Abstract: The embodiments include systems and methods to determine torque and drag of a string. A method includes analyzing a plurality of continuous segments of a string deployed in a wellbore, and determining a deflection of the plurality of continuous segments from a node of the string and a tortuosity deflection of the wellbore. In response to a determination that deflection of the plurality of continuous segments from the node of the string is greater than the tortuosity deflection of the wellbore, the method includes applying a soft string model to determine a torque and a drag of the string. In response to a determination that deflection of the plurality of continuous segments from the node of the string is not greater than the tortuosity deflection of the wellbore, the method includes applying a stiff string model to determine a torque and a drag of the string.

Abstract: A drill cuttings composite core apparatus, system, and method that may utilize sieve shaker equipped with a solvent wash system to separate, clean, and size cuttings; a centrifugal mill equipped with a 12 tooth rotor and 1.0 mm ring sieve; a compactor mold that may be 1.5 inches in diameter and up to 6 inches long; dual piston compactor with independent air control valves; and a spacer on top of a bottom piston that may allow compacted core to be pushed up through top of mold for easy removal with no special tools or handling.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer implemented method for evaluating rock physical properties. Drilling acoustic signals are received in real time during a drilling operation through rock at a drilling location. Transformed data is generated in a frequency domain from the drilling acoustic signals. The transformed data includes frequency and amplitude information for the drilling acoustic signals. De-noised transformed data is generated from the transformed data by filtering noise including background noise generated in a recording system and top drive rotation generated traces. A lithological significant frequency range that includes de-noised significant data points is determined from the de-noised transformed data. Physical properties of the rock are determined in real time using drill bit rotation rates and the amplitudes of the de-noised significant data points.

Abstract: A method that includes lowering a formation testing tool into a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation. The formation testing tool comprises an expandable member. The method also includes performing a pressuremeter test (PMT) by expanding the expandable member.

Abstract: A tool string electrical transmission line connector comprising a cylinder adapted for mounting within a bore adjacent to a shoulder within the bore of a downhole tool. The cylinder comprising an inside axial side wall spaced apart from an outside axial side wall joining top and bottom surfaces. The connector further comprises an axial channel open to the outside axial side wall intersecting the bottom surface and a housing open to the outside axial side wall. The housing being open to the top surface. An electrical transmission line connector is disposed within the housing. An electrical transmission line is disposed within the axial channel and connected within the housing to an adjacent electrical transmission device. The axial channel further comprises one or more tab closures. The tab closures may comprise a clamp. When fitted into the bore, the tabs close around a cable residing within the channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a rock anchor with condition monitoring for determining tensions or deformations in form of a conductor trace which is applied on an anchor body, whose electrical resistance changes proportionally with respect to the tension/deformation. The conductor trace may consist of an electrically conductive ink which is directly applied on the anchor body by a printing method.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for determining normalized apparent power. Drilling acoustic signals corresponding to a time domain and generated during drilling of a well. A fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is performed using the drilling acoustic signals to generate FFT data. Normalized FFT data is generated using normalization parameters and a drill string rotation rate record of a drill string used to drill the well. The drill string rotation rate is received during drilling. Normalized apparent power is determined from data points of a predetermined top percentage of the normalized FFT data within a lithological significant frequency range. The normalized apparent power is a measure of the power of the drilling acoustic signals and it is a function of the amplitude and frequency of the normalized FFT data. The lithological significant frequency range is a frequency range within which the drill sounds are more closely related with lithology.

Abstract: A method and a system for a confined compressive strength (CCS) and an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for one or more bedding layers. The method may include identifying a depth interval during a drilling operation as a distance between a first depth and a second depth, measuring one or more drill bit responses within the depth interval using a sensor package disposed on the drill bit, identifying one or more torsional bit vibrations, and identifying one or more bedding layers of the formation within the depth interval from the one or more torsional bit vibrations. The method may further include identifying the (CCS) and the (UCS) for each of the one or more bedding layers and identifying a bit wear of the drill bit within each of the one or more bedding layers using the one or more drill bit responses and the one or more torsional bit vibrations.

Abstract: The shear head device includes a monitoring head having geophones and transmitters inside a cylindrical body. A shear head is coupled to the monitoring head from below. The shear head has a tubular structure with a plurality of apertures formed around an outer surface of the tubular structure. A plurality of cones are coupled with modified tips and disposed within the plurality of apertures. A sheet supports the plurality of cones inside the shear head. The sheet is selectively movable between a first radial position and a second radial position for the modified tips to apply radial force to the rock by adjustment of an internal pressure of the shear head. The transmitters transmit the recorded acoustic emission to a computing system for determining properties of the rock while the shear head device is testing the rock in the bore.

Abstract: A monitoring device monitors deformation of a casing installed in a wellbore and housing a production tubing, and includes: a packer installed within an annulus between the casing and the production tubing; a deformable substrate that is disposed at an outer side of the annulus and contacts an inner surface of the casing to deform along with casing deformation; a light source that is disposed on the deformable substrate and emits light towards an inside of the annulus; an imaging device that is disposed in the packer to be opposite to the light source across the annulus and detects the light emitted from the light source; and a processor that produces a signal from the detected light, processes the produced signal, and transmits the processed signal to a surface control device that monitors the deformation of the casing based on the signal.

Abstract: A method for optimizing borehole drilling by a drill string having a drill bit at a rotated and axially urged to drill formations includes measuring a parameter related to at least axial and torsional motion of a drill string propagating as elastic waves at a selected position along the drill string. An axial force exerted by the drill bit and torque applied to the drill bit are determined from the measurements related to at least axial and torsional motion. A confined compressive strength of the formations is determined from the measurements related to at least axial and torsional motion. At least one of the determined axial force and the determined torque is adjusted such that a mechanical specific energy applied to the formation is closest in value to the confined compressive strength.

Abstract: A method can include receiving neutron data and density data for a borehole in a geologic formation; determining a migration length value for a layer of the geologic formation based at least in part on the neutron data; forward modeling at least the layer based at least in part on the migration length value and the density data; and outputting, based at least in part on the forward modeling, modeled neutron data for the layer.

Abstract: A force sensor includes a first structure, four strain generation parts, and a second structure connected to the first structure with the strain generation parts interposed therebetween. The strain generation part includes a first connection part connected to the first structure, a first branch part, which is a beam-like part branching into two from the first connection part toward the second structure and extending in directions separating from each other, a second branch part, which is a beam-like part connected to the first branch part with bent parts interposed therebetween and extending in directions approaching each other, and a second connection part where branched parts of the second branch part join and connects to the second structure. The strain generation parts are formed so that the strain generation parts become line-symmetric with respect to the first and second axes when projected in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane.

Abstract: A borescope includes a housing extending from a first end toward a second end, the housing including a first transparent viewing section extending circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the housing and defining an exterior of a portion of the housing; a first imaging assembly configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, and also pivot relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and a second imaging assembly disposed within the housing, the second imaging assembly being configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the second imaging assembly is configured to visualize a field of view exterior of the housing through the first transparent viewing section.

Abstract: In some aspects, the disclosed technology provides solutions for computing a residual noise signal from received gravitational field signal data. In one aspect, a process of the disclosed technology includes steps for receiving a magnetic field signal, wherein the magnetic field signal is generated by measurements produced by a magnetometer disposed in a drilling tool chassis, receiving a gravitational field signal, and processing the magnetic field signal to generate a clean magnetic field signal. In some aspects, the process can further include steps for calculating a residual signal based on the clean magnetic field signal and the gravitational field signal. Systems and machine-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject technology relate to a sensor for a downhole tool. The downhole tool can include a collar and a sensor. The sensor can be secured to the collar for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the downhole tool during operation of the downhole tool including the performance characteristics of a drill motor. The sensor can include a substrate. The sensor can also include a plurality of strain gauges disposed on the substrate. The plurality of strain gauges can be configured to measure axial strains and torsional strains on the collar for measuring the one or more operational characteristics of the downhole tool.

Abstract: Provided, in one aspect, is a downhole torque limiter, comprising a tubular housing; a pipe positioned within the tubular housing; one or more clutch mechanisms positioned between the pipe and the tubular housing, the one or more clutch mechanisms configured to move between a engaged state to fix the tubular housing relative to the pipe and a disengaged state to allow with the tubular housing to rotate relative to the pipe; and a fluid control system coupled with an exterior of the one or more clutch mechanisms, the fluid control system configured to allow the one or more clutch mechanisms to move from the engaged state to the disengaged state based upon sensing movement of the pipe relative to the tubular housing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing normalized production rate of an oil and gas reservoir by optimizing a pressure drawdown of a subsurface formation are disclosed. The methods include determining permeability of the subsurface formation as a function of effective stresses, determining a stress sensitivity factor for the core sample, upscaling the sensitive stress factor, determining the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation, and controlling the pressure drawdown in a field operation such that it does not exceed the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation.

Abstract: A drill cuttings composite core apparatus, system, and method that may utilize sieve shaker equipped with a solvent wash system to separate, clean, and size cuttings, a centrifugal mill equipped with a 12 tooth rotor and 1.0 mm ring sieve, a compactor mold that may be 1.5 inches in diameter and up to 6 inches long, dual piston compactor with independent air control valves, and a spacer on top of a bottom piston that allow compacted core to be pushed up through top of mold for easy removal with no special tools or handling.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first clamping mechanism configured to grip a tubular member at a first location along the tubular member. The apparatus also includes a second clamping mechanism configured to grip the tubular member at a second location along the tubular member that is axially-offset from the first location. The apparatus also includes a base positioned between the first and second clamping mechanisms. The apparatus also includes a strain gauge coupled to the base.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject technology relate to a sensor for a downhole tool. The downhole tool can include a collar and a sensor. The sensor can be secured to the collar for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the downhole tool during operation of the downhole tool. The sensor can include a substrate. The sensor can also include a plurality of strain gauges disposed on the substrate. The plurality of strain gauges can be configured to measure axial strains and torsional strains on the collar for measuring the one or more operational characteristics of the downhole tool.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: determining a state of in-situ earth stresses around a wellbore located in a formation; transforming the in-situ earth stresses from a global Cartesian coordinate system to a local wellbore coordinate system; calculating, based on the transformed in-situ earth stresses in the local wellbore coordinate system, principal stresses around the wellbore; generating, using a failure criterion that incorporates (i) principal stresses, (ii) mud weight, and (iii) rock strength, a function for calculating a rock compressive failure; and predicting, using the function, a failure zone around the wellbore.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are provided for simulating the coupled axial/torsional dynamics of drilling systems.

Abstract: An arrangement method for deformation of a locked patch crack of a rock slope, includes: connecting a filling pipeline on a bladder-type monitoring probe to a mortar guiding pipe through an automatic locking and unlocking device, clamping a portion to be clamped on a bladder by a clamping assembly, driving a clamping driving mechanism to move towards an adit by a push driving mechanism, and pushing the bladder into the adit; injecting cement mortar into the bladder through the mortar guiding pipe by utilizing a high-pressure injection machine to expand the bladder until an upper surface and a lower surface of the bladder abut against an upper surface and a lower surface of the adit, and making a monitor on the bladder abut against the upper and lower surfaces of the adit; and arranging a plurality of bladder-type monitoring probes in an array in the adit.

Abstract: An embodiment in accordance with the present invention includes a method for estimating the permeability of fractured rock formations from the analysis of a slow fluid pressure wave, which is generated by pressurization of a borehole. Wave propagation in the rock is recorded with TFI™. Poroelastic theory is used to estimate the permeability from the measured wave speed. The present invention offers the opportunity of measuring the reservoir-scale permeability of fractured rock, because the method relies on imaging a wave, which propagates through a large rock volume, on the order of kilometers in size. Traditional methods yield permeability for much smaller rock volumes: well logging tools only measure permeability in the vicinity of a borehole. Pressure transient testing accesses larger rock volumes; however, these volumes are much smaller than for the proposed method, particularly in low-permeability rock formations.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for locating deposits of mineral resources below the Earth's crust. A period of resonance of 14-day gravitational tides is predicted based on known information about a location. During the period of resonance, element vapor emissions and/or other data are recorded using gas analyzers and/or other devices, which are spread in an array over the location. The vapors and/or other data are recorded for a period of about 3-4 days. The recorded data is analyzed to determine when and where any anomalies exist. By comparing anomalies to control data, the changes can be further extrapolated to obtain more accurate data. After anomalies are detected and analyzed, the locations of deposits comprising mineral resources can be determined and maps of the locations correlating to the surface are generated.

Abstract: A borescope includes a housing extending from a first end toward a second end, the housing including a first transparent viewing section extending circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the housing and defining an exterior of a portion of the housing; a first imaging assembly configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, and also pivot relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and a second imaging assembly disposed within the housing, the second imaging assembly being configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the second imaging assembly is configured to visualize a field of view exterior of the housing through the first transparent viewing section.

Abstract: A data monitoring system includes a data monitoring tool incorporated into a work string proximate a bottom hole assembly. The data monitoring tool detects at least one wellbore condition and at least one force experienced by the data monitoring tool.

Abstract: A borescope includes a housing extending from a first end toward a second end, the housing including a first transparent viewing section extending circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the housing and defining an exterior of a portion of the housing; a first imaging assembly configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, and also pivot relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and a second imaging assembly disposed within the housing, the second imaging assembly being configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the second imaging assembly is configured to visualize a field of view exterior of the housing through the first transparent viewing section.

Abstract: Provided are a testing instrument and method for checking the degree of saturation of a pressure sensor unit of a piezocone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring valve operation. In one embodiment, an apparatus for monitoring valve operation includes a first acoustic sensor and a monitoring system. The first acoustic sensor is to couple to a valve to detect vibration of the valve. The monitoring system is communicatively coupled to the first acoustic sensor. The monitoring system is configured to receive a signal generated by the first acoustic sensor. The signal is representative of vibration of the valve. The monitoring system is also configured to identify leakage in the valve based on the signal.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for evaluating tubulars installed in a wellbore, which permit detection of wellbore construction errors. Errors in the hardness or grade of the material installed, e.g., in critical wellbores, could potentially affect the integrity of the wellbore and lead to catastrophic effects with respect to well control, pipe connection failure while running casing down-hole, or pipe body failure due to buckling or axial/triaxial failure during stimulation and production. Once tubulars are installed, the devices and methods permit testing the hardness of the steel or other material forming the tubulars. Determining the hardness of the tubulars may provide assurances or indications that remedial action may be appropriate to secure the wellbore. The devices and methods can be implemented to deliver a down-hole Rockwell hardness test in connection with logging while drilling technologies, with wireline tools, or in connection with other deployment mechanisms.

Abstract: The expandable jacket consists of the rubber membrane surrounding the cylindrical specimen, circular segmental metal plates surrounding the rubber membrane, and elastomeric rubber bands or rings around the segmental plates to permit uniform radial expansion and maintain uniform diameter of the specimen during the test and thereby providing accurate values of deviator stress, volume change characteristics and shear strength of soil specimen. To determine the three-dimensional coefficient of consolidation and coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction, the flexible ring consists of all above structural components of expandable jacket except that a filter fabric or paper is wrapped around the cylindrical specimen, and then rubber membrane is mounted surrounding the filter paper or paper.

Abstract: An apparatus including a body having a central axis defined therethrough, at least one extendable arm coupled to the body, and a mechanical property tester coupled to the at least one extendable arm, the mechanical property tester configured to penetrate a surface of a borehole and to measure one or more mechanical properties of the surface of the borehole.

Abstract: A method of operating a drill string includes receiving signals indicative of rotation of a bottom hole assembly (BHA) of the drill string; receiving signals indicative of the torque experience by the BHA; determining from the received signals an average slipping torque and a maximum sticking torque; determining a friction ratio based on the maximum sticking torque and the average slipping torque; and generating an indication that the friction ratio exceeds a limit.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring strain on a downhole carrier includes a strain sensitive chassis configured to be fixedly mounted on a surface of the carrier. The chassis configured to be subject to a strain corresponding to a strain on the carrier; and at least one strain gauge including at least one thin film conductor deposited on a surface of the chassis. Also included is a method of manufacturing a sensor for measuring strain on a downhole carrier.

Abstract: A braking apparatus for a tool string positionable in a wellbore and a method of braking a tool string in a wellbore is disclosed. The braking apparatus includes: a tubular housing having at least one radial arm-bay opening; an actuating mechanism including: a wedge member mounted in an internal cavity of the housing; an axial guide rod coupled at one end to the wedge member; and a push-pull device. The push pull device includes: a biasing member casing through which the guide rod extends to contact the wedge member, a biasing member; and at least one braking arm pivotably mounted to a lower portion of the biasing member casing, wherein when the biasing member casing of the push-pull device in in a lowered position, the braking arm bears on a sloped surface of the wedge member to project the braking arm into contact with a wellbore wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring strain on a downhole component includes: at least one strain sensitive device disposed proximate to a surface of a component of a drilling assembly or disposed within a material forming the component; and a processor in operable communication with the at least one strain sensitive device, the processor configured to detect changes in the at least one strain sensitive device and detect at least one of erosion, crack formation and crack propagation in the component surface. An apparatus for measuring strain on a downhole component includes: at least one strain gauge deposited on a surface of a drive shaft or disposed within a material forming the drive shaft; and a processor in operable communication with the at least one strain gauge, the processor configured to detect changes in the at least one strain gauge and detect conditions affecting operation of the drive shaft.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for determining borehole azimuth. The method comprises receiving a first set of data from a first sensor module, the first sensor module comprising a first plurality of accelerometers; receiving a second set of data from a second sensor module, the second sensor module comprising a second plurality of accelerometers, the second sensor module being positioned further downhole than the first sensor module; determining a first set of gravity components using the first set of data and a second set of gravity components using the second set of data; determining a bend angle and a tilt angle using the first and second sets of gravity components; determining a change in azimuth using the bend and tilt angles; and providing an output indicative of the change in azimuth. The system and method may also use a crustal gravity vector to correct the computed azimuth.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a stress field in a subterranean formation include deploying a stress measurement tool on a tubular string, opening at least three fractures in three different radial directions in the subterranean formation, and closing the at least three fractures. The at least three fractures are reopened while measuring stress and strain conditions. From the reopening, a tangential stress component for each of the at least three fractures is determined. From the tangential stress components and radial directions of the at least three fractures, the stress field of the subterranean formation is determined.

Abstract: A field testing device usable to determine the scour-depth potential of soils relied upon to support structural foundations placed in flowing water is disclosed. The device measures the scour potential in-situ, in relative terms, to the scour potential of fine sand using a columnar containment vessel driven into the soil to be tested. Within the columnar containment vessel is a cutting head as an aid in directing a water flow in a generally horizontal direction across the surface of the soil to be tested. Additionally, the cutting head serves to aid in the evacuation of eroded soil from with the containment vessel through an exhaust port. The exhaust port is part of a continuous closed loop water system which provides water for the scour testing and then removes the used water along with eroded soil particulates.

Abstract: A system to measure the installation torque of a screw pile comprises machinery suitable to drive the screw pile into the ground, said machinery further comprising a rotary drive suspended by means of a universal joint-type coupler. A load pin, having at least one sensor, is mounted through the universal joint-type coupler as a pivot pin and is oriented within the universal joint-type coupler so that at least some of the installation torque is transmitted through said load pin and is measurable by said at least one sensor. Preferably, the load pin further comprises a pair of bores and a plurality of sensors are provided and mounted within the bores. More preferably, a differential bridge network is used to obtain a measurable signal from the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A navigation device for surveying and directing a borehole comprises: a first gyro including a first sensitive axis and a second sensitive axis; a second gyro including at least a third sensitive axis; and a driving unit configured to orient the second gyro in a first mode in a first position in which an earth acceleration dependent error on the second gyro is insignificant and to orient the second gyro in a second mode in a second position in which the third sensitive axis is perpendicular to the first sensitive axis and perpendicular to the second sensitive axis.

Abstract: A member is moved within a well bore in a plurality of cycles, each cycle including holding the member in slips, releasing the slips, moving the member within the well bore and applying the slips. The hook load is measured at multiple points during each of these cycles and the plurality of measured values are used to identify data indicative of the forces on the member within the well bore.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating at least one of a dynamic motion of a portion of interest of a drill string and a static parameter associated with the portion of interest, the apparatus having: a plurality of sensors operatively associated with the drill string at at least one location other than the portion of interest; and a processing system coupled to the plurality of sensors, the processing system configured to estimate at least one of the dynamic motion and the static parameter using a measurement from the plurality of sensors as input.

Abstract: A technique for determining conditions downhole in a well, particularly load conditions acting on a well tool, e.g. a bottom hole assembly. The loads acting on a bottom hole assembly or other well tool during a well related operation are measured. Load data is collected and may be transmitted uphole in real time for evaluation at a surface control unit. Based on the load data and other possible data related to the downhole operation, corrective actions can be taken to improve the operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring forces acting on a downhole tool is provided. The apparatus can include an annular body having an axial bore formed therethrough. A first fluid can be disposed within the bore. An annular sleeve can be disposed proximate an inner surface of the body. An annular chamber can be formed between the body and the sleeve, and a second fluid can be disposed within the chamber. A sensor can be coupled to the sleeve to measure a strain placed on the sleeve by a pressure differential between the first and second fluids. A pressure of the first fluid in the bore can be determined from the strain.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of locating and quantifying friction between a drillstring and a wellbore. The method includes, positioning a plurality of sensors within a wellbore, communicatively coupling the plurality of sensors, monitoring signals from the plurality of sensors, logging the sensed signals versus time versus depth of each of the plurality of sensors, locating at least one friction zone along the drillstring within the wellbore based on the logging and quantifying friction in the at least one friction zone based on the logging.

Abstract: A hermeticity sensor for a device includes a beam positioned within a substantially hermetically sealed cavity. The beam includes a stress that changes in response to being exposed to ambient from outside the cavity. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: Methods, computer programs, and systems for detecting at least one downhole condition are disclosed. Forces are measured at a plurality of locations along the drillstring. The drillstring includes a drillpipe. At least one of the forces is measured along the drillpipe. At least one downhole condition is detected based, at least in part, on at least one measured force.