Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for managing particulate emissions in an engine including a particulate filter and a CO2 sensor downstream of the filter. A CO2 sensor may be used to infer the presence of particulate matter in the exhaust, downstream of the filter. By sensing particulate matter in the post-filter exhaust, filter degradation may be identified.

Abstract: An extraction tube (1) for emission measurement systems for the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines has at least two exhaust gas extraction points (5) and connecting pieces to at least two sampling lines. In order to allow, with little required space and little constructional efforts, multiple sampling from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, at least two tubes (4) run parallel to each other over a portion of the length of the extraction tube (1), wherein each tube (4) is provided with an exhaust gas extraction point (5).

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus is configured to measure a concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust line of a diesel engine. The apparatus includes an exhaust gas extraction line diverging from the exhaust line and having a flow passage cross-sectional area smaller than a flow passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust line. A particulate matter detection filter has a cell wall and is provided in the exhaust gas extraction line. A flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the cell wall is more than or equal to approximately 0.02 m/s and less than or equal to approximately 2.0 m/s. A differential pressure sensing part is configured to sense a differential pressure generated between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter.

Abstract: In a malfunction diagnosis device for an exhaust gas purification system including an exhaust gas purification catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and a reductant supply device that supplies reductant to exhaust gas that flows in an upstream side of the exhaust gas purification catalyst, the degree of degradation of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is diagnosed by comparing the timing at which the bed temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst starts to rise due to the heat of moisture adsorption reaction, against a normal value.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a heated gas sensor with a porous metal shield without perforations are disclosed. In one example, the gas sensor is used in an intake manifold of an engine. In another embodiment, the gas sensor is used in an exhaust passage of an engine. The porous metal shield without perforations allows gas to permeate the shield for measurement while retarding flame propagation if gases ignite in the vicinity of a sensing element of the heated gas sensor.

Abstract: A display device for a vehicle that display an amount of a particulate matter collected in a filter device for exhaust gas purification. A vehicle 1 includes distance storage apparatus 46 for storing a travel distance, a filter device 5 for exhaust gas purification for trapping a particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas, and collected amount detection apparatus 25 for finding an amount of the particulate matter collected in the filter device 5 for exhaust gas purification. A display control unit 42 normally acquires a travel distance from the distance storage apparatus 46 and displays the travel distance as a numerical value on a segment display unit 41, and when instructed to display a collected amount of the particulate matter, the display control unit 42 acquires a collected amount from the collected amount detection apparatus 25 and lights up the number of segment groups 61 corresponding to the collected amount, thereby displaying the collected amount.

Abstract: A monitoring device for at least one auxiliary assembly which influences the exhaust-gas quality of an internal combustion engine and consumes a resource in order to attain a desired quality of exhaust gas, includes at least one sensor for measuring a variable related to the resource, and an arithmetic unit for estimating the current quantity of the resource on the basis of the variable measured by the at least one sensor, and which is designed to calculate and indicate an operating capacity of the internal combustion engine that remains before the resource is depleted. Potential resources are the absorbance capacity of a particulate filter and/or the quantity of an ammonifier that is available.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a substrate material for a diesel or other internal combustion engine exhaust filtration performance includes a valve that actuates within an exhaust system to modulate engine exhaust back pressure and correspondingly maintain a desired filtration velocity to influence a variable parameter within the system, based at least in part on an exhaust characteristic such as a sensed exhaust pressure differential defined across a substrate material.

Abstract: A particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus configured to measure concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas passing through an exhaust line includes an exhaust gas collecting line branched from the exhaust line, a particulate matter detection filter provided in the exhaust gas collecting line, a differential pressure sensor configured to sense differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particulate matter detection filter, a passage wall disposed so that the exhaust gas flows to a downstream side of the particulate matter detection filter, an inlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows into the particulate matter detection filter in the passage wall, and an outlet side passage through which the exhaust gas flows out from the particulate matter detection filter. The outlet side passage has an outlet side cross-sectional area approximately 1.0 times or more larger than an inlet side cross-sectional area of the inlet side passage.

Abstract: An output calibration apparatus for an NOx sensor according to the present invention includes a urea addition valve provided in an exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine to allow urea to be added to inside of the exhaust passage, and an NOx sensor provided at least downstream of the urea addition valve, the NOx sensor being capable of detecting not only an NOx concentration but also an ammonia concentration. The output calibration apparatus executes fuel cut on the internal combustion engine, and calibrates a gain of the NOx sensor based on ammonia obtained from the urea added via the urea addition valve during execution of the fuel cut. The ammonia obtained from the urea added during execution of the fuel cut is used as standard gas to calibrate the gain of the NOx sensor.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a sulfur detection sample gas is generated in a sample gas generation chamber by fuel of an amount smaller than the amount of fuel fed to a combustion chamber and proportional to the amount of fuel fed to the combustion chamber. An SOx sensor having a sensor part trapping the sulfur contained in the sample gas and capable of detecting the amount of sulfur trapped in the sensor part from the property changes of the sensor part is provided. The amount of SOx that flows into the catalyst is estimated from the output value-of this SOx sensor.

Abstract: An abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine capable of performing abnormality detection with accuracy, and an air/fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine capable of performing air/fuel ratio control with accuracy. An estimated value of the amount of intake air at a valve closing time at which an intake value is closed, is computed. The in-cylinder air/fuel ratio in a cylinder is computed by using the estimated value. The obtained in-cylinder air/fuel ratio is used as an input air/fuel ratio to identify a parameter in a primary delay element. Determination as to the existence/nonexistence of an abnormality in a pre-catalyst sensor (A/F sensor) is made on the basis of the obtained parameter.

Abstract: A method for estimating the temperature of exhaust gases of a combustion engine at an output of an EGR circuit fitted on the engine, based on a model that takes into account thermal energy losses of the exhaust gases at an EGR cooler or EGR circuit, the model also taking into account thermal exchange between the exhaust gases and the walls of a duct conveying the exhaust gases to the EGR cooler. A vehicle can implement such an estimation.

Abstract: The individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine are divided into at least two cylinder banks wherein each is assigned a separate exhaust-gas channel. Secondary air is conveyed by a compressor. The flow of the secondary-air mass flow is set independently by an electrically controllable throughflow control. A value for the entire secondary-air mass flow is determined from the signal of a secondary-air mass sensor. The throughflow control is controlled into an open position, the value for the entire secondary-air mass flow is detected and subsequently the throughflow control is controlled into a closed position, the values for the secondary-air mass flows are detected before and after closure, and these values are compared with a plurality of different threshold values and, as a function of the result of the comparisons, a determination is made of the fault location with regard to the respective cylinder bank.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining an NH3 concentration in exhaust gases from an engine are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes generating a first signal from an NH3 sensor fluidly communicating with the exhaust gases. The method further includes generating a second signal from an air humidity sensor disposed proximate to an air intake manifold of the engine indicating a humidity level. The method further includes determining an air/fuel ratio associated with the engine. The method further includes determining an NH3 deviation value in a calibration table based on the second signal and the air/fuel ratio, utilizing a controller. The method further includes determining an NH3 concentration value based on the first signal and the NH3 deviation value, utilizing the controller. The NH3 concentration value is indicative of the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gases. The method further includes storing the NH3 concentration value in a memory device, utilizing the controller.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for an exhaust gas sensor coupled to an exhaust system of an engine. One example method comprises, during selected engine fueling conditions, alternating between applying different voltages to the sensor; and identifying an amount of alcohol in fuel injected to the engine based on sensor outputs at the different voltages.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for estimating particulate production from a diesel engine. Engine conditions such as fuel rate, exhaust gas recirculation, and fuel injection timing are determined. Based on empirical evidence or theoretical calculations, or both, particulate production markers, each indicating a level of particulate production, are assigned to each engine condition. The markers are combined and the combined marker is used to interpolate between a minimum and a maximum level of particulate production from the engine to estimate a particulate production rate. The production rate may be combined with an oxidation rate to determine a particulate accumulation rate, which may in turn be combined with a particulate load estimate to produce a combined particulate load estimate. The combined estimate may be used to determine whether to initiate regeneration of a diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A portable emissions measurement adapter device (PEMAD) for a vehicle exhaust system having an first exhaust pipe coupled to a second exhaust pipe defining an air inlet opening therebetween, includes an elongated tube having a first and a second end and adapted to fit through the second exhaust pipe to sealingly mate with the first exhaust pipe at the first end. The second end is adapted for operative connection to an emissions testing unit. No modification of the production vehicle is required to use the PEMAD.

Abstract: A system and/or method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in vehicle exhaust, and more particularly to a non-contact, extractive sampling system and method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in exhaust emissions of commercial and/or heavy-duty vehicles that emit exhaust at an elevated level, under actual operating conditions.

Abstract: An exhaust gas analyzer and an exhaust gas analyzing method capable of analyzing the concentration of particulate matter contained in exhaust gas from an internal combustion in real time are provided.

Abstract: A NOx sensor diagnostic device includes a NOx sensor disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine, an output value obtaining device for obtaining an output value of the NOx sensor, a spray characteristics changing device for changing spray characteristics for a specific cylinder of cylinders of the engine, and a diagnostic device for diagnosing abnormality of the NOx sensor, based on the output value of the NOx sensor that is changed as a result of the change of the spray characteristics for the specific cylinder by the spray characteristics changing device. An exhaust gas purifying system includes a NOx removal system disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine, a NOx sensor disposed in the exhaust passage at least on an upstream side of the NOx removal system in a flow direction of exhaust air flowing through the exhaust passage, and the NOx sensor diagnostic device.

Abstract: A system for calibrating a response to an exhaust-stream NOx level in a motor vehicle is provided. The system comprises a NOx sensor that includes an electrode, a current from the electrode responsive to the exhaust-stream NOx level while a bias voltage is applied to the electrode. The system further comprises a controller configured to interrupt the bias voltage and to adjust a motor-vehicle response to the current based at least partly on an attained voltage of the electrode while the bias voltage is interrupted. Other embodiments provide a method of calibrating a NOx sensor response in terms of gain and offset parameters.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes a primary diesel particulate filter provided in an exhaust line of a diesel engine, a secondary exhaust line branched from the exhaust line from an upstream side of the primary diesel particulate filter, and a secondary diesel particulate filter provided in the secondary exhaust line. The secondary diesel particulate filter has a soot storage capacity smaller than the soot storage capacity of the primary diesel particulate filter. The apparatus further includes a differential pressure measuring part measuring a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the secondary diesel particulate filter. A distance to the secondary diesel particulate filter from a branching point of the secondary exhaust line from the primary exhaust line is about 2 m or less.

Abstract: A sensor for use with a diesel particulate filter in an exhaust system includes a collection device configured to be positioned downstream of the diesel particulate filter such that particulate matter not captured by the diesel particulate filter accumulates on the collection device. The collection device is configured to visually indicate a rate of particulate matter accumulation on the collection device. The rate of particulate matter accumulation corresponds to filter performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method or an arrangement for function checking of internal combustion engines in motor vehicles, in which an external testing and measuring system is connected via a diagnostic interface to an on-board diagnostic and control system, and after the start of the testing process, the testing system triggers control signals to adjust the defined operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and performs and documents analyses. To ensure an automatic testing process, it is proposed to launch a safety routine in the diagnostic and control system that interrupts the automatic testing process when certain signals are present from on-board control and/or operating devices.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for testing malfunction of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) exhausts aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine. The method measures and registers a first mean NOx sensor value for a normal mass flow level of a fluid reducing agent, then a second mean NOx sensor value related to a higher mass flow level is measured and registered. The two registered NOx sensor values are compared and it is determined if, on one hand, the first value is higher than the second value, or, on the other hand, the first value is lower than the second value. The cause of the malfunction may be found in the dosing system or in the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sensor for detecting oxygen concentration in exhaust gas is disposed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine. The sensor including a heater is controlled by a system that includes an electronic control unit. Water vapor contained in the exhaust gas is condensed on the sensor when the exhaust gas temperature is low. If the water condensation occurs while the sensor is heated by the heater, a sensor element may be cracked due to local cooling by the condensed water. To avoid the water condensation, the exhaust gas temperature is raised by retarding ignition timing of the engine for a certain period after the engine is started. After the exhaust gas is heated to a certain level, the sensor is heated. Alternatively, heating of the sensor is prohibited until the exhaust gas temperature becomes to a level at which no water condensation occurs. Thus, the cracking of the sensor element is avoided while making a delay of sensor activation minimal.

Abstract: To avoid potentially erroneous results, monitoring the operation of an oxygen sensor of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle to detect a slow response of the oxygen sensor as indicative of an oxygen sensor fault is temporarily suspended in response to a brake operation transition of a braking system of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating engine-out NOx from a diesel engine. The estimation is calculated from a mathematical model that expresses engine-out NOx as functions of cylinder pressure, intake oxygen, and effective temperature, respectively. Input data for each of these functions may be obtained from fuel quantity data and from measured data, the latter including intake pressure, cylinder pressure, intake oxygen concentration, coolant temperature, and intake manifold temperature.

Abstract: An engine system includes a nitrogen oxide (NOx) estimation module and a diagnostic module. The NOx estimation module estimates an amount of NOx in an exhaust gas produced by an engine based on a predetermined function of a position of at least one of a camshaft phaser and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. The diagnostic module determines a state of at least one of the camshaft phaser and the EGR valve based on a predetermined threshold and a difference between the estimated amount of NOx and an actual amount of NOx in the exhaust gas measured by a NOx sensor.

Abstract: A Calibrated Air Intake Tract for Internal Combustion Engine is disclosed. The intake includes a Mass Airflow Sensor section that defines an inner diameter that differs from the diameter of the overall intake air tract piping. The Mass Airflow Sensor length and diameter are precision-tuned in order to provide the best engine performance without the typical “check engine” light being lit due to faulty mass airflow sensor readings. In those vehicles where necessary, an insert of the appropriate size and in the proper location is added to the interior wall of the MAFS section in order to correct final fuel trim level inadequacies.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling an engine in a vehicle which includes an exhaust passage and an exhaust gas recirculation system. One example method comprises adjusting an engine operating parameter based on an exhaust gas recirculation amount, the exhaust gas recirculation amount based on a first humidity and a second humidity, the first humidity generated from a first humidity sensor at a first location and the second humidity generated from a second humidity sensor located in the exhaust passage of the engine.

Abstract: The invention provides a soot collection quantity measuring device for a diesel particulate filter. The soot collection quantity measuring device for a diesel particulate filter includes: an anion charging unit that is provided in an exhaust pipe in front of a diesel particulate filter and has a plurality of conductor flat plates in parallel with one another, and a capacitor that is provided at the back of the anion charging unit and has upper and lower electrode plates connected to a direct-current high-voltage power supply. The soot particulates pass through the anion charging unit which is negatively charged, and the charged soot particulates are collected in the upper electrode plate by an electric field between the upper and lower electrode plate.

Abstract: A portable emissions measurement adapter device (PEMAD) for a vehicle exhaust system having an first exhaust pipe coupled to a second exhaust pipe defining an air inlet opening therebetween, includes an elongated tube having a first and a second end and adapted to fit through the second exhaust pipe to sealingly mate with the first exhaust pipe at the first end. The second end is adapted for operative connection to an emissions testing unit. No modification of the production vehicle is required to use the PEMAD.

Abstract: When an abnormality occurred in a SCR device is detected, the output of an engine is restricted. To this end, in one embodiment, at the time of an abnormality occurrence, a map adopted for calculating a fuel injection quantity is switched from that for a normal time (S407). Further, as the abnormality to be detected, the clogging of an injection nozzle, the dilution of urea water stored in a tank, or the like is adopted.

Abstract: On the basis of a correlation between exhaust gas temperature detected by an exhaust gas temperature sensor and exhaust gas temperature estimated according to an engine operating condition, it is detected whether or not abnormality occurs in the exhaust gas temperature sensor. Namely, when a change characteristic of the detected exhaust gas temperature follows a change characteristic of the estimated exhaust gas temperature, it is determined that the exhaust gas temperature sensor is normal. On the other hand, when the change characteristic of the detected exhaust gas temperature does not follow that of the estimated exhaust gas temperature, it is determined that the exhaust gas temperature sensor is abnormal.

Abstract: In a method for checking the seal of a reducing agent injector of an SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine comprising at least one reducing agent tank, a reducing agent pump, a reducing agent injector and an NOx sensor connected downstream from the SCR catalytic converter, the following steps are carried out: a) Generation and/or detection of a release state of the SCR system in which no reducing agent is stored in the SCR catalytic converter; b) Determining a setpoint NOx value in the exhaust gas; c) Starting the seal check with a closed reducing agent injector by increasing the reducing agent pressure; d) Detecting the NOx signal at the NOx sensor, and a) Evaluating the NOx signal.

Abstract: A method for estimating the temperature of exhaust gases of a combustion engine at an output of an EGR circuit fitted on the engine, based on a model that takes into account thermal energy losses of the exhaust gases at an EGR cooler or EGR circuit, the model also taking into account thermal exchange between the exhaust gases and the walls of a duct conveying the exhaust gases to the EGR cooler. A vehicle can implement such an estimation.

Abstract: There is provided an NOx sensor trouble diagnosis device and an NOx trouble diagnosis method that can perform trouble diagnosis on a timely basis without intentionally creating any diagnosis mode during operation of an internal combustion engine and without deterioration of drivability and fuel consumption.

Abstract: A sensor may be used to measure particulate mass concentration in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. The sensor may include a signal electrode and a detector electrode at least partially enclosed within a sensor body. The sensor may continuously measure the particulate mass concentration in the exhaust of the internal combustion engine. Continuously measuring the particulate mass concentration may produce a time-resolved measurement of the particulate mass concentration. In certain embodiments, the sensor may be coupled to a feedback control system that may adjust operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A device and method for determining a temperature variable, in particular a temperature variable that characterizes the condition of an exhaust-gas treatment system of a combustion engine, are described. The temperature is specified on the basis of variables that characterize the mass flow in the exhaust-gas treatment system, and/or of a second temperature variable that characterizes the temperature upstream from the exhaust-gas treatment system.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a housing including a dielectric portion, a particulate matter (“PM”) sensor fixed inside the housing such that the exhaust streaming through an exhaust system passes near and in electrical isolation from the PM sensor, the PM sensor including a terminal couplable to a PM sensing circuit to produce a PM sensor indication associated with sensed PM and a fastener coupled to the housing and mountable to the exhaust system to dispose the housing into the exhaust system such that exhaust streaming through the exhaust system passes outside the dielectric portion of the housing.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating engine-out NOx from a diesel engine. The estimation is calculated from a mathematical model that expresses engine-out NOx as functions of cylinder pressure, intake oxygen, and effective temperature, respectively. Input data for each of these functions may be obtained from fuel quantity data and from measured data, the latter including intake pressure, cylinder pressure, intake oxygen concentration, coolant temperature, and intake manifold temperature.

Abstract: A system and/or method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in vehicle exhaust, and more particularly to a non-contact, extractive sampling system and method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in exhaust emissions of commercial and/or heavy-duty vehicles that emit exhaust at an elevated level, under actual operating conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining an NH3 concentration in exhaust gases from an engine are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes generating a first signal from an NH3 sensor fluidly communicating with the exhaust gases. The method further includes generating a second signal from an air humidity sensor disposed proximate to an air intake manifold of the engine indicating a humidity level. The method further includes determining an air/fuel ratio associated with the engine. The method further includes determining an NH3 deviation value in a calibration table based on the second signal and the air/fuel ratio, utilizing a controller. The method further includes determining an NH3 concentration value based on the first signal and the NH3 deviation value, utilizing the controller. The NH3 concentration value is indicative of the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gases. The method further includes storing the NH3 concentration value in a memory device, utilizing the controller.

Abstract: A method for performing a diagnostic on an exhaust gas analyzer probe disposed in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method are provided. The method performs the evaluation of the exhaust gas analyzer probe after recognition of a special operating phase, e.g., an overrun phase, of the internal combustion engine by setting off a specifiable injection that is torque-neutral or not perceptible for the operator, on the basis of the predicted probe signal pattern and taking into account the delay time of the probe signal.

Abstract: Exhaust gas sensing system and methods for sensing concentrations of exhaust gas constituents are provided. The exhaust gas sensing system includes a NOx sensing cell configured to generate a voltage in response to exhaust gases communicating with the NOx sensing cell. The exhaust gas sensing system further includes a temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the exhaust gases. The exhaust gas sensing system further includes a controller configured to receive the voltage from the NOx sensing cell and to determine a first NOx value based on the voltage. The controller is further configured to receive the signal from the temperature sensor and to determine a temperature value based on the signal. The controller is further configured to determine a NO2 concentration value indicative of an amount of NO2 in the exhaust gases based on the first NOx value and the temperature value, and to store the NO2 concentration value in a memory device.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a temperature of exhaust gas includes calculating an approximate temperature at least one time by fitting a measured spectrum to a portion of theoretical spectra defined in association with a first temperature range using a temperature determined in the an immediately previous preceding temperature analysis as a reference, and then determining a calculated temperature by fitting the measured spectrum to all the theoretical spectra over a second temperature range that is narrower than the first temperature range, using the approximate temperature as a reference.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a system for reacting with sulfuric acid. The system may include a housing having an inlet and an outlet and may also include a component disposed downstream of the inlet and upstream of the outlet. The component may be configured to restrict a flow of fluid through the housing as a function of sulfuric acid present within the fluid.

Abstract: A device for monitoring an operating mode of an element used for aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and to an associated method. The device includes a controller configured to receive a signal that represents a characteristic magnitude of the exhaust gases downstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment element. In addition, the controller can receive a signal that represents engine deceleration and is configured to increment a deceleration counter with each deceleration. The controller also includes a failure counter that is incremented when a variation in the above-mentioned measured magnitude is detected during a deceleration, the controller establishing a diagnostic criterion that is a function of the two counters. The controller triggers a fault signal if the diagnostic criterion exceeds programmed limits.