Abstract: The manufacture of hydroforming of a deformable expansion bellows. A deformable sleeve is held on a support with an inner sleeve supported inside it to define a space into which is injected liquid under pressure. An axial force is applied to the sheath with the space pressurized to produce corrugation of the sheath so as to form a bellows.

Abstract: A multiple groove pulley is formed from a cup-shaped blank by an apparatus and method in which axially displaceable segmental shaping rings are positioned at axially predetermined positions along the wall of the blank. Fluid pressure communicated to the interior of the blank expands the wall of the blank into contact with the shaping rings and at least one of the shaping rings is independently movable in an axial direction while the blank is compressed for simultaneous formation of the grooves. A sleeve member is movable axially over at least one of the shaping rings to resist radial movement of the segments while at the same time permitting full compression of the blank.

Abstract: A mandrel that forms an annular space when inserted within a tube and has O rings adjacent each end and a leading end having a tapered portion and a spring cooperatively associated with the O ring to facilitate sliding the mandrel into the tube and forming a fluid-tight seal adjacent the leading end of the mandrel so that pressurized fluid can be introduced into the annular space to expand the tube into engagement with a tube sheet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming contoured tubular shapes, wherein the reshaping is accomplished without substantially changing the wall thickness of the tube material such that the strength of the resultant contoured shape is not effected. Forces are applied to an area of a tube in which the contour is to be changed. The forces are controlled so as to start reformation at one portion of the area and progress axially along the tube until the desired contour in that area is formed; that is to say, there is no incremental flowing increase (decrease) of tube diameter as the tube is contoured. No shaping forces are applied to the remainder of the tube (outside the area to be contoured); the tube material is thus free to move along its longitudinal axis relative to the area being contoured. This axial movement of the material forming the wall of the tube insures that there is substantially no change in wall thickness of the tube material through the area being contoured during the contour process.

Abstract: Large diameter expanding bellows is described for pipe systems produced by the invention from portable apparatus combining fixed and slidable rings, the former connected to an end of and the latter sealably mounted on a sleeve and a skirt slideable into sealing relationship with the former and connected to the slideable ring, pressure fluid admission means communicating with the annular space between the rings and an outlet for regulation of liquid flow therefrom; a sleeve 1 may be strengthened by a core 3 of cement and fitted with a dismountable ring 4 co-operative with a displaceable ring 6 connected to an upper skirt 8 defining a chamber in communication with a pump 15 for introducing fluid in hydroforming to lower fixed ring 4.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making a metal annular member of precise tolerances. The workpiece is formed by welding sheet metal into a tube. The workpiece is presized by expanding it and plastically stretching it into a precise predetermined annular configuration adapted to closely fit a post element having a pair of spaced annular liquid seals mounted thereon. The post element and workpiece are positioned within an annular lower outer die. A cup-shaped upper outer die is placed over the lower die and is used to compress the post element to squeeze the liquid seals to expand them. Forming of the workpiece is accomplished by pumping liquid into the post element between the liquid seals forcing the workpiece to expand against the outer dies and the sheet metal at the end portions of the workpiece to feed into the part being formed from between the outer dies and the post element.

Abstract: An apparatus for the expansion of tube ends inside of a tube plate by means of a probe insertable in the respective tube ends, the probe forming an annular space with the tube member to be widened by means of two seals spaced from one another, a pump operatively feeding the annular space with a pressure medium for the expansion, and a pressure intensifier for bringing the pressure medium to a required pressure. A medium separator is connected via a back-pressure valve to a secondary-sided space of a primary-sided hydraulic oil driven pressure intensifier. A piston displaceably disposed in the medium separator is biased by a return spring in the medium separator, and the pump feeds the hydraulic oil displacing the piston against the restoring force of the return spring for the filling of the secondary space of the pressure intensifier with an operating medium. The operating medium flows from an operating medium-supply container and another back-pressure valve to the secondary side of the medium separator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a stanchion or tube having at least two integral bulbous portions thereon are disclosed. The method involves defining at least two spaced cavities on the outside of a stanchion tube, the inner surfaces of the cavities being shaped to define the outer contours of the integral bulbous portions of the completed stanchion. A predetermined quantity of flowable and substantially incompressible material within the tube between the inner ends of two oppositely directed rods extending into the tube from the ends thereof, to cause the tube to deform in substantial conformity with the inner surface of the cavities. The process is repeated on any other regions having cavities formed on the outside thereof without firstly removing the rods from the tube.

Abstract: A method of bottom-embossing is described wherein a can bottom is embossed by air or lubricant that is trapped between two press elements. The can is embossed without leaving objectionable stress concentrations and provides an identification of the individual press which constructed the particular can.

Abstract: A novel method for the production of a thin shell outer member for an overrunning roller clutch with cylindrical rollers at each end and a central portion profiled to form camming surfaces for the grip rollers and the two ends having smooth cylindrical recesses for the cylindrical rollers.

Abstract: A device and method for the expansion-swaging of tubes into a tube plate where an expansion core is inserted into the tube and two pressure rings on the core axially delimit a radially very narrow pressure space into which a very highly pressurized fluid is introduced, thereby expanding the tube. The pressure rings are of highly pressure resistant material and are supported by abutment shoulders of inner and outer core guide portions engaging the tube with minimal clearance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal poles from a tubular metal element consisting in arranging this latter in a mold cavity and deforming it by explosion. The mold cavity has shaped walls in accordance with the desired configuration of the pole. The explosion is produced inside the tubular element and is propagated to its walls by a liquid medium which fills the internal space of the tubular element. The employed tubular element has a length greater than that of the desired pole and after explosion the deformed tubular element is finished by cutting away the exceeding length.

Abstract: A tubular can body comprising a radially expanded central portion, a neck at each end of the central portion, and a radially extending flange adjacent each neck at the ends of the tubular member. A tubular, elastomeric member is positioned within a die-contained can body and is pressurized to mold the can body to the shape of the die. The operation forms a radially expanded can body, necks the can body adjacent the radially expanded portion, and flanges the ends of the body in a single operation. A tapered elastomeric mandrel may be utilized in place of the tubular mandrel, obviating the necessity of lubricating the mandrel and allowing the body to be axially extended so that the material from which the can is formed is altered in cross section both radially and axially. A structural groove, suitably positioned in the mandrel surface allows flanging to be effected at the upper end of the can body without damage to the mandrel.

Abstract: A cup-shaped blank is extruded through a die onto a cylindrical non-collable mandrel having an external surface pattern counter to a desired internal embossment. Subsequently, the embossed portion of the blank is hydrostatically expanded away from the mandrel to permit removal of the embossed part from the mandrel. The application of hydrostatic pressure to the exterior of the blank during the extruding operation is disclosed.