a rolling train, and a method for rolling a stepped preprofiled metal strip. In order to guarantee that the metal strip is free of waviness in its longitudinal direction, even after individual thickness reduction of the steps, the invention proposes that the thickness reduction be carried out on a step-specific basis according to the following mathematical relationship: ?hi/hi=?hi+1/hi+1=?=constant, where ?hi represents the amount of the thickness reduction in the region of the i-th step, and hi represents the value of the resulting thickness of the metal strip 200 after rolling in the region of the i-th step.

Abstract: A method for rolling thin and/or thick slabs made of steel materials into hot-rolled strip, which were previously cast as thin or thick slabs in a continuous casting machine, heated to rolling temperature in a pusher furnace or in a walking-beam furnace, and rolled in a common rolling train, then cooled and wound into coils. The method is carried out in a continuous manner at maximum capacity of the roughing train according to the quality standard of the hot-rolled strip while roller wear is reduced due to the fact that the roughing train is formed inline by roughing stands and finishing stands into which thin slab sections or thick slab sections are introduced at a suitable point of the roughing train according to the thickness thereof.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing a shaped metal member from a feedstock comprising a flat web of metal includes a roll-forming station for shaping the web, a cutting station for cutting the shaped web into individual members, and a processing station for altering a physical characteristic of the metal comprising the members. The processing may include heat treating and/or shaping. The process may also be operable to carry out further operations such as marking, inspection, sorting and the like. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating arcuate sheet metal components for HVAC duct systems passes an elongate straight preformed strip of metal between a pair of rollers to deform the strip to form arcuate sheet metal duct components.

Abstract: A tooling assembly 10 having a first set of blades which are formed from a first material and a second set of blades which are formed from a second material and which may be used to perform a cutting operation.

Abstract: Roll forming a round tube to a square tube without applying excessive load to the raw tube scheduled portions to become corner portions and shoulder portions. This invention structures the curvature of the rotation axis direction of the forming roll surface in a way that in relation to other raw tube locations (straightening precedes for the raw tube locations adjacent to the corner portion scheduled locations of the square tube. It disposes stands of four-direction roll structure at the forming roll stand furthest upstream and furthest downstream sides and disposes stands of upper-lower and left-right two-direction roll structure between the upstream and downstream roll stands, and by adopting forming roll with a structure having a curvature for constricting the raw tube locations to become the shoulder portions adjacent to the corner portions of the square tube at a smaller curvature than that constricting the raw tube portions to become the side portion centers of the square tube cross section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for leveling profiles (5). When the hot-rolled profiles are cooled off, they deform considerably. Therefore, the profiles are not leveled while they are hot but are first cooled off. The inventive method for the first time allows leveling hot profiles at a profile temperature of >70° C. while maintaining their once leveled profile shape when cooled off. For this purpose, the leveling force during leveling is applied directly to the flange (5b, 5c). As a consequence, the original state of stresses in the web (5a) and in the web roots remains unchanged and disadvantageous internal stresses are avoided.

Abstract: A hemming processing apparatus (10a, 10b) is provided with a hemming roller (30), a roller moving apparatus (74), a movable mold (18), and a mold moving apparatus (72). The roller moving apparatus (74) moves the hemming roller (30) on a flange (17) of a work (12). The movable mold (18) supports the work (12). The mold moving apparatus (72) adjusts a direction of the movable mold (18) in accordance with a movement of the hemming roller (30).

Abstract: A tooling assembly 10 having a first set of blades which are formed from a first material and a second set of blades which are formed from a second material and which may be used to perform a cutting operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the section and sizing of rolling mill products for wire rod comprises a first finishing monoblock (10) made up of a plurality of rolling stands (G1-Gn) arranged in sequence suitable for forming a rolling line and a second monoblock (20) suitable for giving the product a round section with narrow tolerances. According to the invention, said second monoblock (20) comprises a sequence of stands (S1-S4) of the type with grooves configured so as to give a round-oval-round-round section to the product.

Abstract: An auxiliary embosser for use with a mobile or stationary on or off-site roll forming apparatus which roll forms sheet material into objects such as a rain gutter or aluminum siding having complex cross section profiles. The auxiliary embosser includes a frame adapted to be aligned and attached adjacent to the apparatus in relation to a roll formed object discharge thereof. The frame includes closely spaced mating embossing rollers held for rotation in the frame about spaced rotational axes and aligned to receive one surface of a roll formed object discharging from the apparatus. The embossing rollers are formed having a profile of their mating surfaces configured to be substantially similar to a profile of the one surface of the object and further include a decorative design which is embossed into the one surface of the object while being moved through the embossing rollers as controlled by the apparatus.

Abstract: A piercing method for manufacturing a seamless pipe capable of suppressing the rotary forging effects and suppressing the redundant shear strain without excessive narrowing of the roll diameter is provided. This method is characterized by holding a feed angle ? and a cross angle ? of main rolls in a range satisfying the following expressions (1) to (3), setting the relationship between outer diameter “d0” of the solid billet and the outer diameter “d” and thickness “t” of a hollow piece after piercing so as to satisfy the following expression (4), and further setting the relationship between inlet diameter D1 and outlet diameter D2 of the main roll with the above-mentioned “d0”, “d” and ? so as to satisfy the following expression (5) 8°???20°??(1) 5°???35°??(2) 15°??+??50°??(3) 1.5???r/???4.5??(4) (d/d0)/(0.75+0.025?)?D2/D1??(5) In the expression (4), ?r=1n(2t/d0) and ??=1n{2(d?t)/d0}.

Abstract: A method of X-H rolling of a parallel flange steel structural shape or beam with an H cross section using a compact rolling group. In the first universal mill frame the vertical roll have roll surfaces inclined to one another at an angle up to 10° whereas in the second universal mill frame the vertical rolls have cylindrical roll surfaces which divide the H opening cross section with lateral surfaces of the horizontal roll. The structural shape is rolled in the second universal mill frame to up to 100% of the reduction in the first rolling mill frame.

Abstract: A method and a device for the production of curved spring strip sections. A spring strip runs through a bending unit formed from three separate support points and a reverse bending unit, arranged in series, and formed from a fourth support point. Bent and reverse-bent spring strip sections are separated off from the spring strip in a separator unit. In order to achieve a compact construction for the device, the third support point of the bending unit and the fourth support point of the reverse bending unit are adjustable in position relative to the spring strip, by a controller with pre-set programs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for specifically adjusting the surface structure of rolling stock (3) during cold rolling in skin pass mills. The aim of the invention is to partially transfer the surface structure of the working roll (2) onto the rolling stock (3). To this end, the change of roughness of the rolling stock (3) in the rolling process of a single- or multiple-stand, preferably two-stand skin pass mill is calculated in an optimization calculation in which the rolling parameters are varied according to the mill capacity using a tribological model that mathematically describes the friction conditions in the roll gap (1). The results obtained are then used to readjust at least a part of the rolling parameters used for calculation.