Abstract: A yarn having good entanglement and good quality, preferably a multifilament polyamide yarn, a method for making the yarn, and a woven fabric made from the yarn wherein the yarn comprises the following properties: the yarn length per defect is greater than or equal to about 3000 meters per defect; the maximum skip length is less than or equal to about 120 millimeters; the ratio between yarn length per defect to maximum skip length is greater than or equal to about 50; the entanglements per meter times the average entanglement strength is greater than or equal to about 120; and the yarn can be woven sizeless. The yarn of the invention is useful in the sizeless weaving of fabric used in air bags.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring properties of a textile test specimen in a measuring gap (2), in which the textile test specimen is introduced, the measuring gap being formed by two walls. In order to provide a device of the type described, with which adjustment of the guide is simplified and with which the test specimen is nevertheless guided with sufficient accuracy, there is provided in the measuring gap a guide element (15) for the test specimen, which is associated with a wall and adjusted in a stationary manner relative to said wall.

Abstract: A method for the continuous monitoring of the coating of a yarnlike dielectric material with assistants comprises applying a solution of said assistants dissolved in a polar solvent to said yarnlike material, then passing said yarnlike material between the electrodes of a downline capacitive measuring element, determining the capacity changes of said downline capacitive measuring element, and using said capacity changes to calculate the unevenness of the layer thickness of the applied solution.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring the extension and contraction properties of filamentous specimens (10), comprising a housing (2) with at least two delivery devices (4, 8) between which a test section (12) for the filamentous specimen (10) extends, a force sensor (14) measuring the force exerted on the filamentous specimen (10) in the test section (12), and a heating means (18) enclosing the filamentous specimen (10) in the test section (12) and heating it to a predetermined temperature, it is provided that a positioning means (24) displaces the filamentous specimen (10) relative to the heating means (18) or displaces the heating means (18) relative to the filamentous specimen (10) such that, in one end position, the specimen (10) is placed outside the heating means (18) and, in the other end position, the specimen is within the heating means (18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for representing properties of elongated textile test specimens such as yarns, rovings and ribbons. In order to create a method which makes values of parameters or measurement results in general ascertainable at a glance even in large numbers and nevertheless also takes differentiated account of critical and less critical parameters or measurement results, values of parameters are plotted along axes which are arranged inclined or substantially concentric relative to one another. A parameter is preferably also represented as a segment (31-36) of a circle, wherein the angle between two axes which intersect in the center of the circle and bound the segment is proportional to the importance of the parameter in a predetermined connection and the radius of the segment is proportional to the measured value for the parameter.

Abstract: Mounted within the measuring section (10) formed by two clamping devices (2, 4) are measuring rollers (8, 9) which deflect the test material (10). The deflection results in a force couple (P, P′) and a resultant force (R). The resultant force (R) is transferred into a load cell (3) via a link (6). This arrangement enables the clamping devices (2, 4) and the load cell (3) to be mounted separately. The measuring rollers (8, 9) are equipped with incremental transducers (19, 20) by means of which the clamp slippage (&Dgr;1) creeping out of the clamping faces of the clamping devices (2, 4) and the extension of the test material sections (10′, 10″) are measured.

Abstract: A method of monitoring on-line the initial modulus of a spun and at least partially drawn textile yarn is provided. The method consists of forwarding the yarn from a forwarding point to a package, winding the yarn on the package whilst traversing the yarn adjacent the package at a periodically disturbed speed, and continuously measuring the short term variation in yarn tension due to the change in yarn path length between the forwarding point and the package. An alarm is initiated if the sampled data is equals predetermined limits. The initial modulus of the yarn is calculated from the amplitude of the tension variations.

Abstract: A fiber property testing system for classing fiber samples based on properties of the fiber samples. Loading means receive unloaded cassettes and load the fiber samples into the unloaded cassettes to produce loaded cassettes. Testing means receive the loaded cassettes, remove fiber subsamples from the loaded cassettes, and perform property testing measurements on the fiber samples and the fiber subsamples. Unloading means unload the tested fiber samples from the loaded cassettes to produce the unloaded cassettes. Conveyance means receive the loaded cassettes from the loading means and deliver the loaded cassettes to the testing means, and receive the unloaded cassettes from the unloading means and deliver the unloaded cassettes to the loading means. Control means control delivery and receipt of the loaded cassettes and the unloaded cassettes, receive and correlate information generated during the property testing measurements, and class the fiber samples based on the information.

Abstract: A method for measuring the tensile stress distribution over the width of the metal strip is provided. In order to measure the tensile stress in a metal strip between two roll stands or between a roll stand and a coiler or a guide roll, a force is exerted on the metal strip using a suction device and effecting a deflection of the metal strip. The deflection of the metal strip is measured and used for calculating the tensile stress distribution over the width of the metal strip.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for the guidance of a spun thread in a spinning station, wherein, after the thread has been produced, it runs in its travel direction through a withdrawal device, a measuring instrument, and a traversing apparatus. The invention makes possible a smooth and stable thread guidance between the withdrawal device and the traversing apparatus, so that both the run of the thread and the quality of wound filament of the thread can be monitored. Between the measuring instrument and the traverse apparatus, at least one deflection roll is provided.

Abstract: A draw-false twisting management system that measures untwisting tension with an untwisting tension sensor (13) and diagnoses trouble in a draw-false twisting machine, wherein the measured values are subjected to fast Fourier transform online by fast Fourier transform means (18), the untwisting tension signal is monitored in a frequency domain, a pattern is extracted for the integral value (area value) or peak value in a specific frequency band, and a comparative judgment against a preset reference pattern is made by trouble-judging means (19), which judges that trouble has occurred in the draw-false twisting when the value falls outside of the reference value range.

Abstract: An instrument is provided with several sensing elements to enable several parameters of a processed yarn to be measured or determined. In order to minimize the total sensing element/guide contact with the yarn within the complete process threadline, the yarn is guided through the instrument by contact only with the inlet and outlet guiding elements of the instrument and contact operative sensing elements. One particular instrument consists, in succession, of an interlace sensing device, a tension sensing device and an oil content sensing device. The electrical resistance of the yarn is measured between two pins of the oil content sensing device and in this case, the first pin is also a tension sensing pin of the instrument, and the second pin of the oil content sensing device is also the outlet guide of the instrument.

Abstract: An arrangement for examining a textile material section is provided, more particularly of toweling goods, by visual inspection by an examiner. In this respect, the examining arrangement has a laying area arranged in the field of vision of the examiner, in which the material section can be positioned so that it is laid flat for examination of the first side of the material section. In addition, the examining arrangement includes a turning device (2, 3), by which the material section (4), starting from the position for examining the first side (8) of the material section (4), can be reversed in such a manner that the material section (4) can be positioned so that it is laid flat in the laying area (6) for examination of the second side (10) of the material section (4).

Abstract: An apparatus for delooping fibers in a fluid flow preferably includes a cyclone for receiving entities from a fiber individualizer and delivering individual fibers to a sensor. The fluid flow rate to the cyclone is set to optimize operation of the individualizer and the flow rate from the cyclone is set to optimize operation of the sensor. A nozzle is provided in the sensor for mechanically delooping the fibers so they are sensed in a straight condition. In addition, electronics associated with the sensor detects sensor signals corresponding to looped fibers and electronically “deloops” the fibers to produce data, such as the actual length of a fiber that was presented to the sensor in a looped condition.

Abstract: An instrument is provided with several sensing elements to enable several parameters of a processed yarn to be measured or determined. In order to minimize the total sensing element/guide contact with the yarn within the complete process threadline, the yarn is guided through the instrument by contact only with the inlet and outlet guiding elements of the instrument and contact operative sensing elements. One particular instrument consists, in succession, of an interlace sensing device, a tension sensing device and an oil content sensing device. The electrical resistance of the yarn is measured between two pins of the oil content sensing device and in this case, the first pin is also a tension sensing pin of the instrument, and the second pin of the oil content sensing device is also the outlet guide of the instrument.

Abstract: An apparatus that individualizes fibers within a feed stream without breaking the fibers. A first stage, having first pinch rollers, receives the feed stream and provides it to a second stage. The second stage receives the feed stream from the first stage, and provides a thinned stream to a third stage. Second stage apron belts draw the feed stream under tension from the first stage into the second stage. Second pinch rollers draw the feed stream under tension from the second stage apron belts and provide the thinned stream to the third stage. The third stage receives the thinned stream from the second stage and provides individualized fibers. Third stage apron belts draw the thinned stream under tension from the second stage into the third stage. Third pinch rollers draw the thinned stream under tension from the third stage apron belts and provide the individualized fibers.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for correction of error of speed and mechanical related error, particularly in the thickness of a fiber band in a textile machine, especially stretch machines. The purpose of the invention lies in the correction of the speed related errors in measurement signals from an instrument of the textile machine. This purpose is achieved by each measurement value generating a respective corresponding inverse and speed related correction value. By means of this correction value, each measurement value can be correspondingly and individually corrected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber testing apparatus which permits creep and strength testing of one or more fibers in a controlled environment, including a vacuum, at high temperatures. Components of the fiber tester provide for accurate measurement of the effects on the fiber(s) being tested when exposed to a chosen environment. The fiber tester includes a furnace system, fiber testing system, a fixed sample, a environmental control system, a mass flow control system, a Computer Data Acquisition and Control (CDAC) system, and a support system. Most of these systems are contained in a test chamber which is part of the environmental control system. These systems of the fiber tester allow various types of mechanical tests to be performed on one or more fibers under a variety of environmental conditions not previously achievable.

Abstract: A gin process control system including sensing stations for sensing the physical properties of cotton as it progresses through a gin. A moisture sensor determines, over a wide range of values, the amount of moisture in the cotton. A quality monitor determines the color of the cotton, color distribution, and the amount and type of trash or other impurities which may be entrained in the cotton. A micronaire unit determines both micronaire and cotton maturity. A fiber length tester provides information on the length distribution, breaking strength, and elongation of the cotton fibers. Cotton samples are gathered from the gin flow stream and presented to the sensing stations in a variety of manual, semi-automated, and automated fashions. In a fully automated unit, the sensing stations are connected directly to the gin. The sensing stations are also in communication with the gin process control system, which uses the data from the sensing stations to automatically control the operation of the gin.

Abstract: A gin process control system including sensing stations for sensing the physical properties of cotton as it progresses through a gin. A moisture sensor determines, over a wide range of values, the amount of moisture in the cotton. A quality monitor determines the color of the cotton, color distribution, and the amount and type of trash or other impurities which may be entrained in the cotton. A micronaire unit determines both micronaire and cotton maturity. A fiber length tester provides information on the length distribution, breaking strength, and elongation of the cotton fibers. Cotton samples are gathered from the gin flow stream and presented to the sensing stations in a variety of manual, semi-automated, and automated fashions. In a fully automated unit, the sensing stations are connected directly to the gin. The sensing stations are also in communication with the gin process control system, which uses the data from the sensing stations to automatically control the operation of the gin.

Abstract: The device for the preparation of fibrous material to be tested comprises means for fastening said fibrous material, means for partitioning the fibrous material, and means for clamping and separating the fibrous material. The means for fastening, the means for partitioning and the means for clamping operate in essentially parallel surface planes. Since the device essentially operates by performing linear translations in surface planes, it is suited to automation, simple, maintenance-friendly and inexpensive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and arrangement for levelling out tension variation of an optical fibre when the fibre is wound on or off a reel, the basic tension of the fibre being provided by means of a dancer. To allow tension to be rapidly levelled out, the fibre is arranged to be deflected between two support and guide means by means of a transverse jet of a gaseous medium generated by a nozzle means mounted in a transverse position in relation to the direction of travel of the fibre.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for monitoring a yarn (1), which is moving in its longitudinal direction, using a measuring head and an evaluation unit (7) which is spatially separate from and connected to the measuring head. To enable optimum use of measuring heads operating according to different physical principles without unduly increasing the outlay, the measuring head includes a first part (2) operating according to a first measuring principle and having a connection (5) to a first part (6) of the evaluation unit for making an evaluation according to the first measuring principle. The measuring head then comprises a further part (9) operating according to a further measuring principle and having a releasable connection (8, 10) to the first part. In addition, the evaluation unit likewise comprises a further part connected by a releasable connection for the evaluation according to the further measuring principle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting periodic defects in a test material moved longitudinally. In order to enable periodic defects in elongate test material moved longitudinally to be continuously detected with little expenditure, at least two measurements of a parameter which follow one another at a comparatively short interval (W/2) are to be carried out at time intervals (T1, T2 , T3).

Abstract: A strain gauge sensor for measuring the unit weight of a moving sliver in a textile machine, comprising a support rigidly mounted on a sliver output end of the textile machine and a trumpet carried by the support for outputting a condensed sliver. At least one strain gauge is carried by the support and responsive to strain imposed on the support by movement of sliver through the trumpet. Electrical circuit is means carried by the support in electrically communicating relation to the strain gauge, and includes a power supply and amplifier carried by the electrical circuit on the support for outputting an excitation voltage and a Wheatstone bridge for receiving the excitation voltage from the power supply and applying the excitation voltage to the at least one strain gauge, receiving a feedback signal from the strain gauge and outputting a control signal corresponding to the weight of the sliver passing through the trumpet.

Abstract: An apparatus, for measuring a yarn tension, capable of preventing a filament breakage or loop from being generated while eliminating the necessity of adjustment and keeping a desired precision of measurement. The apparatus is constructed by an unit 1 for an application of a vibration to a yarn being moved, an unit 2 for measuring an apparent transverse wave propagation velocity of the yarn, and a unit 3 for calculating a true transverse wave propagation velocity based on the yarn speed and the calculated apparent transverse wave propagation velocity of the yarn. A control of a winding of the yarn in accordance with a propagation velocity of the transverse wave is also disclosed.

Abstract: An automatic composite yarn detector including a housing having a passage way through which the yarn to be tested passes, two electrically conductive contact elements intersecting the passage way to receive the pressure of the yarn and to detect its oil content, a tension feeler connected to the contact elements and induced by the pressure received by the contact elements to provide an output signal, and a processing circuit adapted to process the yarn tension signal detected by the tension feeler and the oil content signal detected by the contact elements into corresponding output signals for display through an external display.

Abstract: A gin process control system including sensing stations for sensing the physical properties of cotton as it progresses through a gin. A moisture sensor determines, over a wide range of values, the amount of moisture in the cotton. A quality monitor determines the color of the cotton, color distribution, and the amount and type of trash or other impurities which may be entrained in the cotton. A micronaire unit determines both micronaire and cotton maturity. A fiber length tester provides information on the length distribution, breaking strength, and elongation of the cotton fibers. Cotton samples are gathered from the gin flow stream and presented to the sensing stations in a variety of manual, semi-automated, and automated fashions. In a fully automated unit, the sensing stations are connected directly to the gin. The sensing stations are also in communication with the gin process control system, which uses the data from the sensing stations to automatically control the operation of the gin.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring the quantity and size distribution of nep-like entities in a fiber sample. An individualizer presents entities, such as fibers and neps, to a laterally elongated acceleration/deceleration gas flow nozzle having a laterally-extending sensing volume defined within the nozzle perpendicular to gas flow through the nozzle. The feed rate is such that multiple individualized entities are simultaneously presented to the sensing volume. A sensor output device produces a signal indicating the total amount of material within the sensing volume at any given point in time, such that the sensor output signal has a background resulting from fibers, and occasional signal pulses representing neps. An analyzer samples the signal at a sampling rate at least approximating the transit time of a nep-like entity through the sensing volume, and employs pre-sample and post-sample averaging background suppression to recognize a signal amplitude indicative of a nep-like entity.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for measuring a longitudinal modulus of elasticity of a fiber used for composite material, including a holder for supporting a single fiber at its one end in a cantilever fashion, a heater for heating the single fiber, a measurement device for measuring deflection of the single fiber, and a calculator for calculating a longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the single fiber in accordance with a deflection measured by the measurement device, provided that the single fiber is equivalent to a beam receiving uniformly distributed load thereon based on a dead weight thereof. For instance, the heater includes a closed container having a transparent window through which the deflection of the single fiber is measured The measurement device is a laser displacement gauge or an optical displacement gauge.

Abstract: Method of detecting yarn unevenness appearing as periodic variations of a spun yarn. First, plural yarn samples are taken. Then, k distinct spectrograms are obtained according to the number of the samples. These k spectrums are averaged to create an overall spectrogram. The height of adjacent channels in the overall spectrogram are averaged to create a reference spectrogram. Either the overall spectrogram of the distinct spectrograms are compared with the reference spectrogram of find those portions of the channels that exceed the reference spectrograms in height. These exceeding portions are displayed. Therefore, realistic defective added nonuniformities contained in the spun yarn can be easily detected.

Abstract: A gin process control system including sensing stations for sensing the physical properties of cotton as it progresses through a gin. A moisture sensor determines, over a wide range of values, the amount of moisture in the cotton. A quality monitor determines the color of the cotton, color distribution, and the amount and type of trash or other impurities which may be entrained in the cotton. A micronaire unit determines both micronaire and cotton maturity. A fiber length tester provides information on the length distribution, breaking strength, and elongation of the cotton fibers. Cotton samples are gathered from the gin flow stream and presented to the sensing stations in a variety of manual, semi-automated, and automated fashions. In a fully automated unit, the sensing stations are connected directly to the gin. The sensing stations are also in communication with the gin process control system, which uses the data from the sensing stations to automatically control the operation of the gin.

Abstract: A twist detecting device is capable of detecting twist of band-like cloth even though the thickness of the band-like cloth is changed, and a twist eliminating machine incorporates the twist detecting device.

Abstract: A device for the testing of single fibers (1), comprising a testing zone (2) for tensile testing between a stationary measuring clamp (3) and a movable draw-off clamp (4), is characterized in that at least one measuring head (8) of a further measuring device for at least one further testing process to be performed simultaneously or successively, is arranged in or adjacent the testing zone (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for recording causes of faults in products, in which the faults are recorded and counted. The recorded faults are represented according to selected parameters, so that a fault pattern is obtained. From this, a reference to the cause of the fault is produced.

Abstract: A method includes dividing a yarn into various sections with reference to the pieced yarn section, with each section being characteristic of the piecing process. A yarn profile in each section is measured and evaluated against criteria specific to each section, whereby a yarn defect and its position on the yarn are determined and from which the cause for the defect is determined. The pieced yarn section is also divided into three subsections and each subsection is measured and evaluated against certain subsection criteria for the detection of fluff, trash accumulation and fiber sloughing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the automatic characterization of mechanical and/or geometric properties of stable fiber sample comprises presenting stable fiber samples in a magazine. The stable fiber samples are clamped in place for analysis by the apparatus which characterizes the mechanical and/or geometric properties of the fiber samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a yarn sensor for scanning a yarn (2), which is moving in its longitudinal direction in a measuring gap (3), with a light beam from a light source (4), having a first receiver (7) for directly transmitted light, at least one second receiver (5, 6) for light reflected by the yarn and one element each (8, 9, 10, 11) for transmitting the light between the measuring gap, the light source and a receiver. To keep the overall size and the external dimensions as small as possible, the optical axes (12-15) of the elements for transmitting the light are disposed together in one plane lying at least approximately at right angles to the yarn.

Abstract: A process and device for scanning a moving fiber sliver in a textile machine to measure the thickness of the sliver has a movably mounted scanning element which is pressed against the fiber sliver and has a contact pressure against the sliver. The degree of movement of the movable scanning element indicates changes in the thickness of the moving fiber sliver. An adjusting element is connected to the movably mounted scanning element and maintains a constant contact pressure of the scanning element against the sliver over the entire measuring range of the movable scanning element.

Abstract: A diagnosing apparatus of a yarn monitor which continuously detects yarn diameter of each unit of a spinning machine comprising a number of spinning units, is provided with average value calculating means of yarn diameter, yarn evenness calculating means expressing average deviation of yarn diameter in ratio to average value of yarn diameter, and decision means for comparing the average value and the yarn evenness with that of other units and for outputting an abnormal signal when only the average value is different.

Abstract: A wire temperature measuring method for a wire electric discharge machine, by which temperature and temperature distribution of a wire can be accurately measured during electric discharge machining. After a machining voltage is cut off, a loop current flows. Based on the loop current and a voltage between electrodes measured by a differential amplifier, a resistance between the electrodes is obtained, and the temperature of a wire is obtained based on the resistance. Accordingly, the wire temperature during actual machining operation can be measured with accuracy.

Abstract: Individual broken filaments in a running threadline, e.g., freshly-melt-spun filaments, may be detected and recorded by a novel piezoelectric film sensor device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining irregularities in the mass of a sliver, with a measuring chamber (21) for the sliver which has an entrance and an exit and into which a gas stream is introduced via an orifice (25, 26), a relation existing between the gas pressure in the prechamber (20) and the irregularity in mass in the sliver. In order to increase the measuring accuracy, the prechamber (20) is connected to a source of stable pressure for the gas stream via a prenozzle (47). In order to increase the measuring speed, the air volume in the prechamber is kept small. A pressure sensor is connected to the prechamber, measures the pressure fluctuations and converts these into an electrical signal.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical fiber producing apparatus having non-contact fiber tension monitoring, comprising: a traveling wave wavelet transformation processor and a time-of-flight fiber tension processor. The traveling wave transformation processor responds to a fiber transverse position processor signal representing information relating to a traveling wave propagating in one direction along a moving fiber and a reflection of the traveling wave propagating back in an opposite direction along the moving fiber, and provides a traveling wave transformation processor signal. The time-of-flight fiber tension processor responds to the traveling wave transformation processor signal, and further responsive to a fiber draw speed signal, and provides a time-of-flight fiber tension processor signal indicative of a fiber tension of the moving fiber using traveling wave time-of-flight analysis.

Abstract: A tester for measuring a durability of a knitted yarn portion in which at least two sets of yarns, including a set of first yarns and a set of second yarns, are intersected, the tester includes: a first holding unit holding ends of the two sets of yarns at first positions that are relative to the knitted yarn portion; a second holding unit holding opposite ends of the two sets of yarns at second positions that are relative to the knitted yarn portion; and a position adjusting unit, connected to the first holding unit and the second holding unit, allowing at least one of the first positions and the second positions, relative to the knitted yarn portion, to be moved to other positions, thus varying an intersecting angle of the yarns of the knitted yarn portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring the thickness and/or irregularity of slivers, with a compacting part (2) compacting the sliver and with a measuring part which has a gutter-like guide conduit (8) for the compacted sliver and a sensing member (10) which senses the sliver mechanically and which is adjustable relative to the guide conduit. In order to allow more accurate measurement, the sensing member is likewise of gutter-like design in a region in contact with the sliver and forms a kind of guide conduit (15), so that, in the measuring part, the sliver runs through a guide conduit consisting of a fixed part (13) and of a part (14) adjustable relative to the fixed part (13). The adjustable part is fastened to deflectable carriers (11, 12), and the measurement of the thickness and/or irregularity of the sliver is carried out by measuring the adjustment of at least one of the said carriers.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring a tension of a belt in a state spanned between pulleys under tension. Vibration is applied to the belt with a frequency varying within a predetermined frequency range including a resonance vibration frequency of the belt. Amplitude of vibration of the belt is detected to thereby output a corresponding amplitude signal. Occurrence of resonance of the belt is determined on the basis of a steep change of the amplitude signal. The vibration frequency of the belt detected upon occurrence of the resonance is identified as a resonance vibration frequency of the belt. Tension of the belt is determined on the basis of the resonance vibration frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the mass density of a moving filament is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a filament across two supports, tensioning the filament, inducing a vibration into the filament segment between the supports, reinforcing the vibration using an amplified feedback signal, detecting the vibrational frequency data, processing the data using a fast-fourier transform analysis, and then displaying the frequency. The use of the feedback signal results in a self-tuning resonant loop. Open loop versions may also be used. The apparatus includes a base supporting a fixed support and a transducer which in turn supports a moveable support. The transducer vibrates the moveable support transversely to the direction of travel of the filament, thereby inducing a transverse vibrational mode. The output of the transducer is amplified and used to drive a second amplifier to produce a self-tuning resonant loop.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring sliver thickness in a drawing frame includes a sliver guiding device which has an inlet for simultaneously receiving a plurality of side-by-side running slivers having an advancing direction; and a sliver combining arrangement defining a plane extending parallel to the advancing direction for bringing the slivers together to form a sliver assembly constituted by a plurality of side-by-side positioned running slivers arranged in the plane and laterally contacting one another. A movable sensor element is situated at the apparatus outlet and laterally contacts the sliver assembly with an adjustable force. The sensor element undergoes excursions upon variation of thickness of the sliver assembly. The sensor element and a counterelement together define a restriction through which the sliver assembly passes. A transducer converts excursions of the sensor element into electric pulses.

Abstract: A laboratory-scale device for assisting in the simulation of heat setting conditions includes a pair of laterally spaced-apart flexible heat-resistant cords (e.g., formed of aramid fibers) tensioned between forward and rearward rigid cross-support bars. At least one rigid tensioning bar is provided parallel to the support cords and extending between the cross-support bars so as to maintain the desired tension on the flexible heat-resistant cords. The tensioning bar thus allows for manual or automated lateral winding of the synthetic heat-settable fibers or yarns about the spaced-apart heat-resistant cords during preparation of the device for a laboratory test run. The tensioning bar may thereafter be removed once the device has been secured in position with the laboratory heat-setting oven. In such a manner, therefore, various effects on heat-setting conditions simulating can be investigated.