Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for characterizing connate water salinity and resistivity of a subsurface formation. Well log data including resistivity and spontaneous potential (SP) log data are measured by at least one downhole tool disposed within a borehole. The resistivity and SP log data are inverted to determine a resistivity model and an SP model, which are used to determine connate water resistivity. The connate water resistivity is used to determine connate water salinity. The connate water salinity derived from the inversion of resistivity log data and SP log data (or derived from a trained ML system supplied with such log data) can be used as a baseline measure of connate water salinity, and this baseline measure can be evaluated together with the connate water salinity estimates derived from pulsed neutron tool measurements over time-lapsed periods of production to monitor variation in connate water salinity due to production.

Abstract: A method of designing a nanoparticle tailored to support hydrocarbon recovery in a subterranean formation, a method for using nanoparticles to extract hydrocarbon from a subterranean formation, and a nanoparticle structure. The method may include determining environmental conditions of a subterranean formation, defining nanoparticle parameters based on the environmental conditions, and forming a nanoparticle comprising the nanoparticle parameters. The method may include producing a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles by mixing nanoparticles with water and injecting the colloidal suspension of nanoparticles into a subterranean formation. A nanoparticle structure may include a hydrophilic material in a defined three-dimensional shape having a maximum diameter. The nanoparticle may penetrate through an oil-water interface with an optimized contact angle, minimize an interfacial area between oil and water, and create an oil in water emulsion.

Abstract: A method for detecting the formation of at least one phase in a mixture, particularly a hydrocarbon mixture. The method may include using a probe to expose a portion of the mixture to electromagnetic radiation to determine the value of a parameter of interest indicative of the formation of a phase. The method may also include using the value of the parameter of interest with a correlation between a known property of the mixture and the value of a parameter of interest to detect the formation of a phase.

Abstract: A method for determining water saturation in a subsurface formation include determining an invasion depth in the formation from a plurality of measurements made within a wellbore drilled through the formation. The measurements have different lateral depths of investigation into the formation. Carbon and oxygen in the formation are measured at substantially a same longitudinal position as at a position of the determining the invasion depth. The measured carbon and oxygen and the invasion depth are used to determine the water saturation in a substantially uninvaded part of the formation.

Abstract: Systems and methods of determining fluid properties are disclosed. An example apparatus to determine a saturation pressure of a fluid includes a housing having a detection chamber and a heater assembly partially positioned within the detection chamber to heat a fluid. The example apparatus also includes a sensor assembly to detect a property of the fluid and a processor to identify a saturation pressure of the fluid using the property of the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring permittivity of a sample. The apparatus includes: a sample chamber including a sealed space portion in which a sample to be measured is put; a pressure adjusting unit for varying pressure by applying water pressure to the space portion of the sample chamber; a permittivity sensor for measuring permittivity of the sample and disposed outside the sample chamber; measurement conducting wires including conductors, installed to contact the sample and connected to the permittivity sensor by using electric wires; and a data logger for storing data relating to permittivity that is measured by the permittivity sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating production conditions in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs, as an example, by flooding of core samples from such reservoirs, are described. Full recirculation flow measurements permit several fluids (for example, crude oil, brine, and gas) to be simultaneously injected into core samples having varying dimensions. Accurate and stable back pressures are maintained at total flow rates of as high as 200 cc/min., for a large range of fluid viscosities. Accurate and stable net overburden pressures relative to pore pressure are also maintained, thereby simulating the formations at depth. Core samples from formations may also be investigated using the apparatus and method hereof, for carbon dioxide sequestration potential, as another example.

Abstract: Method of estimating the recovery factor for the volume drained by at least one producing gas well that penetrates a tight gas reservoir or a coal bed methane reservoir, by (a) calibrating changes in the isotopic composition of at least one component of the gas that is produced from the gas well with increasing recovery factor, (b) obtaining a sample of produced gas from the producing gas well and analyzing the sample to obtain the isotopic composition of the component of the produced gas and (c) using the calibration obtained in step (a) and the isotopic composition determined in step (b) to estimate the recovery factor for the volume drained by the gas well. The estimate of the recovery factor determined in step (c) and the cumulative volume of gas produced from the gas well is used to determine the volume drained by the gas well.

Abstract: Methods for detection of the presence and distribution of oil in subsurface formation are described herein. The present invention involves injection of an aqueous dispersion of the nanoparticles into the potentially oil containing subsurface formation, followed by a remote detection of the oscillation responses of the nanoparticles in the oil/water interfaces in the reservoir rock by applying magnetic field.

Abstract: A pressure vessel having a cell with a locking pin, and a cap and associated methods and systems. The locking pin may be configured to engage the cap when the pressure vessel is pressurized to prevent rotation of the cap without depression of the cap.

Abstract: A method for characterizing a desired property of a fluid downhole is described. In some non-limiting examples, the method comprises receiving an input signal representing sound speed of a fluid downhole, processing the input signal using a correlation equation expressing the desired property in terms of at least sound speed to produce an output signal representing the desired property, and outputting the output signal. In some examples, the correlation equation is derived through a chemometric analysis of a training data set, the training data set comprises a plurality of input values and a plurality of output values derived from said input values, between the desired fluid property and the first measured property, and the output values are calculated from the input values using a series of correlation equations. In at least one example, the desired property is gas oil ratio. In another example, the desired property is gas brine ratio.

Abstract: Permeability of a fluid through a saturated material is determined by measuring the dynamic response of that saturated material to shaking vibrations and/or shear wave propagation, and then mapping the dynamic response (preferably, viscoelastic stiffness and damping properties) to an invented model (called “KVMB”) that yields the property of permeability. The preferred embodiments may use shear waves, inertial effects, and/or transmission effects, but preferably not compression, to force fluids through the pores. The mapping preferably predicts two possible mappings to permeability, coupled and uncoupled. The preferred methods are both internally consistent and directly related to known laws of physics rather than dependent on empirical calibrations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the permeability of a subterranean formation and the hydrocarbon and/or water content of the formation. The method includes emitting an acoustic signal, such as a Stoneley wave into the formation and sending an electro-magnetic pulse into the formation. An analysis of the response of the Stoneley wave in conjunction with an analysis of a measurement of the electrical potential within the wellbore provides information pertinent to permeability and fluid composition.

Abstract: A method of determining water saturations from a deep-reading resistivity measurement in a reservoir is provided including the step of estimating, through for example a reservoir simulation process, a spatial distribution of a parameter related to the water conductivity at locations beyond the immediate vicinity of wells penetrating the reservoir and combining the spatial distribution of a parameter related to the water conductivity with a spatial distribution of resistivity as obtained from the deep-reading resistivity measurement to derive a spatial distribution of water saturations at said locations beyond the immediate vicinity of wells, wherein estimation step may be iterative to minimize a mismatch between simulation and measurement.

Abstract: Resistivity measurements at different radial depths of investigation obtained from time lapse resistivity data gained from multiple passes of a resistivity tool through a borehole are analyzed together to obtain indications of at least one of fractional flow, residual oil and water saturations, oil saturation, and water saturation in a formation. For each of the logging passes having resistivity measurements with multiple radial depths of investigation, filtrate loss into the formation is also obtained through joint inversion.

Abstract: A method for the detection of a fluid leak from a plugged well extending from a surface of the earth to penetrate a subterranean formation which contains fluid by logging a collection chamber positioned in the plugged well.

Abstract: A method for determining for a reservoir (1) containing fluids (W, O), the variation in the relative permeability (krO, krW) of at least one of the fluids, as a function of the saturation of at least one of the fluids (W, O),) is provided. According to this method a saturation distribution of one of the fluids of the reservoir is determined on the basis of a measurement of a physical property in the reservoir. A dynamic model (20) for the flow of fluids in the reservoir (1) is created. The dynamic model generates a saturation distribution. The saturation distribution (40) generated by the dynamic model is compared with saturation distribution obtained from measurement. The dynamic model (20) is updated with intermediate relative permeability values (krO)i and (krW)i and steps b and c are repeated if the saturation distribution generated by the dynamic model and that determined on the basis of measurement do not coincide.

Abstract: A method to estimate water saturation (Sw) of a thin-bedded formation is provided including (a) developing a model of anisotropy of resistivity (Rv/Rh) a function of water saturation (Swt) for one or more volume fractions (either Fshale or Fsand); (b) measuring the anisotropy of resistivity of the formation; (c) measuring the volume fraction of the formation; (d) correlating anisotropy of resistivity to the measured volume fraction of the formation using the model to estimate the water saturation (total water saturation or sand water saturation) of the formation.