Abstract: A method of imparting deep compressive residual stress to an aerofoil, the method involves determining a stress map for the aerofoil for stress generated by Foreign Object (FOD) impact, a stress map for the aerofoil of high cycle fatigue, a stress map for the aerofoil of low cycle fatigue and determining a combined stress map by combining the stress map of FOD impact, the stress map of high cycle fatigue and the stress map of low cycle fatigue. A zone is then defined on the aerofoil from the combined stress map for receiving the deep residual compressive stress, and compressive residual stress imparted to the defined zone.

Abstract: Surface texturing is employed to modify the topography of one or more surfaces (radial or cylindrical) of the sealing system for a roller cone rock bit. The surface texturing results in a dimpled surface which retains additional lubricant helpful in reducing friction in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. Shot peening is disclosed as one method for texturing the desired surface.

Abstract: A method of shot peening in which with respect to a carburized and quenched metal part, only its surface abnormal layer detrimental to the fatigue strength thereof is scraped without scraping of the martensitic structure underlying the surface abnormal layer, namely, in which the fatigue strength can be rendered stable and enhanced without surface cracking. As bombardment shot, use is made of a shot with hardness higher than that (first hardness) of the surface abnormal layer occurring at a surface layer portion of metal part prior to shot peening but lower than that (second hardness) of the martensitic structure.

Abstract: An apparatus for stress shot peening of a coil spring is disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention is constructed such that coil springs, which are compressed and clamped by corresponding spring clamping units (20) facing each other, are rotated on their own axes and are simultaneously supplied into the shot room (10) for shot peening. Therefore, the present invention can markedly enhance the internal stress of the coil spring, compared to a coil spring treated by the conventional shot peening apparatus. Furthermore, in the present invention, because the coil springs are clamped by the corresponding spring clamping units facing each other and are simultaneously rotated and moved into the shot room for shot peening, various kinds of side load coil springs, as well as a typical cylindrical coil spring, can be evenly treated throughout the entire surface thereof by shot peening.

Abstract: Surface texturing is employed to modify the topography of one or more surfaces (radial or cylindrical) of the sealing system for a roller cone rock bit. The surface texturing results in a dimpled surface which retains additional lubricant helpful in reducing friction in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. Shot peening is disclosed as one method for texturing the desired surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ball for a constant velocity joint, and a method for producing the same. The ball for a constant velocity joint is produced via a quenching step for heating a spherical body consisting of a material corresponding to a high carbon chromium bearing steel regulated by Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) to 840-900° C. and then cooling the spherical body under such a condition as 10-25 vol. % of austenite remains up to a first part where the depth from the surface is 0.1 mm, a step for tempering the spherical body at 150° C. or more, and a step for shot peening the spherical body and imparting a compression residual stress of ?1000 MPa or more to a region reaching second part where the depth from the surface is 0.2 mm.

Abstract: A spring wire with hardness of 50 to 56 HRC is subjected to first and second shot peening processes within a warm working temperature range of 150 to 350° C. In the first shot peening process, the first shot of a shot size of 1.0 mm or more is used. In the second shot peening process, the second shot smaller in shot size than the first shot is used. Through these shot peening processes, compressive residual stress is imparted to the spring wire. The spring wire includes a residual stress increase part, residual stress peak part, and residual stress decrease part. In the residual stress decrease part, a part including the compressive residual stress magnitude of which is equivalent to the magnitude of the compressive residual stress at the surface of the spring wire exists at a position at a depth exceeding the permissible pit depth.

Abstract: A method of inducing compressive residual stress of blading members integrally formed with a rotor. The method includes using a caliper-type burnishing tool such that the caliper arms of the tool are contoured and oriented for placing the burnishing elements on opposite sides of the blading member to be treated. The blading member is burnished to introduce a pre-determined pattern of residual compressive stresses in a selected area of the blade.

Abstract: There is provided an austenitic stainless steel pipe excellent in steam oxidation resistance. The austenitic stainless steel pipe excellent in steam oxidation resistance contains, by mass percent, 14 to 28% of Cr and 6 to 30% of Ni, and is configured so that a region satisfying the following Formula exists in a metal structure at a depth of 5 to 20 ?m from the inner surface of the steel pipe: (?/?)×?/?×100?0.3 where the meanings of symbols in the above Formula are as follows: ?: sum total of the number of pixels of digital image in region in which orientation difference of adjacent crystals detected by electron backscattering pattern is 5 to 50 degrees ?: the number of total pixels of digital image in region of measurement using electron backscattering pattern ?: analysis pitch width of electron backscattering pattern (?m) ?: grain boundary width (?m).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component {1, 2, 3, 4, 6) within the interior of a vehicle. Specifically, the present invention relates to a part of a seat-structure. The present invention further relates to a process to produce a component { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) Within the interior of a vehicle.

Abstract: The reflection portion of the reflection member is moved along the inner surface in the hole of the pipe from the entrance opening of the hole of the pipe to the exit opening of the hole thereof. In this case, the reflection portion is guided by the guide portion provided at both sides of the reflection portion. The shots, which are projected toward the inner surface in the hole of the pipe, reach the reflection portion through the holes of the guide portion of the entrance side, and they are reflected toward the inner surface in the hole of the pipe. Since the shots can be reflected toward the inner surface inside in the hole of the pipe, the tendency that shots may be moved toward the inner surface outside in the hole of the curved portion can be small.

Abstract: A tip tool guide apparatus 1 includes a swivel supporting unit 20 that is supported in a water chamber 100 of a steam generator by being stretched while pressing a stationary structural member provided in the water chamber 100 and that swivels around a pivot TL, a tip tool that is connected to the swivel supporting unit 20 with a slide table 30, i.e., a movable member, and a manipulator mounted on the slide table 30 interposed therebetween and that performs processing on a surface to be processed, and a pressing member 10A that reinforces the swivel supporting unit so as to withstand the force applied to the swivel supporting unit 20 in the swiveling direction of the swivel supporting unit 20, and that is provided in the water chamber 100.

Abstract: An article includes a titanium substrate, a metallic layer diffusion bonded with the titanium substrate and a residual stress region that extends through the metallic layer and at least partially into the titanium substrate.

Abstract: A process for extending the cyclic service life of thermal barrier coatings made of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) or the like which have been applied to a substrate with an oxidizing bond coat in between includes increasing or long-term stabilizing the strain tolerance of the thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: To correspond to a shape of a shot-peening worked portion and to prevent a situation where shot media scatter around the worked portion. To achieve this object, a shot peening apparatus for hitting shot media B against a welded part W and for applying a compressive stress to the welded part includes a kinetic-energy applying unit 26 that applies kinetic energy to the shot media B by an oscillator 26b, and a surrounding unit that surrounds both a worked portion U including the welded part W and surroundings of the oscillator 26b, and that confines the shot media B within the surrounded region while changing a state to correspond to a shape of the worked portion U.

Abstract: A controlled shot-peening of blisk blades (1) uses a stream of spherical shot-peening medium transported by compressed air or water. The shot is driven essentially at a right angle onto each blisk blade individually, actually simultaneously on both blade sides, and with identical impact intensity and immediately opposite on both sides in several side-by-side processing paths extending over the entire blade surface. A dual-nozzle unit (6) is linearly moveable in two directions normal to each other, and swivellable about an X and a Y axis. The unit (6) includes two preferably rectangular, essentially parallel arranged, shot-peening nozzles (7), whose spacing is settable in accordance with the blade profile, each of which has a nozzle opening situated at the same level and facing the pressure or the suction side of the respective blisk blade, and featuring identical distance to the respective blade surface during shot-peening.

Abstract: A high-energy treated cutter comprising a substrate having a top surface, an outer region, and an inner core and a wear resistant layer coupled to the top surface. The high-energy treatment alters the substrate's physical properties so that the inner core provides greater toughness and the outer region provides greater hardness, and greater abrasion resistance. The layer is protected prior to commencement of the treatment. In one embodiment, a cover is positioned to surround the layer and then the cutter undergoes treatment, wherein the cutter is subjected to impact forces with other cutters. In another embodiment, the cutter is positioned within a recess formed in a tray table, thereby providing protection to the layer. The cutter is secured in place via vacuum, glue, or weight. A spray nozzle applies shot material directed to the substrate of the cutter, thereby applying the impact forces to alter the substrate's properties.

Abstract: An outer ring 6a for a shell-type radial needle bearing having a cylindrical shape with a bottom is achieved for which fatigue life of the bottom plate section 9a and the continuous section between the bottom plate section 9a and the cylindrical section 8a is improved, as well as the anti-corrosion characteristic of the outer ring 6a is improved and the outer ring 6a can be prevented from coming out of the bearing without an increase in cost. After obtaining an intermediate raw material 35 having a cylindrical section and a bottom plate section from a metal raw material, shot peening is performed on the intermediate material 35 to create residual compressive stress in the surface and surface layer section on the outer surface side of the cylindrical section 8a and the bottom plate section 9a such that the residual compressive stress in the surface layer section on the outer surface side is greater than the in the surface layer section on the inner surface side, and from the surface to a depth of 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides titanium material for a separator for solid polymer fuel cell use comprised of titanium which has a surface layer part where conductive compound particles are affixed, which is excellent in contact resistance between the separator surface and carbon paper and in durability, and which is low in cost and superior in recyclability and a method of production of the same. This titanium material for separator use has on the surface of the titanium base material a film comprised of the titanium compound particles made of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, or titanium carbonitride and titanium oxide. The film has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 ?m, the coverage rate is an area percentage of 20% or more, and the contents of carbon and nitrogen in the film total 5 to 40 at %. The titanium material for a separator is produced by annealing or shot blasting and pickling.

Abstract: Uniform nano-scale microstructures can be reliably formed on the surface layer of this metal product while still improving the surface roughness and make the surface layer robust enough not to disappear due to wear. The surface of the metal product is repeatedly subjected to instantaneous rapid heating and rapid cooling by intermittently ejecting onto the surface of the metal product shot with a mixture of three or more approximate but different particle sizes for a high ejection density, thereby forming uniform microstructures near the surface of the metal product and forming micro-diameter dimples in the metal surface.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for shot peening by which a compressive residual stress that is higher than any achieved by the conventional method can be achieved while the thickness of the processed material that is scraped is suppressed. The method is characterized in that the shot materials are shot against the processed material that has the hardness of 750 HV or more that is calculated from equations (1) to (3) below. The shot materials have Vickers hardness that is higher than the hardness of the processed material by 50 HV to 250 HV. The thickness of the processed material that is to be scraped is suppressed to 5 ?m or less. HV(m)={f(C)?f(T,t)}(1??R/100)+400×?R/100??Equation (1) f(C)=?660C2+1373C+278??Equation (2) f(T,t)=0.

Abstract: A spring wire is subjected to a first shot peening process and a second shot peening process. In the first shot peening process, a first, shot is projected on the spring wire at a first projectile speed. High kinetic energy of the first shot produces compressive residual stress in a region ranging from the surface of the spring wire to a deep position. In the second spring wire process, a second shot is projected at a second projectile speed lower than the speed of the first shot. The kinetic energy of the second shot is lower than that of the first shot. The low kinetic energy of the second shot increases the compressive residual stress in a region near the surface of the spring wire.

Abstract: First shaped item with shaft part is produced by forward extrusion forming of work, and further, upset forming thereof is carried out to thereby obtain second shaped item with large-diameter part. Subsequently, backward extrusion forming of the second shaped item is carried out to thereby obtain third shaped item having not only cup part provided with ball rolling grooves but also circular diameter expansion portion provided at the mouth area of the inside wall of the cup part along the circumferential direction in such a fashion that the diameter is gradually expanded from the bottom side toward the opening side. Outer ring member for constant-velocity joint is obtained by further subjecting the third shaped item to low-temperature annealing treatment, shot blast treatment and lubricating chemical coating treatment, and thereafter to ironing forming.

Abstract: Aluminum-based alloys for casting or wrought processing having improved combinations of properties, including improved high temperature strength, are provided. The alloys generally comprise copper, magnesium, silver, and titanium, along with scandium and/or cobalt. Zirconium, zinc, and/or vanadium may also optionally be present in the alloy. When cobalt is present in the alloy, nickel may also optionally be present. Cast and wrought products, as well as methods of making the same using the alloys, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Impact consolidated powders form deposits that are densified by substantially simultaneous shot peening of the impact consolidated powder.

Abstract: A method for setting shot-peening process condition includes a step of obtaining, for each of a plurality of peening conditions for a first combination as a combination of a shot peening processing apparatus and media, a saturation time based on a saturation curve indicating change in arc height value of Almen strip against projection time. The method includes a step of determining a first optimum peening condition corresponding to the first combination based on the saturation time.

Abstract: A device for surface blasting, e.g., for ultrasonic shot blasting, components, e.g., gas turbine components, includes at least one vibrator having an oscillating surface, e.g., having at least one ultrasonic sonotrode, the or each oscillating surface of the or each vibrator being adjoined by a machining chamber for receiving a section to be blasted of the component to be machined. The machining chamber is bounded in its cross-section by at least three sides, e.g., by at least two substantially vertical sides and by at least one substantially horizontal side. At least the substantially vertical sides of the machining chamber are formed by oscillating surfaces of in each case one vibrator.

Abstract: A method for peening a component of a gas turbine engine, or a module of a gas turbine engine, without removing the component from the assembled gas turbine engine or module includes blending the damaged area of the component, determining parameters for peening the damaged component, and peening the damaged component without removing it from the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for modifying a surface of a component is provided. In use, a surface of a component is translated relative to at least one jet for a period of time to form a plurality of features thereon.

Abstract: A method of processing an article includes mechanically working an article having a metallic layer disposed on a titanium substrate and establishing a residual stress region that extends through the metallic layer and at least partially into the titanium substrate.

Abstract: Articles containing fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers on at least part of their exposed surfaces are imprinted with surface structures to raise the contact angle for water in the imprinted areas at room temperature by equal to or greater than 10°, when compared to the flat and smooth metallic material surface of the same composition.

Abstract: An interbody spinal implant including a body, the body comprising: a top surface; a bottom surface; opposing lateral sides; and opposing anterior and posterior portions; the top surface, bottom surface, opposing lateral sides, internal wall surface, and opposing anterior and posterior portions defining a substantially hollow center having a single vertical aperture defining an internal wall surface, the single vertical aperture (a) extending from the top surface to the bottom surface, (b) having a size and shape predetermined to maximize the surface area of the top surface and the bottom surface available proximate the anterior and posterior portions while maximizing both radiographic visualization and access to the substantially hollow center, and (c) defining a transverse rim, wherein at least a portion of the internal wall surface has a roughened surface topography.

Abstract: A method of reducing crack propagation in an airfoil includes: providing an airfoil having a root spaced apart from a tip, spaced-apart leading and trailing edges, a suction side extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and an opposed pressure side extending from the leading edge and the trailing edge, supporting the airfoil against bending loads; and burnishing the airfoil using a burnishing element, so as to create at least one burnished section of residual compressive stress, the at least one burnished section being located adjacent the leading edge and spaced from the leading edge by an offset distance selected so as to avoid deformation of the leading edge.

Abstract: A bolt has a male screw with a surface hardening portion that has an increased surface hardness and that is applied with a compressive residual stress. The male screw is formed by cutting the bolt, and performing a process to provide at least on the surface of the male screw of the bolt the surface hardening portion that has increased hardness and that is applied with a compressive residual stress. As a result, the fatigue resistance of the male screw is improved and the bolt is effective for use in a portion where the male screw is subject to a repetitive stress.

Abstract: A high hardness, high toughness and inexpensive shot material for shot peening is provided. The high-hardness shot material for shot peening comprises, in mass %, 5 to 8% of B; 0.05 to 1% of C; 0 to 25% of Cr; balance Fe and inevitable impurities. B and C are contained in a total amount of 8.5% or less.

Abstract: Surface texturing is employed to modify the topography of one or more surfaces (radial or cylindrical) of the sealing system for a roller cone rock bit. The surface texturing results in a dimpled surface which retains additional lubricant helpful in reducing friction in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. Shot peening is disclosed as one method for texturing the desired surface.

Abstract: A method for increasing diffusibility of metallic surfaces and its applications in surface treatment of metallic implants, which combines a mechanic means and a chemical means, whereby the mechanic means increases the diffusibility of the surface while the chemical means forms a chemically modified surface layer for improved properties suitable for particular application of the metallic materials, especially in the bio-medical areas. This surface treatment can increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of stainless steel and reduces Ni release from implants made from NiTi wires.

Abstract: A metallic article with improved fatigue performance and resistance to corrosive attack and stress corrosion cracking is produced by treating a first area of a metallic article with a first surface treatment that induces a specified amount of cold work. A second, sacrificial area of the metallic article in electrical communication with the first area is treated with a second surface treatment that induces an amount of cold work higher than that of the first surface treatment. Due to the differences in cold work resulting from the different surface treatments, the second area of the metallic article is less noble than the first area and is therefore more susceptible to corrosive attack. As a result, the second sacrificial area will preferentially corrode leaving the first area protected from corrosive attack. Compressive residual stresses induced in the surface of the metallic article through the surface treatments improve the fatigue performance and resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a platform, a stylus, and an ultrasonic energy generation system. The platform may be capable of holding a sheet of material. The stylus may be capable of impinging the sheet of material to incrementally form a shape for a part. The ultrasonic energy generation system may be capable of sending ultrasonic energy into at least a portion of the sheet of material in a location on the sheet of material where the stylus impinges the sheet of material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel tube for boiler, used for superheater or reheater in thermal power plant, giving excellent resistance to high temperature steam oxidation, in particular to an austenitic stainless steel tube containing 16 to 20% Cr by weight, and being cold-worked at the inner surface of the tube. The Cr concentration in the vicinity of the inner surface of the steel tube is 14% by weight or larger, and the hardness at 100 ?m depth from the inner surface of the steel tube is 1.5 times or larger the average hardness of the mother material or is HV 300 or larger.

Abstract: Gas turbine engines systems and related methods involving dimensionally restored fasteners are provided. In this regard, a representative method for dimensionally restoring a mechanical fastener for a gas turbine engine includes: providing a mechanical fastener; and relocating existing material of the fastener such that a dimension of the fastener is restored.

Abstract: A food holding device includes a holding bin and an optional heating component. The holding bin has a specified average surface roughness Ra on at least a portion of the surface intended to be contacted with food during storage of the food.

Abstract: A rolling bearing arrangement which has rolling elements and at least one cage guiding the rolling elements. The cage has at least one contact zone for sliding contact with a further contact zone.

Abstract: In substantial volume production operations involving hot blow forming or hot stamping of aluminum alloy sheet workpieces, debris largely comprised of particles of aluminum alloy material adheres to critical forming surfaces of the heated steel tools. This debris mars forming surfaces and causes defects in aluminum alloy parts formed against them. Such aluminum-rich debris may be reactively transformed to change its adherent properties and removed from tool surfaces without removing the heated tool from production. In one embodiment, a hot sacrificial magnesium sheet may be formed on the tool(s) to alloy with aluminum debris and carry it from the forming surface.

Abstract: A process for treating a surface of a component to improve its surface finish and induce residual compresses stresses in a near-surface region of the component. The process entails performing a first peening operation to form residual compressive stress layers in the near-surface region of the component, and then performing at least a second peening operation to cause surface smoothing of the surface of the component while retaining residual compressive stresses in the near-surface region of the component. The first peening operation comprises wet glass bead peening at a first intensity with a first glass bead media, and the second peening operation comprises wet glass bead peening at a second intensity with a second glass bead media, wherein the second intensity is lower than the first intensity and the second glass bead media is smaller than the first glass bead media.

Abstract: Ultrasonic peening treatment is desirable where an application of a compressive stress is helpful to reduce the incidence of crack formation on highly stressed parts. Ultrasonic peening treatment can be performed in field applications without requiring a rotor to be removed from the machine. The system includes an acoustic element that excites peening media within a peen chamber. A frame is attachable to an assembled turbine rotor component and includes support structure engageable with the acoustic element. The frame is cooperable with a chamber tooling that defines and encloses the peen chamber together with the turbine rotor component.

Abstract: A method for hardening a surface of a component in a wind turbine is disclosed. The component to be hardened includes a surface and the surface is applied with a blasting material by ultrasound waves. The component is a part of a drive or a drive housing, a bearing surface, a gear wheel or a pinion. The ultrasound waves are emitted with the aid of a piezo electric transducer.

Abstract: Both the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of a coil spring are peened by passing sequential segments of the spring around offset pulleys mounted within a peening cabinet. As the spring is pulled around one of the pulleys, the coils fan out from the pulley to permit the peening media to impact portions of the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the spring, and as the spring is pulled around the other pulley, the portions of the surfaces not peened as the segment traveled around the first pulley will be peened.

Abstract: A stabilizer apparatus includes: a stabilizer which has a torsion portion and arm portions extending from both end portions of the torsion portion so as to have an approximate U-shape; a bush which is provided at both the end portions of the torsion portion and is used for fixing the stabilizer to a vehicle body; and a movement stopper member which is made of resin, has a contact portion contacting the bush, and is integrally molded to the torsion portion so as to cover overall periphery of predetermined range of the torsion portion in an axial direction thereof, wherein a concavo-convex structure engaging with the movement stopper member is provided on a peripheral surface of the torsion portion. The reliability can be improved by preventing of the movement of the bush.

Abstract: Solutions for robotic fastener peening in turbine machines are disclosed. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes: a peening machine having a peening head; a robotic apparatus including: a robotic arm coupled to the peening machine; and a base member coupled to the robotic arm, the base member mounted independently of the machine element; a vision system for locating a fastener on the machine element; and a control system coupled to the vision system, the peening machine and the robotic apparatus, the control system configured to control movement of the robotic apparatus and the peening machine based upon vision system data and spatial information about the fastener and the machine element.