Abstract: The present invention relates in one aspect to an infusion fluid warmer which comprises a casing shell having an upper wall structure and a lower, opposing, wall structure. The casing shell encloses a fluid channel or passage extending through the casing shell in-between the upper and lower wall structures and fluid inlet and outlet ports coupled to opposite ends of the fluid channel or passage to allow a flow of infusion fluid through the casing shell. A housing shell is formed in a thermally conducting and electrically insulating material and a heating element is bonded to the housing shell and thermally coupled thereto. The fluid channel or passage extends through the housing shell or extends around the housing shell such that heat energy is transferred to the infusion fluid by direct physical contact with housing shell material.

Abstract: A method for measuring a flow of a fluid in a tube includes heating the fluid in the tube with a heating element. A first signal is measured with a first temperature sensing element at a first location. A second signal is measured with a second temperature sensing element at a second location. At least one temperature signal is calculated based on the first signal and the second signal. The at least one temperature signal includes a difference temperature signal and a sum temperature signal. The difference temperature signal is calculated based on a difference between the second signal and the first signal. The sum temperature signal is calculated based on a sum of the second signal and the first signal. The flow is derived based on the difference temperature signal, the sum temperature signal, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A measuring device includes two sensor chips that measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through a pipe, electrode pads extending from a temperature measuring section and from a heater, respectively, toward peripheries of the two sensor chips, and wires that are electrically connected to the electrode pads and via which a measurement signal that is output from the temperature measuring section or the heater is transmitted to outside of the sensor chips. Each of the electrode pads includes a straight portion that extends linearly from the temperature measuring section or the heater and a wide portion that is formed at a leading end of each of the electrode pads and is wider than the straight portion, and an entire surface area of the wide portion is set as a wire-bonding-allowed region, to which one of the wires is to be bonded.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement is described for determining at least one parameter of a fluid medium flowing through a measuring channel, particularly of an intake air mass flow of an internal combustion engine. The sensor arrangement includes a sensor housing, in particular a plug-in sensor which is introduced or may be introduced into a flow tube and in which the measuring channel is formed, and at least one sensor chip which is situated in the measuring channel for determining the parameter of the fluid medium. The sensor chip is attached to a sensor carrier protruding into the measuring channel. The sensor carrier is designed in such a way that it has a chord. The chord has a length of 4.5 mm to 6.5 mm. In a preferred refinement, the sensor carrier is shaped like a double ellipse or a diving board.

Abstract: A collar is provided for use with a fluid flow sensor to reduce condensation of a moist gas flowing through the fluid flow sensor. The collar comprises a body defining an interior that defines an airspace between the collar and the housing of the fluid flow sensor when the collar is positioned on the fluid flow sensor. The collar also includes a heat source secured to the body and adapted to heat air contained within the airspace to consequently heat the housing of the fluid flow sensor and the interior surfaces of the sensor to reduce condensation of the moist gas.

Abstract: A sensor interface circuit and sensor output adjusting method are provided. The sensor interface circuit includes a processor and a gain control circuit. The processor obtains information of a linear region of a sensor to set a configuration corresponding to the sensor. The gain control circuit is coupled to the processor, performs a return-to-zero operation for a maximum electronic value and a minimum electronic value corresponding to the linear region and performs a full-scale operation for a slope of the linear region according to the maximum input range of an analog-to-digital converter which is a subsequent-stage circuit of the sensor interface circuit.

Abstract: A device (1) for determining temperature and a measuring arrangement for determining flow that allows for a secure attachment on an object. The device has a measuring element (2) with a temperature-dependent electric resistance value. The measuring element (2) is surrounded by a thermally conductive fixing element (5) and is encompassed by a retaining bracket (6).

Abstract: A collar is provided for use with a fluid flow sensor to reduce condensation of a moist gas flowing through the fluid flow sensor. The collar comprises a body defining an interior that defines an airspace between the collar and the housing of the fluid flow sensor when the collar is positioned on the fluid flow sensor. The collar also includes a heat source secured to the body and adapted to heat air contained within the airspace to consequently heat the housing of the fluid flow sensor and the interior surfaces of the sensor to reduce condensation of the moist gas.

Abstract: A method for determining mass flow of a gas by means of a mass flow meter, which has a first and a second temperature sensor, which can be flowed around by the gas. The first temperature sensor is heated with a heating power Q, wherein the mass flow of the medium is determined by means of a power coefficient PC=Q/?T as a function of a heating power Q and a temperature difference ?Tm=T1?T2 between the measured values of the temperature sensor. A corrected power coefficient PCcorr is determined, wherein at least one correction occurs by means of at least one recovery correction term Ki, wherein the recovery correction term Ki has the form Ki=?x·u2/(2·cp), wherein u is the flow velocity and cp the heat capacity of the medium, ?x is an element of the set {?1; ?2; ?12}, ?1:=e1?cr, ?2:=e2?cr and ?12:=e1?e2=?1??2, e1 and e2 are the recovery factors of the first, respectively second, temperature sensors, and wherein cr is a constant reference value, for which holds cr?1, especially cr=1.

Abstract: A water treatment sensor includes a housing having a bottom with an exterior surface in contact with a flow path of a fluid and an interior surface. First and second probes spaced from one another extend from the exterior surface and into the flow path. A first circuit electrically connects the first and second probes and determines a conductivity from a measured resistivity between the probes. First and second temperature sensors are spaced from one another and are coupled to the interior surface. The first sensor determines a temperature of the fluid. A temperature elevated by a heat source and determined by the second sensor is maintained above the temperature of the fluid. A second circuit determines a flow rate of the fluid based on adjustments to the heat source. Communication circuitry communicates the conductivity, the temperature, and the flow rate of the fluid to a controller.

Abstract: A respiration monitoring system includes a thermoelectric generator that may be mounted within a mask enclosure or free-standing, covering all or part of the nose and/or mouth of a subject. A first temperature sensor is attached to the thermoelectric generator for measuring the subject's breath. A power controller develops a difference between a preset temperature and the subject's breath temperature that is then inserted into a feedback error signal and then into a power controller which regulates the power to the thermoelectric generator to maintain a preset temperature.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining flow rate of air or other gas through a conduit independently of conduit cross sectional area include providing apparatus for and measuring temperature of the air or other gas at a first position along the conduit; providing apparatus for and heating the air or other gas in the conduit of the location downstream from the first position by application of a known power level to the air or other gas in the conduit; providing apparatus for and measuring air or other gas temperature at a second position downstream of the heating position along the conduit; providing apparatus for and subtracting air or other gas temperature at the second position from air or other gas temperature at the first position to obtain a temperature difference and thereafter providing apparatus for and dividing power applied to heat the air or other gas by the product of the temperature difference and the specific heat of the air or other gas.

Abstract: A method and device for a liquid media parameters determination, wherein an extended heater oriented along the fluid flow is installed in the fluid flow. Fluid flow temperature is measured. The heater is heated up and the temperatures at the interfaces “heater front surface?flow zone” and “heater rear surface?flow zone” are measured; for the both interfaces, measured values are used for calculating temperature difference between the said heater and the flow, while the water-to-oil relationship is determined through calculations by using either mathematical or graphic relationships. The device for determining the parameters of fluid flow comprising a heater, characterized in that the heater has an extended shape and is oriented along the fluid flow direction, with two thermal sensors located at the opposite ends of the heater, which are capable of transmitting measured data remotely.

Abstract: Fluid current measurement by means of resistance differentials in thermistor. Input parameters to micro-processor like fluid temperature, depth, change in electrical resistance, direction sensors. Output calculation of fluid current, current direction, temperature, danger level and recommended safe distance from the boat.

Abstract: There is proposed a method of operating a solar thermal process heat plant, in which a heat carrier medium is heated in a heating section by solar radiation, wherein the heating section comprises a plurality of heating branches, among which the heat carrier medium is distributed, comprising measuring at heating branches a state variable of the heat carrier medium, respectively, calculating a mean value of measured state variables over heating branches, and controlling mass flow control valves in the respective heating branches in dependence upon the respective deviation between the measured state variable of the flowing heat carrier medium in the respective heating branch and the calculated mean value.

Abstract: The flow of a fluid at low flow rates is measured in a flow sensing assembly and controlled without introducing measuring devices into the fluid flow path. The flow sensing assembly is enclosed in a housing to lessen ambient and fluid temperature change effects on the measurements obtained. As the fluid is flowing through tubing in the flow sensing assembly, the tubing is heated to impart heat to the fluid. Heat sensors are attached at spaced positions from each other along the tubing in the direction of fluid flow to sense temperatures. The amount of heat applied to the tubing is controlled to maintain an established temperature differential between the heat sensors. The amount of heat applied is measured to provide an accurate and proportional indication of the fluid flow rate.

Abstract: A gas mass flow sensor or probe (35, 37, 39) of an air flow sensing and control system (17, 19, 21) based upon hot-wire type devices where flow sensing is achieved by controlling the difference between two temperature sensing elements (51 and 53) suspended in the flow stream (41, 43, 45). The first element (53) is used to measure the ambient temperature of the fluid flow and the second element (51) is maintained at a programmed temperature (121) above ambient by a current-fed heater (49). The mass flow rate density is determined from heater current (117) required to maintain the temperature difference and the total flow in the duct is inferred. To measure the flow in which the elements (51, 53) are submerged, electronic circuitry monitors the two temperature elements (51, 53) and controls the amount of current through the heater (49) such that there will always be a predetermined difference between the ambient and heated temperatures. The sensor provides an output signal (101) for use by other devices (23).

Abstract: Embodiments of a flowmeter and velocity measurement method are described, which include preferably a dual element thermocouple that is immersed in a flowing fluid and a computer that processes, validates, and calculates data to arrive at a velocity measurement for fluids at low flow rates. A temperature differential is created by the Peltier effect when electric current is applied to one thermocouple pair in the dual element thermocouple, and this temperature differential causes heat transfer to occur between the fluid and the thermocouple. The temperature response of the cooled junction of the thermocouple is preferably measured using the second pair of the dual element thermocouple while the electric current is pulsed on and off.

Abstract: Thermal dispersion probes used as flowrate sensors in process control of a medium heated by a heater. The device includes a reference temperature sensor for producing an electrical signal indicative of the temperature of the medium in which it is immersed, and an active temperature sensor for producing an electrical signal indicative of the temperature of the medium adjacent the heater. The temperature difference between the active sensor and the reference sensor is processed in a processor which varies the heater power to maintain the temperature differential between the active sensor and the reference sensor within a predetermined range, whereby the predetermined range provides an optimal sensitivity for the probes.