Abstract: A tool for sealing two ends of a tube of superplastic material in preparation for superplastically forming the tube against inside surfaces of a die by gas pressure inside of the tube. The tool has a longitudinal axis that is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the tube when the tool is positioned in the tube, and has two end caps with a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the tube ends on a plane perpendicular to the axis. A central connecting tube extends between and connects the two end caps. The end caps are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tube, and expand, on heating, into intimate sealing contact with the inside surface of the tube ends.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a circular metal article reinforced by fibres in selected parts of its cross-section is described in which a metal blank of the article is formed and provided with at least one annular groove opening in the axial direction, preforms of reinforcing fibre and filler metal are placed in the groove which is then closed by a metal plug, and the assembly is isothermally forged to produce the article in a single forging step which serves to compress the preforms, weld the assembly together, and shape the article. Such articles may be used for machining high performance rotors for turbojet engines.

Abstract: A aluminum alloy in the form of bulk includes an aluminum matrix and carbon particles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less and dispersed in the aluminum matrix in an amount of 1 to 40 atomic % with respect to the total atoms constituting the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy is produced by preparing a raw material comprising aluminum and carbon as components and forming an aluminum alloy by inserting the raw material into a cavity formed by a set of dies and applying repeatedly plastic deformation to the raw material while maintaining the temperature of the raw material in the range of from 100 to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: High strength steel parts and method of making are disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel material having a tensile strength of at least about 120,000 psi and a yield strength of at least about 90,000 psi and warm forming the blank to provide the part of desired geometric configuration while substantially maintaining or increasing the strength properties of the blank.

Abstract: A large spherical vessel is produced by welding commercially available large plane metal plates together to form a composite plane plate, cutting the composite plane plate to a form adaptable to a spherical surface, and thereafter forming the resulting composite plate blank to spherical form.

Abstract: A film of lithium capable for example of providing the anode of a polymer electrolyte battery is produced by laminating a lithium sheet between two working rolls. At the outlet, the film remains attached to one of the two rolls up to a given point of the circumference of the latter where it forms an angle of about 90.degree. with the meeting point between the two rollers. A sufficient tension is thereafter exerted on the film, which in any case is inferior to the limit of elasticity of lithium, by pulling the film in order to detach it from the surface of the roller and usually so that the given point moves into an intermediate position between 90.degree. and the meeting point, for example about 45.degree.. The product obtained may also be used any time there is a need for a film of lithium having a thickness for example between 10 and 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: A method of making high-strength steel structural members is disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel having a ferrite-pearlite microstructure and high-strength mechanical properties and cold forming the blank by rolling, upsetting, forging, or extrusion to provide a structural member having a desired geometric cross-section while the mechanical strength of the structural member remains substantially the same or greater than the blank.

Abstract: A method of forming a seamless cylinder shell in which a layer of nickel is electroplated on a steel sheet so that a composite sheet is formed. The composite sheet is then preferably cut into a circular blank before further processing. The circular blank is subjected to an oxalic acid pretreatment for the nickel side and a zinc phosphate pretreatment for the steel side to retain a lubricant on the two opposed surfaces thereof and is thereafter lubricated with the lubricant. The circular blank is preferably cupped, relubricated, and drawn into the seamless cylinder shell. The seamless cylinder shell can be finished into a seamless gas cylinder by spinning one end of the cylinder into a cylinder head, internally threading the formed cylinder head, and then heat treating the cylinder.

Abstract: A large spherical vessel is produced by welding commercially available large plane metal plates together to form a composite plane plate, cutting the composite plane plate to a form adaptable to a spherical surface, and thereafter forming the resulting composite plate blank to spherical form.

Abstract: An electrical caulking method for a work made from a magnesium or a magnesium alloy wherein a caulking pin integrally projects from a body, wherein an electric caulking apparatus having two opposing electrodes is used. The work is held between the opposing electrodes so that one electrode contacts the caulking pin and the other electrode contacts the body while an electric current is applied between the electrodes and pressure is exerted therebetween, thereby caulking the caulking pin into a desired shape, and providing at least the one electrode that is brought into contact with the caulking pin of the work of a material having low thermal diffusivity and which is difficult to alloy with magnesium.

Abstract: High strength steel structural members and method of making are disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel material having a tensile strength of at least about 120,000 psi and a yield strength of at least about 90,000 psi and warm forming the blank to provide the member of desired geometric configuration while substantially maintaining or increasing the strength properties of the blank.

Abstract: A method of making high-strength steel parts is disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel having a ferrite-pearlite microstructure and high-strength mechanical properties and cold forming the blank by upsetting, forging, or extrusion to provide a part having a desired geometric configuration while the mechanical strength of the part remains substantially the same or greater than the blank.

Abstract: Rapidly solidified aluminum base alloy is flow formed into tubes and tubular components using conventional flow forming equipment. A preform of preselected configuration and wall thickness for either forward or back spinning is fabricated. Flow forming is then carried out. The beginning of the flow forming step is offset by leaving undeformed a small section of the preform.

Abstract: A heat-resistant ferritic stainless steel plate or foil having improved toughness as well as workability is disclosed, which consists essentially of:C: not larger than 0.020%,N: not larger than 0.020%,wherein,C(%)+N(%): not larger than 0.030%,Si: not larger than 1.0%,Mn: not larger than 1.0%,orone or more of Si: larger than 1.0% but not larger than 5.0% and Mn: larger than 1.0% but not larger than 2.0%,Cr: 9.0-35.0%,Al: 3.0-8.0%,Y: 0.010-0.10%,Ti: 0.010-0.10%,Mo: 0-5.0%,Fe and incidental impurities: balance,and which is manufactured by cooling the hot-rolled steel plate at a cooling rate of 20.degree. C./sec- or higher immediately after hot rolling, coiling the hot-rolled steel plate at a temperature of 400.degree. C. or lower, and preferably cold rolling the resulting hot-rolled steel plate until the thickness thereof reaches 50 micrometers or less, and applying Al vapor deposition to both sides of the thus-obtained foil to a thickness of 0.2-4.0 micrometers.

Abstract: A sputtering target preferably having an average crystal-grain diameter of 300 .mu.m or less and a maximum magnetic permeability of 100 or less is formed of an alloy consisting essentially of, by atom, 5- 30% Ni, 5- 14% Cr, not more than 6% V, and balance of Co and unavoidable impurities. It is preferable for the target to keep a working-strain remaining therein to reduce the maximum magnetic permeability. A method of producing a sputtering target for magnetic recording and reproducing, in which warm working or cold working is applied to the alloy.

Abstract: A method of forming a seamless cylinder shell in which a nickel sheet is clad to a steel sheet so that the sheets are uniformly bonded throughout and a composite sheet is formed. The cladding is preferably effectuated by explosive cladding. The composite sheet is then preferably cut into a circular blank before further processing. The circular blank is subjected to an oxalic acid pretreatment to retain a lubricant on the two opposed surfaces thereof and is thereafter lubricated with the lubricant. The circular blank is preferably cupped, relubricated, and drawn into the seamless cylinder shell. The seamless cylinder shell can be finished into a seamless gas cylinder by spinning one end of the cylinder into a cylinder head, internally threading the formed cylinder head, and then heat treating the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of making high-strength steel parts is disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel having a ferrite-pearlite microstructure and high-strength mechanical properties and cold forming the blank by upsetting, forging, or extrusion to provide a part having a desired geometric configuration while the mechanical strength of the part remains substantially the same or greater than the blank.

Abstract: A bushing having an outer sliding surface is produced by a die forming method without machining. A crowning shape is provided to the outer surface so that the outer diameter of the bushing is smaller at its opposite longitudinal ends, and increases progressively toward a central zone of the bushing. A cylindrical bushing blank is fitted on distal end portion of a vertically-movable mandrel. Next, one of an upper die and a lower die is reactively moved toward the other to plastically work the bushing blank by the both dies and the mandrel, thereby working the bushing. An inner diameter of the upper die is larger at its lower end, and decreases progressively away from the lower end, and an inner diameter of the lower die is larger at its upper end, and decreases progressively away from the upper end.

Abstract: An inner sliding surface layer of a bearing bushing is formed into a crowning shape in an axial direction by a die shaping method. A bushing blank fitted on a generally-tapered lower end portion of an upper mandrel is inserted, together with the upper mandrel, into a hole in a forming die, and the bushing blank is deformed between the forming die, the upper mandrel and a lower mandrel having an upper end portion similar in shape to the lower end portion of the upper mandrel, thereby obtaining the bushing having the sliding inner peripheral surface of a crowning shape.

Abstract: Sway bars made of high strength steel having grains with a preferred orientation, and methods of making such sway bars from blanks of high strength steel typically having a yield strength of at least about 90,000 psi and a tensile strength of at least about 120,000 psi.

Abstract: This invention is characterized by working which improves metal formability. This is contrary to the usual result of working metals, where formability decreases during working.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for forming a sheet element with a contoured surface from a plane titanium or titanium alloy sheet by hot deep-drawing in a press. The plane sheet is preheated to a temperature of at least 730.degree. C. and transferred to a non-preheated deep drawing tool. The deep-drawing tool is placed in a press for a period of time sufficient for the temperature of the element to be at least 700.degree. C. at the end of the deep-drawing operation. The deep drawn element is transferred to a calibration tool and heated to at least 650.degree. C. for a sufficient time to assume a final shape and allowed to cool to room temperature.

Abstract: Two pieces of metal are bonded together at a surface by placing the two pieces into contact at the surface and forging the two pieces in a die which causes substantial displacement of the metal originally at the surface in a direction parallel to and outwardly from the edges of the surface. In this way, many of the defects which are potentially present at the original surface are displaced with moving metal away from the original contact between the two pieces of metal into sacrificial ribs and the remaining defects are exposed to significant strain. A portion of the displaced metal which contains many of the defects and which forms the sacrificial ribs is removed from the resulting bonded work piece as the sacrificial ribs are removed from the work piece. The result is a bond with superior properties and with a bond surface which can be located very precisely.

Abstract: An article of manufacture having at least a first and a second part, each part having different mechanical properties, compositions, microstructures or combinations thereof, being joined together using a forging process to yield a substantially defect-free joint region. The article in the form of a turbine disk is particularly suited for use in a gas turbine engine in which the hub or inner portion must be resistant to low cycle fatigue and have high strength, while the rim or outer portion must be resistant to stress rupture failure and creep failure.

Abstract: High strength steel parts and method of making are disclosed by providing a blank of high-strength steel material having a tensile strength of at least about 120,000 psi and a yield strength of at least about 90,000 psi and warm forming the blank to provide the part of desired geometric configuration while substantially maintaining the strength properties of the blank.

Abstract: A high strength non-magnetic stainless steel comprising, by weight ratio, less than 0.20% C, less than 1.00% Si, 14-16% Mn, less than 0.005% S, 0.2-1.0% Ni, 15-19% Cr, 0.30-0.40% N, and Fe and other impurity elements, of which C+N constitutes 0.40-0.55% and the Mn equivalent equals 30-33. The stainless steel has a hardness more than Hv 500, a magnetic permeability less than 1.01 after drawing, the steel may be suitably used as the steel for the micro shafts of video tape recorders and electromagnetic valves.

Abstract: A process of making anisotropic permanent magnets by extruding a rare earth magnetic alloy below the melting temperature of the alloy at an extrusion ratio of from 10:1 to 26:1.

Abstract: A method of producing enhanced radial texture in zirconium alloy tubing suitable for use in forming cladding for nuclear fuel rods is provided. The tubing production method described herein employs a combination of mechanical expansion and heat treatment steps in the final stage of tubing formation to produce a single peak radial texture in the tubing, thereby imparting enhanced resistance to pellet-cladding-interaction to the finished tubing. The tubing is preferably processed to a diameter within less than about 10 to 20% of the desired final diameter, annealed, and expanded less than about 10 to 20% to the desired final diameter, thereby producing a unique radial texture in the finished tubing. In an alternative method, the finally expanded tubing is subjected to a final recrystallization anneal to produce a significantly enhanced split radial texture.

Abstract: A process making anisotropic permanent magnets by extruding a neodymium-iron-boron alloy having a grain size of from 500.ANG. to 2000.ANG.at a temperature less than the melting temperature of the alloy at an extrusion ratio of from 10:1 to 26:1.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for deforming a molybdenum based metal part, which involves press forging a powder metallurgically produced part made of material selected from the group consisting of molybdenum metal and molybdenum metal alloys, at a temperature of from about 1700.degree. F. to about 2300.degree. F. at an average strain rate of from about 5 inches per minute to about 20 inches per minute.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a warm rolling method for high Si steel strips, in which the steel strip is connected at both ends with leader strips which are excellent in cold or warm workability, and the ends of the leader strips are connected to tension reels for undertaking warm rolling on the steel strip. Whereby the leader strips are passed through rolls, the rolls can be preheated, and further whereby the both tension reels are disposed within warming furnaces and at least one of the leader strips is made longer than a distance between the tension reels, recovery treatment between passes can be carried out on the steel strip in the full length.

Abstract: A method of making anisotropic permanent magnets by extruding a rare earth magnetic alloy together with an oxygen-getter material at a temperature below the melting point of the alloy at an extrusion ratio of from 10:1 to 26:1.

Abstract: A method for producing a fully dense permanent magnet article by placing a particle charge of the desired permanent magnet alloy in a container, sealing the container, heating the container and charge and extruding to achieve a magnet having mechanical anisotropic crystal alignment and full density.

Abstract: A method for forming in a single step metal slugs of tantalum, niobium or a base alloy of one of these metals, by cold pressing. A lubricant film is either an oxide coating on the metal, into which a polytetrafluorethylene of low molecular weight is embedded, or it is a film of chlorotrifluorethylene. A metal slug is shaped by means of a hard-metal punch with a crowned bottom surface on its punch head and a rounded undercut in the area of the transition from the punch head to the punch shank.

Abstract: The method of the invention relates to the manufacturing of tubes of a continuously cast or the like billet by means of cold working, wherein the temperature of the material rises to the recrystallization range due to the influence of the deformation resistance. The method is particularly related to the further working of billets made of non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, nickel, zirconium and titanium, as well as of their alloys.

Abstract: A new Fe-Mn-Al-C-Nb-Si-Cu alloy for use in ultra-low temperature materials is provided. The alloy has the following composition: 25 to 35 percent by weight manganese, 2 to 10 percent by weight aluminum, 0.1 to 0.8 percent by weight carbon, 0.01 to 0.2 percent by weight niobium, 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight silicon, 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight copper and the balance of iron. The alloy is manufactured by controlled rolling the ingot containing the elemental constituents, and has a tensile strength of above 350 MPa, an elongation of 40%, and a toughness of above 100 joules at -196.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved forging billet of dual alloys and an improved method for forging a dual alloy billet. The billet is cylindrical in shape having an outer tubular portion of one alloy and another alloy filling the central opening through the tubular portion, the ends of the billet include a radial flange of the tubular alloy extending a short distance outward at each end of the billet and having a skirt extending from the outer end of the radial flange axially away from the body of the billet to form a circular opening at each end of the billet which has at least as large a diameter as the outer diameter of the outer tubular portion, and a sandwich structure positioned within each of said circular opening including a plurality of layers of a powdered lubricant, preferably boron nitride lubricant, separated by foil layers, preferably a high purity nickel foil.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for deforming a molybdenum based metal part, which involves press forging a part made of material selected from the group consisting of molybdenum metal and molybdenum metal alloys, at a temperature of from about 1700.degree. F. to about 2300.degree. F. at an average strain rate of from about 5 inches per minute to about 20 inches per minute.

Abstract: A conductor has a core wire and a surface coated with the same kind of material as the core wire material. A copper wire (1) which forms the core wire has its surface cleaned by a preparatory processing mechanism (3) and then it is fed to a continuous sputtering unit (4). The continuous sputtering unit (4) coats the surface of the core wire (1) with copper by a coaxial magnetron sputtering method. Thereafter, this wire is drawn, by cold working, into a thin wire of predetermined size.

Abstract: A process for forging hollow elongated articles from superalloys and titanium alloys. The process employs preconditioned material which has low strength and high ductility. The process is performed in a forging press and has an initial step which converts a preform into a intermediate shape by press motion which produces radial outward workpiece flow. Press punch geometry is then changed and the operation continues with radial inward flow about a mandrel.

Abstract: An apparatus for the in-line annealing of amorphous strip includes feed rolls for substantially continuously feeding the strip during annealing. The strip is first fed into a nip of cooperating heated pressure rolls. The heated pressure rolls rapidly heat the strip to an annealing temperature at a rate of substantially 10.sup.2 -10.sup.4 .degree.C./second while also subjecting the strip to localized plastic deformation. Where multiple ribbons are being fed simultaneously through the heating pressure rolls, bonding occurs to produce a composite strip. The strip is fed from the pressure rolls through an in-line annealer immediately downstream from the pressure rolls. During annealing, the strip is continuously fed and maintained under tension by operation of a winding roll. The strip is annealed at a temperature of between 420.degree.-510.degree. C. for 0.01-10.0 minutes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a tungsten heavy alloy sheet which involves rolling a starting slab consisting essentially of tungsten heavy alloy wherein the tungsten content is from greater than 75% to 93% by weight tungsten by passing the slab one or more times through a rolling mill at a temperature of from 700.degree. C. to 900.degree. C. to reduce the height of the slab by no greater than 10% per pass to a total reduction in height of from 15% to 25%, heating the resulting slab from the first series at a temperature of 1000.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C. for a sufficient time to anneal the matrix of the slab, subjecting the resulting first time annealed slab to a second series of rolling operations by passing the first time annealed slab one or more times through a rolling mill at a temperature of 700.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing tubing composed of material, such as zirconium and alloys thereof, having a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure is provided which increases the radial texture or orientation of basal poles in the crystal structure of the material. The method includes intermediate and final stages. In the intermediate stage, multiple tubing reductions are performed, which each causes tubing wall thickness and diameter reduction and axial elongation, and a recrystallization anneal is performed following each of the tubing reductions. In the final stage, a last tubing reduction is performed, which causes tubing wall thickness and diameter reduction and axial elongation, and a final anneal is performed following the last tubing reduction.

Abstract: A plurality of separate blanks or punchings can be continually processed by first cutting the strips into the dimensions needed for core punchings prior to thermal and magnetic annealing. Thereafter the cut punchings can be fed into the annealing line a conveyor in the sequence of one after another in series, alternatively side-by-side in parallel. The punchings will be flattened with rollers or a press during the stage of heating from room temperature to approximately 300.degree. C. The molten metals adhering to the laser-cut edges or burrs from the mechanical shear can be mechanically removed at this point by brushing. The strips may then be thermally and magnetically annealed in the soaking area. In one embodiment, the temperature may be 400.degree. C. .+-.20.degree. C. for 2605-S2 Metglas material and 360.degree. C. .+-.10.degree. C. for 2605S-C Metglas material with a field of 10 Oe in a non-oxidizing environment.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite sliding material having a sliding portion with a sliding surface is disclosed. A base material billet for the sliding portion is prepared and then at least half of the outer peripheral surface of the base material billet is covered by a protecting material while leaving the surface of the billet, which is to become the sliding surface of the finished composite sliding material, as an exposed portion which is not covered by the protecting member. The base material billet and the protecting material are then extruded simultaneously. The composite sliding material may be made thinner by means of rolling as occasion demands. It is also possible to subject the sliding material to heat treatment before and/or after extrusion, if necessary. A composite sliding material may be produced by pressure-bonding a hard support material such as steel to the protecting material which is used in this case as an adhesive layer.

Abstract: A surgical implant manufactured from austenitic stainless steel by cold-forging has improved mechanical properties and corrosion fatigue resistance. The grain-size index for the cold-forged 316L stainless steel is increased from an ASTM grain-size index of about 8 to an ASTM grain-size index of about 14 by cold-forging the steel into the desired shape. Further improvement in mechanical properties and corrosion fatigue resistance is obtained by stress relieving the material after cold-forging into the desired configuration. The microstructure of the cold-forged material is characterized by the absence of visible slip planes at 600.times. magnification, in contrast with visible slip planes present in the microstructure of the austenitic stainless steel starting material.

Abstract: This invention relates to platinum group metal-containing alloys comprising, apart from impurities:(a) at least 40 wt. % nickel or at least 40 wt. % cobalt;(b) a trace to 30 wt. % chromium; and(c) a trace to 15 wt. % of one or more of the metals platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium.

Abstract: A method of forming a generally planar part for a jet engine is provided. The part is adapted for withstanding high thermal stress but not high mechanical stress. A preformed strip of a superalloy is mounted around a drum shaped mandrel. A low pressure plasma deposit of a different superalloy is formed on the preformed strip. The strip is demounted and mechanically straightened.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electric cable having compressed mineral insulation and a titanium sheath and at least one titanium inner conductor, said method including preparing a titanium sheath preform whose diameter is very much greater than that of the cable, then lengtening the preform by successive hammering and/or laminating operations between which the preform is annealed, wherein the titanium used contains not more than: 0.03% nitrogen; 0.25% oxygen; 0.015% hydrogen; 0.10% carbon and 0.30% iron; wherein its tensile strength is not more than 5.40 N/mm.sup.2 wherein its breaking strain is at least 22%, and wherein annealing operations are performed in a rare gas atmosphere at a temperature lying between 600.degree. C. and 640.degree. C.

Abstract: A flat blank of a metal which becomes superplastic at elevated temperatures is transformed into a part of the desired configuration in an apparatus that is utilized in connection with a hydraulic press, the apparatus having a lower section that is mounted on the press bed and an upper section that moves with the press ram. The lower section includes a forming tool having a contoured surface, the configuration of which corresponds to that which is to be imparted to the blank, and a cooling passage that surrounds the tool. The blank is positioned over the tool and cooling passage of the lower section. The upper section includes a chamber enclosed by walls and a bulkhead, another cooling passage at the lower end of the chamber walls, an infrared emitter within the chamber, and infrared optical sensors that are located outside of the chamber but view the blank through tubes that extend through the bulkhead and the emitter.