Abstract: A system and method of optimizing transmission of a program to multiple users over a distribution system, with particular application to video-on-demand for a CATV network. The system includes, at a head end of the CATV network a scheduling and routing computer for dividing the video program stored in long term fast storage or short term fast storage into a plurality of program segments, and a subscriber distribution node for transmitting the program segments in a redundant sequence in accordance with a scheduling algorithm. At a receiver of the CATV network there is provided a buffer memory for storing the transmitted video program segments for subsequent playback whereby, in use, the scheduling algorithm can ensure that a user's receiver will receive all of the program segments in a manner that will enable continuous playback in real time of the program.

Abstract: A real-time program transmission system and method may receive a signal from a content source, and generate two different data streams. One stream may be of a higher quality than the other. The two streams may then be inserted into time slice frames, such that a single frame carries two portions of data: one corresponding to a first time segment in the program, and a second corresponding to a different time segment in the program. A receiving mobile terminal may buffer the received data, and may use the lower quality data as a backup in the event of a transmission error in the higher quality data.

Abstract: A stream of time-ordered data, such as a movie, is divided into multiple fragments of equal length, which are repetitively transmitted at different respective repetition rates. The fragments are reordered for transmission so that those which occur near the beginning of the original data stream are transmitted more frequently than those which occur later in the data stream. When a user enters a request to utilize the data, the individual fragments are stored upon receipt at the user's premises, and reassembled into a contiguous stream. The ordering of the fragments is such that the wait time required before utilization of the data can begin is limited to a predetermined maximum, and at least one copy of every fragment becomes available by the time it is needed.

Abstract: Replaying a compressed digital video stream in fast-forward and reverse modes at varied playback rates. An index of intercoded frames, those frames not dependant on other frames for generation, is stored. The index includes the size of intercoded frames and their storage location. When a specified playback rate is requested, the intercoded frames are retrieved using the index. The intercoded frames then have one or more intracoded frames, frames that reference other frames for generation, placed between them to generate a frame sequence. The intracoded frames are “blank,” meaning they contain only information from their associated intercoded frame. By inserting “blank” frames specified playback rates and bit rates are generated. The index of intercoded frames may also be accessed to generate playback in reverse mode, which conserves memory resources of associated systems by generating the reverse playback stream in an iterative manner.

Abstract: In an exemplary server implementation, a server is configured to retain at least one independent frame for each video channel of multiple video channels that are being distributed using multicast communications and is adapted to respond to channel change requests from clients by transmitting the retained at least one independent frame of a requested video channel to a requesting client using a unicast communication. In an exemplary method implementation, a method for fast channel changing in a multicast video distribution architecture includes: detecting a channel change request that indicates a requested channel, the requested channel corresponding to a multicast group; and transmitting a retained intra frame for the requested channel as a unicast communication.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of streaming of digital media content made up of a stream of data frames, the method comprising: during playback in one mode of the digital media content, determining parameters associated with a defined type of frame within the digital media stream; and, based upon the determined parameters, estimating the position within the digital media stream of other of the defined type of frame within the digital media stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to fast fill media players and buffers associated with media players. A bandwidth associated with initial startup of a media player is overloaded to rapidly fill the buffer and initiate the media player. Alternatively, multiple simultaneous data communication sessions are established with a media data source device, and the media data are concurrently received from the simultaneous sessions into the buffer or transferred of out the buffer at startup, thereby decreasing the latency associated with initiating the media player.

Abstract: A system providing video data in which a constant bit rate data stream is provided between a video source and a video destination, and has a fixed data rate exceeding a predetermined minimum display rate associated with the video destination. Video data is conveyed from the video source to the video destination at the data rate, and is processed for display at the video destination at a varying display rate, between a minimum rate and a maximum rate. The minimum video data display rate at the video destination is less than the fixed data rate of the stream between the video source and the video destination, and excess received video data is stored in buffers in the video destination. Display of the received video data by a display device at the video destination is delayed from when the video data is received by a delay period, allowing buffers at the video destination to fill with video data.

Abstract: A process for secured distribution of fixed numerical images according to a nominal format resulting from numerical encoding in wavelets, represented by a original stream including a packet relating to organization of a binary sequence that contains at least a block that regroups numerically encoded simple elements according to a mode specified inside the stream and utilized by decoders that are capable of reconstructing or decoding it to be able to correctly display the image including modifying at least one of the simple elements according to at least a substitution operation including extracting the simple element, followed by its replacement by lure data, modifying a principal stream to conform to a nominal format including modified blocks and packets, and by a path that is separate from the principal stream of complementary numerical information and allowing reconstruction of the original stream from calculations, on destination equipment, as a function of the principal stream and the complementary infor

Abstract: Seamless channel changing in a digital-television-based entertainment network can be implemented, for example, by providing an intra frame to a client device upon a change to a new channel even when the broadcast video data is previously compressed on a macroblock basis. In an exemplary implementation, a method includes: receiving a stream of broadcast video data that is encoded on a macroblock basis; continuously decoding the stream of broadcast video data into successive decoded images; and transmitting, responsive to a channel change message received from a client device, an intra frame that has been encoded from a decoded image of the successive decoded images. Other exemplary implementations are described herein.

Abstract: A compact signal coding method and apparatus including obtaining cumulative probabilities for successive quantized samples of a signal, determine the direct probability for the leading one of the successive quantized samples, and encode the quantized sample based at least in part on the determined direct probability.

Abstract: A recording medium, method, and apparatus for reproducing text subtitle streams are disclosed. A microcomputer initially reads a set of PlayItems and a SubPlayItem included in a PlayList which is recorded on a recording medium, and it further reads synchronization information included in the SubPlayItem. Each PlayItem is configured to reproduce at least one main AV stream, and the SubPlayItem is configured to reproduce a text subtitle stream. The synchronization information indicates a presentation start time of the SubPlayItem on a global time axis of the PlayList. When the PlayList is randomly accessed at a random access time on the global time axis, the microcomputer calculates a corresponding access time on a time axis of the SubPlayItem. Then a text subtitle decoder decodes for presentation a dialog presentation segment with the closest dialog start time after the corresponding access time on the axis of the SubPlayItem.

Abstract: Disclosed is a speed-change playback apparatus of a digital TV which performs better fast forward and backward performances by analyzing a transport stream inputted at the time of a time shift service and a method thereof. An MPEG decoder detects I picture location information in a TP packet by analyzing a TP packet inputted at the time of a time shift service, and a time shift software module extracts a TP packet constituting the I picture from the stored TP packets by the detected I picture location information and feeds to the MPEG decoder. Therefore, fast forward and fast backward performances can be efficiently performed by adding a simple logic which analyzes the TP packet to the MPEG decoder.

Abstract: A method for digital video distribution in which a program is transmitted as a multicast stream over a network at a base rate. The stream includes a sequence of frames encoding video data, the sequence containing anchor points. A request from a client to begin receiving the program is received at a time subsequent to a given anchor point in the multicast stream. Responsively to the request, a boost stream is transmitted to the client beginning from the given anchor point at an accelerated rate relative to the base rate. The boost stream causes the client to display the video data beginning from the given anchor point and then to join the multicast stream when the boost stream has reached a point of synchronization with the multicast stream.

Abstract: The present invention is a video digest which extracts only the relevant information out of the video content according to user preferences. Video digest generator is a combination of hardware and software constituting a component of the digital video recorder, which analyzes the content and extracts only the portions which are meaningful or important for the user.

Abstract: Media content is streamed from a server computer to a client computer. A media file format is used to store data for multiple timeline-altered streams that provides support for switching between the different timeline-altered streams during their presentation. In one aspect, a user can switch between different timeline-altered streams. Upon receiving a user request to switch to a particular timeline-altered stream (the target stream), the client computer accesses a time code stream data object corresponding to the current data unit being presented. The time code stream data object identifies a primary stream presentation time corresponding to the data unit. The client then uses the primary stream presentation time to index into a table of mappings to byte offsets. The table provides a mapping of the primary stream presentation time to a corresponding byte offset of the target stream.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a method for transmitting a work to a client which includes steps of: (a) saving at least a portion of the work for a first period of time; (b) receiving a request for the work from the client; (c) transmitting a time-scale modified version of the saved portion of the work for a second period of time, wherein the second period of time is substantially equal to a time it takes for the time-scale modified version to synchronize with the work, had the work been transmitted from a start of the first period; and (d) transmitting the work starting at the synchronized point.

Abstract: A software architecture and control protocol that provides seamless playback of multiple clips of media data across a data network. Conventional server-based data network architecture where playback logic resides on the servers does not provide the capability of seamless playback of multiple clips stored in different servers. The present invention allows users to specify a playlist and provides control on the client with the implementation of a “client pull” data transport model. According to the present invention, the playlist is translated into a plurality of frame accurate requests, which are sent from the client to the servers one request at a time. The servers, upon receiving the requests, retrieve the corresponding frames of media data and transmit the media data back to the client. In this way, the present invention allows a user-interface to provide seamless playback of multiple clips that reside on different servers on the client workstation.

Abstract: A medium streaming distribution system reduces effects of packet loss in a network before the packet reaches radio base station. A medium distribution device for packet-transmits via the base station, a medium stream to the network by a real time transmission protocol. A packet analyzer monitors the packet arriving at the radio base station and transmits feedback information associated with loss of a packet to the medium distribution device. Based on the feedback from a relay device and a terminal device of the medium stream, the transmission rates from the medium distribution device to the relay device and from the relay device to the terminal device are obtained to provide a greater transmission rate in a surplus band for re-transmission or a forward error correction.

Abstract: A television system allows a viewer of a text-enhanced television program to pause the program at a particular frame, browse the enhancements at his or her leisure, and then resume viewing the program from that frame, without losing continuity of the video and enhancement portions of the program, or program content. This is accomplished by time-shifting the television program for later playback. Time-shifting is accomplished through the use of mass storage devices such as semiconductor memory, optical disks, magnetic storage and other FIFO data storage structures. Markers are available that allow the viewer to return to the program at the point that he stopped watching, replaying the program from that point. Text enhancements are provided through the VBI present in a conventional television broadcast signal, through an Internet connection, or by a wireless means such as a pager or cordless telephone.

Abstract: A system is provided where a number of representative video snapshots are displayed on a timeline indicating a position to jump to in a video using control buttons, such as fast forward, reverse, or a timeline scroll bar. The video snapshots are obtained by opening a low resolution connection to a video server to receive forward looking video segments. The forward looking video segments are summarized and the representative video snapshots are selected and displayed to provide a reference frame for the user to select a timeline position, or snapshots directly linked to positions in the higher resolution video. Backward looking video segments may be similarly summarized from the low resolution connection, or alternatively from video previously played. As the video progresses, new forward looking video segments are received and new representative video snapshots are summarized and displayed in close proximity with the video being played.

Abstract: The invention regards a method for broadcasting multimedia signals towards a plurality of terminals as a data flow comprising successive packets, being organised into sessions, a session comprising a set of packets forming a whole, at least some of said sessions being transmitted under several versions, corresponding to different starting moments. According to the invention, such a method implements a mechanism for merging versions of a same session, so that at least two versions starting at different moments use, at first, session portions which are peculiar to them, and, subsequently, a shared session portion.

Abstract: A high-performance directing process has use in sending a trick-mode video stream, of a particular video, from a video server to a viewer network. This directing process—1) receives a series of spaced apart requests from an external circuit with each request being for directions on how to generate a respective portion of the trick-mode video stream, 2) builds in a semiconductor memory, not the entire respective portion of the trick-mode video stream but only selected items which occur therein; and 3) sends combining directions which direct the external circuit to generate the respective portion of the trick-mode video stream by combining the items that are built by the building step with video data previously stored in the memory before the receiving step.

Abstract: A method and a system for providing a file. The method of providing a file by using at least one server linked with a plurality of terminals through a network, the method includes: determining whether there exists a destination terminal which stores a requested specific video-on-demand (VOD) file by searching a database which stores a list of VOD files stored in the plurality of terminals, when a request terminal that is one of the plurality of terminals requests a specific VOD file to be transmitted; and transmitting access information of the destination terminal to the request terminal when there exists the destination terminal and transmitting the requested specific VOD file to the request terminal when there exists no destination terminal. Accordingly, a VOD content is directly transmitted among terminals under a control of a VOD server, when a VOD service is provided.

Abstract: A channel merging method for a VOD system, said method comprises the steps of: in response to requests from a plurality of clients for a video program, establishing a root channel (S1) and at least one sub-channel (S11), said root channel (S1) being established according to a request from a client that makes the earliest request, each of said sub-channels (S11) being established in response to a request from a client that makes a later request; and monitoring variation of the number of the clients that are using each of said established channels, and maintaining the channel if the number of the clients using the monitored channel is not zero, and closing the channel if the number of the clients using the monitored channel becomes zero.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for minimizing the startup delay of streaming media transmitted through networks. A server maintains a portion of the media stream stored in an initial burst transmit buffer. At startup, the stored portion is transmitted at a rate higher than the fixed frame rate, exploiting the full available bandwidth. The initial burst transmission fills up the de-jitter receive buffer at the receiving end faster, thereby shortening the startup delay. Then transmission is switched to the regular rate, from the regular buffer. A variable bit rate transcoder is optionally used for the data of the initial transmission. The transcoder diminishes the size of these frames, so they can be transmitted faster. This shortens the start up delay even more. A receiver has a buffer with a fill level started at a value lower than a final value. This triggers the beginning of play out faster, further shortening the delay time.

Abstract: A high-performance mapping process has use in sending a trick-mode video stream, of a particular video, from a video server to a viewer network. This mapping process generates a trick-mode control map which—1) identifies segments of the normal video stream that include selected pictures which are to be sent from the video server in the trick-mode video stream, 2) incorporates, into the trick-mode control map, the locations of various items in the identified segments of the normal video stream that need to be modified for use in the trick-mode video stream, and 3) stores respective indicators of the type of modification that needs to be made at each of the above locations.

Abstract: A transmission control unit (12) of a transmitting station (10) specifies usable plural transmission paths (20). A data supply unit (11) transfers movie contents file encoded by MPEG 4 to plural divisional distribution encoders (13) corresponding to the specified plural transmission paths (20). The respective divisional distribution encoders (13) divide movie contents file into plural divisional distribution data in which original data file can be restored by carrying out synthesis. Further, the transmitting station (10) transmits divided respective divisional distribution data through transmission paths different from each other. Respective receiving units (31) of a receiving station (30) respectively receive divisional distribution data from the plural transmission paths (20). A linking decoder (32) synthesizes plural divisional distribution data to restore original movie contents file. Thus, high speed transfer of contents file of large capacity can be carried out.

Abstract: A high-performance combining process has use in sending a trick-mode video stream, of a particular video, from a video server to a viewer network. This combining process—1) sends a series of spaced-apart requests to a computer, with each request being for combining directions which indicate how to generate a respective portion of the trick-mode video stream by combining video data that was previously stored in memory before the sending step with selected items that are generated in the computer in response to the sending step; 2) receives the requested combining directions; and 3) uses the directions to combine the selected items with the video data that was previously stored in the memory.

Abstract: Bitstream switching for multiple bit rate video streaming uses a first algorithm to generate multiple encoded bitstreams of a piece of video at different bit rates. A different algorithm is used to generate multiple side bitstreams of the video. Each side stream is generated at respective ones of the different bit rates. The side bitstreams comprise switching frames to switch from a first bitstream encoded with the first algorithm at a first bit rate to a second bitstream encoded with the first algorithm at a different bit rate. At non-bitstream switching points, frames from respective ones of bitstreams generated with the first algorithm are streamed for presentation. At a bitstream switching point, a switching frame from a respective side bitstream is transmitted to a decoder to transition streaming from a first of the respective ones of the bitstreams to a second of the respective ones of the bitstreams.

Abstract: A video device is provided that reduces an original frame rate of video frames by grabbing only every nth video frame and substantially restoring the original video frame rate by reproducing a video frame up to n times or increasing the video frame rate by reproducing a video frame more than n times. In this way, the original frame rate is reduced without compression of the video data, and a higher frame rate may be restored without decompression.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including: an image processor which processes an image corresponding to an image signal; a frame rate converter which converts a frame rate of the image corresponding to the image signal that is processed by the image processor; and a controller which controls at least one of the image processor and the frame rate converter to convert the frame rate of the image corresponding to the image signal if the frame rate of the image corresponding to the image signal is different from a reference frame rate.

Abstract: An image data processing system is configured to store image data with redundant protection in the form of a redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID). An input card is configured to receive an input stream of real-time digital video data, possibly provided by a video tape recorder. The video image data is stored and a processor is arranged to perform processing operations upon the stored video data. The input card receives an input stream of real-time video data and the processor performs a first writing operation to write the video data to storage (106) in real-time without parity. The processor then performs a reading operation to read the data from storage and performs a data manipulation (307) upon the data to generate parity information to create protected video data. The processor then performs a second writing operation to write the protected video data back to storage.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed. One embodiment is a method of synchronizing media streams among a plurality of digital home communication terminals (DHCTs). The method comprises the steps of: decoding a stream of encoded media frames; receiving an indication of a desired playout time; determining a variation between the target playout time and the desired playout time; and adjusting the decoder playout speed to reduce the variation. At least a first portion of the frames have a target playout time conveyed in the stream. The indication of desired playout time is received for at least a second portion of the frames.

Abstract: A real-time program transmission system and method may receive a signal from a content source, and generate two different data streams. One stream may be of a higher quality than the other. The two streams may then be inserted into time slice frames, such that a single frame carries two portions of data: one corresponding to a first time segment in the program, and a second corresponding to a different time segment in the program. A receiving mobile terminal may buffer the received data, and may use the lower quality data as a backup in the event of a transmission error in the higher quality data.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for slowing display of digital video that include receiving in a video display device a digital video stream for display, identifying by the video display device a digital video clip of the digital video stream, the digital video clip comprising consecutive frames characterized by a same digital video text for display, pausing on the display at least one frame of the digital video clip for a pause period.

Abstract: A reflector and a method for improving transmission speed of video data in WAN-based data collector-server architecture are disclosed. The reflector includes a recorder for storing raw video data transmitted from the data collector, a program for trans code the raw video data into a predetermined format, and storage for storing the trans code video data. Meanwhile, the method includes the following steps: providing a plurality of the above-mentioned reflectors at the server, building a plurality of tunnels for transmitting the raw video data between the data collector and the server, transmitting the raw video data from the data collector to the server via the tunnels, storing the raw video data in the recorder at any given time, and reflecting the raw video data in the recorder from one reflector to any other reflectors at any given time.

Abstract: A device for displaying multiple image streams each comprising multiple image frames that entertains multiple viewers includes at least three image generators for generating at least three separate image streams that each include multiple image frames. At least one of the image generators is configured for at least one viewer input. An image multiplexer is provided for interleaving image frames of each image stream to produce an interleaved image stream and a display is provided for showing the interleaved image stream. A method of displaying multiple image streams is also presented.

Abstract: A digital television signal, a digital television receiver, and a method for processing a digital television signal are disclosed, which can solve problems encountered when only general broadcast programs are defined as events on a PSIP. The digital television receiver includes a tuner for receiving a digital television signal including an EIT carrying information for events on defined virtual channels, a demodulator arranged to demodulate the signal, a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the EIT from the signal demodulated by the demodulator, a decoder for parsing the EIT, the parsed EIT including an event type field defining an actual event, a dummy event, wherein the dummy event corresponds to an undecided domain on an EPG, and a controller arranged to store the parsed EIT in a database.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatically inserting advertisements into source video content playback streams are described. In one aspect, the systems and methods communicate a source video content playback stream to a video player to present source video to a user. During playback of the source video, and in response to receipt of a request from the user to navigate portions of the source video (e.g., a user command to fast forward the source video, rewind the source video, or other action), the systems and methods dynamically define a video advertisement clip insertion point (e.g., and insertion point based on a current playback position). The systems and methods then insert a contextually relevant and/or targeted video advertisement clip into the playback stream for presentation to the user.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing high-quality, synchronized audio/video playback on Blackberry™-type portable electronic devices lacking native video support. Synchronization intervals are determined whereby to instantiate frame rate control signals for processing and synchronizing data in the form of stored images and audio to generate the synchronized audio/video playback.

Abstract: Systems and methods have been developed for manipulating media assets in a networked computing environment where processing power, bandwidth and/or storage capacity may be limited. More specifically, systems and methods have been developed whereby low-resolution media assets may be created that are optimized for transfer over low bandwidth networks and for editing and manipulation in an environment with low processing power and low storage capacity, and a high-resolution media asset may be created for playback.

Abstract: An interactive entertainment network system has a video-on-demand (VOD) application which allows viewers to create their own customized lists of preferred video content programs, such as movies, games, TV shows, and so forth. Viewers are permitted to select criteria for grouping various video content programs into manageable sets. Lists of programs are provided in one or more scrollable lists, the scrolling rates of which are programmable. Once grouped, previews for the set of programs are displayed. The VOD application allows the viewers to browse the previews at their own rate, skipping forward to the next preview or backward to the previous preview. During this automated browsing, the VOD application enables the viewer to add any of the programs of interest to a customized list. The viewer can retrieve the customized list at any time. If the viewer orders a program from the customized list, the program remains available to the viewer for a rental period (which is adjustable).

Abstract: A media object is scheduled for transmission between a server and a client. The media object is partitioned into segments of blocks, wherein each block is a unit of media for which a client will wait to receive an entire block before playing out the block, and wherein each segment includes an integer number of blocks. One or more channels on which to serve each segment are determined, and a rate at which to serve each segment is determined. Additionally, a schedule pair for each channel is determined. The schedule pair includes a time at which the client may start receiving on the channel and a time at which the client may stop receiving on the channel.

Abstract: An interactive system for obtaining data for diagnostic purposes from a server having access to stores of said data wherein the server supplies the data and software to a data requesting user that enables the user to receive the data progressively so as to decide during the receipt of the data what portions of the data are to be received thereby decreasing the time required to receive the data and that enables the user to load the software to process the supplied data.

Abstract: The invention provides an image processing apparatus and method by which a network can be used efficiently and playback and so forth with a favorable responsibility can be achieved. If a user operates an operation panel to input an instruction for normal playback, then a control circuit of a digital television monitor determines a frame to be played back at present as a noticed frame and requests the hard disk recorder for image data of successive 15 frames forwardly and backwardly adjacent the noticed frame and image data at positions of time intervals of 0.5 seconds within a range of 2 minutes forwardly and backwardly of the noticed frame through an IEEE 1394 cable. Then, when image data of the object of the request are received from the hard disk recorder, the control circuit stores the image data into a buffer which can store image data for several hours. The image data stored in the buffer are read out when necessary and displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: A viewer of television programming is alerted to the availability of content related to the programming (e.g. an associated Internet web page) by an icon momentarily displayed on the screen. Using a remote control, the viewer can select the icon. A control panel then appears, superimposed over the television image, and provides additional detail about the related content. By further operating the remote control, the viewer can select the associated content for viewing, or return to watching the television. Various other features and variations are disclosed.

Abstract: According to the present invention, when an image data currently being received is switched over to the data from another image information device, the best picture quality is provided without stopping the image up to the next I frame even when the switching request is given at the middle of I frame.

Abstract: An embodiment of a system and method for providing video on demand provides pre-scheduled multicasts of videos as well as dynamically initiated transmissions of the front portion of videos. Users may first receive a dynamically initiated front portion of a video and then be merged into a pre-scheduled multicast. Preferably, the dynamically initiated transmission is also a multicast. Preferably, multiple admission controllers and a single server coordinate the dynamically initiated transmissions for any one video. Preferably, interactive controls are supported without requiring extra server-side resources. Preferably, latency is automatically equalized between users admitted via the pre-scheduled and the dynamically initiated transmissions. Preferably, a user receiving a video via a pre-scheduled multicast does not need to change channels to finish receiving the video transmitted.

Abstract: A method for efficiently transmitting several multimedia streams to one or more multimedia receivers is disclosed comprising: defining a minimum acceptable time for rendering a multimedia stream to a user when the user selects a particular stream; defining a packet size for packets containing data for each multimedia stream, the packet size defined based on one or more performance characteristics of mass storage devices on the one or more multimedia receivers; concurrently transmitting the packets for each multimedia stream to the one or more multimedia receivers; continually storing the multimedia streams on the mass storage devices; and playing back the multimedia content from the mass storage devices responsive to a user tuning to a particular multimedia stream when a delay greater than the minimum acceptable time would otherwise result waiting for a next packet containing data for the particular multimedia stream to arrive.