Abstract: An edge-finishing device comprises a drive unit (L), a holder (M) and a notched tip (N). The tip combines a number of geometric features known as land radius (Y), flank faces (K), flank radii (I) and root radius (J). Typical useage of the device requires a tip to be fitted into the holder, the tip being then offered against the workpiece using the flank faces for guidance. The land radius determines the contact area. The tip impacts against the workpiece and bends the protrusions over. The flank radii then beat the protrusions thin enough for them to break off or be driven off. The tip continues to impact until the finished edge conforms to the root radius.

Abstract: A hydraulically driven forging machine with four radially arranged working cylinders has piston pumps disposed as individual pumps about the forging machine with all pump-end pipe connections located on the horizontal center plane of the forging machine, so that all pipe conduits leading to the working cylinders are equal in length and as short as possible in order to equalize and minimize stroke volume losses in the four working cylinders which result from the compressibility of the fluid pressure medium.

Abstract: A tubular metal workpiece undergoes radial forging employing shrink forming. A multiplicity of dies are arranged circumferentially around the workpiece and urged radially inwardly in a first shrink forming pass to decrease the diameter of the workpiece. The dies are retracted, the workpiece is rotated slightly and another shrink forming pass is performed. The workpiece is then advanced axially, and the procedure described above is repeated. Procedures are employed to prevent torsional deformation and radially outward extrusion of metal in the gaps between adjacent dies.

Abstract: An operating head (24) carrying a hammering element (28) is introduced into the interior of the workpiece at a position where the workpiece, as measured by a measuring instrument (49,50) shows maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotation symmetrical body. The hammering element is controlled to hammer against the inside at a rate which depends on the distance of deflection and/or the position thereof, during rotation, or longitudinal movement of the workpiece with respect to the operating head, for example by controlling a potentiometer (19) by an eccentric control disk (16) which has its maximum eccentric deflection of position in line with the maximum eccentricity, or deflection of the workpiece (7) from the axis of rotation. The apparatus can also be used to remove dents and the like, by hammering against the dent and longitudinally shifting the workpiece with respect to the hammering element.

Abstract: The fatigue strength of high stress areas of components of diverse shapes is increased by cold forming by clamping the component resiliently between a base and a clamp member urged resiliently toward the base, and impacting the component area with a complementary shaped reciprocative snap die driven by a percussion piston. Two diverging dies may be driven by the same percussion piston to impact two spaced component areas such as opposed fillets of a crankshaft throw.

Abstract: An apparatus for patterning a cylindrical surface comprises a punch held by a holder connected to an arm which is pivotally mounted to permit the punch to strike the cylindrical surface. The cylindrical surface is mounted on a spool which can be rotated relative to the punch. A platform supporting the pivot point for the arm engages a worm gear which can be rotated to translate the platform along the length of the worm gear. The apparatus further comprises at least one source of pressurized fluid, a plurality of pairs of pressure chambers, a piston slidable between each pair of pressure chambers, a dual action on/off valve connecting the pressure source with one of the pressure chambers of each pair, a plurality of restriction valves for regulating the flow of pressurized fluid to each of the pressure chambers, and a programmable controller having a plurality of input and output leads, a plurality of timers, a plurality of counters, at least one high speed counter, and at least one reverse counter.

Abstract: A press type method of reducing the slab width wherein a slab as a rolling stock is reduced in width before rolling comprises: employing as press tools a pair of opposed members at least one of which has an inclined press surface adapted to vibrate in the slab width direction; and moving the slab substantially continuously while continuing the vibration of the press tool. Also disclosed is an apparatus suitably employed for the above method. By the method and apparatus, the clearance between the press tools is reduced to make it possible to shorten the operating time as a whole. In addition, the pressed surfaces of the slab are made excellent in continuity thereby to permit improvements also in formability and production yield.

Abstract: The hot working method using a swaging machine provides for the minimizing heat transfer by the heat conduction from the preheated dies and work through the surrounding mechanical power transmission parts during the swaging process for the workpiece. The swaging machine has a die section including pairs of die elements and curved-profile buckers, the die elements having the working ends exposed toward the center beyond the inner sides of the corresponding buckers and the die elements and buckers being held together by means of steel balls, the motor-driven sectorial spindles for driving the die working section for rotation, the spindles and buckers being held together by means of steel balls, and springs for biasing the die working section toward the outside.

Abstract: The method and apparatus permit a relatively long metal tubing stock to be finished to any desired tapered shape through a single-pass operation. The apparatus is provided in the form of a tandem configuration including any number of individual swaging units each having the identical construction including the same working parts and assemblies. The grooved roll arrangement associated with the tandem-configured swaging units is used as a preliminary step, and forms an initial metal tubing stock to a multiple-stepped shape.

Abstract: Tensile residual stress in an annular welded joint part joining the ends of unit pipes is mechanically removed by applying repeated hammering strokes against the inner surface of the pipes over the entire joint part, thereby to cause such part to undergo local plastic deformation. The repeated hammering strokes, which have a peening effect, are applied by several automatically operating hammering devices mounted radially on a rotary head secured to and unitarily moving with a shaft which is driveable in rotation about its axis and in translation in its axial direction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a swaging machine comprising depth-setting wedges for the use of the machine for recess swaging. These wedges are disposed between each die and the ram for actuating the die and are displaceable parallel to the axis of the machine by means of depth-setting flange, on which said wedges are detachably mounted. The wedges are adapted to be axially inserted into the depth-setting flange so that the large end portion of each wedge is held on said flange, and spring-loaded detent pins are preferably mounted on said flange and adapted to retain said large end portions of said wedges by snapping into detent recesses provided on said large end portions on opposite sides thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a swaging machine which preferably comprises depth-setting wedges which are adapted to be inserted parallel to the axis of the machine between the swaging dies and the die-actuating rams associated with said dies and which permit the use of the machine for recess swaging. Each die and the die-actuating ram associated with said die have parallel bores and a U-shaped spring is inserted into said bores to connect said die and ram. This arrangement will ensure that the opening defined by the dies will be held open even if a machine provided with such depth-setting wedges operates at a low speed or is at a standstill.

Abstract: An automatic production workpiece straightener employing pulsing impact hammer peening blows on the concave curvature side of a distorted workpiece to straighten by imparting compressive stress to the surface fibers thereby permanently deflecting the workpiece in a straightening direction. As applied to rotatable shafts such as cast iron camshafts, a plurality of peening heads deliver rapidly pulsing axially spaced impact blows to cylindrical grooves in the shaft during a limited portion of each continuous revolution as required to provide straightening action with continuous or peening-interrupted automatic gauging for controlling and terminating the straightening action.

Abstract: An automatic closing machine for sheet metal joints in sheet metal ducts or the like consists of a powered rotary hammer for continuous application of a hammering force to the edge portion of a joint to be formed to fold such edge into a closed joint. A supporting frame with a vertically adjustable support permits varying the relative vertical spacing of the edge of the duct and the rotary hammer. Stops locate the duct longitudinally to set the length of the joint relative to the location of the end connecting edges of the duct. Pneumatic clamps secure the duct accurately for forming the joint by the rotary hammer. A track supports the rotary hammer for longitudinal movement and an automatic traversing mechanism moves the rotary hammer therealong. The traversing mechanism automatically moves the rotary hammer back and forth along the track. The vertical adjustment locates the edge of the unformed duct properly relative to the path of movement of the rotary hammer for any selected duct size.

Abstract: The flame-cut sheet metal elements to be deburred have a surface which lies substantially in a plane and have edge portions which are formed with sharp-edged metallic burrs extending generally in said plane and carry slag beads which protrude from said surface. Tool means are caused to perform a gyratory motion parallel to said plane and while performing said motion are engaged with said slag beads to break them off. Said tool means are caused to engage also said metallic burrs while performing a gyratory motion parallel to said plane, whereby said burrs are impact-deformed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cold rolling metal parts to achieve improved surface uniformity and hardening. The method comprises applying to the work piece a pulsating force at a frequency of from about 30 to 300 the duration of the pulses being at least twice the time between pulses. The pulsating force varies from about 10% to 100% above the minimum force necessary to achieve a smooth rolled finish. The method contemplates just statically rolling the work piece and thereafter applying the pulsing force which, in such instance may reduce to zero.

Abstract: A conventional rotary forging machine (M) includes a chuck (C) for gripping a workpiece (W) for moving it axially and for rotating the workpiece during the upset forging operation. The chuck may tend to deform the workpiece and relative axial and rotational movement may occur between the workpiece and chuck, thus requiring a prolonged cycle time for the operation. This invention overcomes the above problems by providing a pusher block (10) having grippers (17) thereon for engaging an end of the workpiece to push it through a pair of forging dies (D) and for simultaneously gripping and rotating the workpiece to prevent relative rotation therebetween. In carrying forth the method of this invention, the pusher block engages an annular (W') of the workpiece.

Abstract: A process for producing a formed member, and a formed member which includes spherical fragments embedded in a metallic matrix is effected through round cold forging. The spheres are arranged in the interspace between a basic support member, which may be a thinwalled inner casing, and an outer casing. Forging of the outer casing causes the material of the support member and the outer casing to be pressed into the spaces between the spheres, densifies the support member and the outer casing, and prestresses the outer casing and spheres, thus allowing the inner casing to be extremely thinwalled. The prestressing of the spheres and outer casing, together with the inner casing imparts a high degree of energy to the casing fragments and to the spheres, affords economies in manufacture and a substantial increase in fragmenting energy at detonation of the formed member.

Abstract: A process for producing a formed member, and a formed member which includes spherical fragments embedded in a metallic matrix is effected through cold annular or round forming. The spheres are arranged in the interspace between a basic support member, which may be a thin-walled inner casing, and an outer casing. Working of the outer casing causes the material of the support member and the outer casing to be pressed into the spaces between the spheres, densifies the support member and the outer casing, and prestresses the outer casing and spheres, thus allowing the inner casing to be extremely thin-walled. The prestressing of the spheres and outer casing, together with the inner casing imparts a high degree of energy to the casing fragments and to the spheres, affords economies in manufacture and a substantial increase in fragmenting energy at detonation of the formed member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tipping off the refractory metal tubulation of a high pressure sodium discharge lamp arc tube including a machine which repetitively squeezes the tubulation through two pairs of sequentially reciprocating jaws to mechanically swage the tubulation to a reduced diameter prior to electrical flashing to cause separation and sealing off of the tubulation.

Abstract: A tube swaging machine used, in particular, for swaging the ends of tubes or for forging objects of round sections in which hammers are radially arranged relative to a workpiece. The hammers are fixed to a piston in a hydraulic power cylinder, through a piston rod on which a spring is mounted. The hydraulic power cylinder is connected to a vibration generator through a conduit. The vibration generator rotates relative to the workpiece and is mounted on a central shaft. The latter is held in bearings in a housing, and is driven through transmission by a motor which may be in the form of a hydraulic motor. The vibration generator is provided with nozzles, and a screen is mounted on an auxillary shaft having a rotational speed and direction which are independent of the rotational speed and direction of the central shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for the straightening (dressing or peening) of relatively large circular-sawblade blanks, especially for hot-sawing circular saw blanks, comprises a stand for a forging hammer which is provided with a pneumatic peening hammer directed upon a working point and a support which is linearly shiftable relative to the hammer. The hammer is vertically reciprocatable and the translation direction of the support is horizontal and perpendicular to the axis of the hammer. The support comprises linearly-shiftable carriage provided with a table which can be rotated about a vertical axis through at least 180.degree. and the peening portion of the hammer is also rotatable about a vertical axis through at least 90.degree..

Abstract: A metal forming apparatus and method which uses the apparatus for closing the metal shell at a corner of a double jacketed gasket assembly. The apparatus includes a roller hammer means having a metal forming tool rotatably mounted eccentrically in a power-driven rotating tool holder mount for free rotation of the tool relative to the rotating tool holder upon engagement of the tool with a gasket shell. The eccentric mounting provides a reciprocating hammering motion to the tool and the free rotation allows the tool to roll along the gasket shell during engagement to avoid tearing of the gasket shell.

Abstract: A method for removing electrical runout in a machine shaft is disclosed. Electrical runout relates to electrical irregularities which can result from non-uniform electrical properties of the materials of the observed surface. A non-contacting eddy current proximity transducer is to be utilized and in which such a non-contacting eddy current proximity transducer is positioned to sense the portion of the shaft from which electrical runout is to be removed. The output of the transducer is sensed to provide an indication of the electrical runout to ascertain where the electrical runout is high and low as the shaft is rotated. The portions of surface of the shaft where the electrical runout is high is cold worked to change the resistivity and permeability of the observed material and bring electrical properties of the worked area in line with adjacent areas to cancel or to remove the electrical runout. In the apparatus, means is provided which performs a peening operation on the shaft to cold work the same.

Abstract: A tool for finishing the internal surfaces of revolution in blanks including a casing having a groove on its side surface for accommodating bodies of revolution which are moved by a fluid pressure. A fluid is fed in through channels in the tool casing, the channels putting the groove in communication with the source of fluid under pressure. The groove is surrounded by a cage accommodating working elements which are installed with a provision for contacting the bodies of revolution and colliding with them in the operating tool. During this collision the working elements produce plastic deformation of the machined surface with a force which is somewhat smaller than in the known tools used for the same purpose.

Abstract: An improved peening tool comprising a cylindrical body having a plurality of holes each adapted to receive a spherically shaped ball bearing. A sleeve member having a plurality of holes is located over the cylindrical body so that each hole in said sleeve is aligned with the hole in said cylindrical body. The diameter of the hole in the sleeve is less than the diameter of the spherically shaped ball. A rotatable driver body is located within said cylindrical body and contains an even number of individual rotatable hammers adapted to sequentially contact said spherical balls. During operation each hammer is free to rotate about its own axis thereby presenting a new contacting point for moving the spherical balls.