Abstract: A method using a gas reservoir and a critical nozzle for determining physical properties and/or quantities relevant to combustion of gas or gas mixtures, the method includes: flowing a gas or gas mixture under pressure from the gas reservoir through the critical nozzle; measuring pressure drop in the gas reservoir as a function of time; determining a gas property factor (?*), dependent on physical properties of the gas or gas mixture, based on the measured values of the pressure drop; and determining a desired physical property or quantity relevant to combustion based on the gas property factor (?*) through correlation.

Abstract: This true density measurement device is a device that is used to measure the true density of a sample by a gas phase substitution method, and is provided with: a sample chamber for accommodating the sample, the sample chamber being pressurized through the introduction of an inert gas; and an expansion chamber into which is released the inert gas filling the sample chamber. The expansion chamber under conditions of normal use, is opened and closed by a detachable cover, and the volume thereof is modified by insertion or withdrawal of a volume modification member.

Abstract: This true density measurement device is a device for measuring the true density of a sample by a gas phase substitution method, and is provided with a sample chamber for housing the sample, and a lid for providing closure to an opening of the sample chamber. The lid is a non-rotating lid that is pressed against the rim of the opening to hermetically seal the sample chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric switching device (1), comprising at least one switching-device pole filled with insulating gas and a monitoring apparatus (14). The monitoring apparatus (14) comprises a density monitor (15) and a housing part (16), wherein a gas chamber (17) is contained in the housing part (16), which gas chamber is connected to the switching-device pole and to the density monitor (15) and can be connected to a testing device for the density monitor (15), and wherein the housing part (16) contains a shut-off element (20), which can be actuated into an open position and into a closed position. The actuation of the shut-off element (20) is independent of the connection of the gas chamber (17) to the testing device.

Abstract: A system and method to obtain correct gas density and flux measurements using (i) gas analyzer (open-path, or closed-path gas analyzers with short intake tube, or any combination of the two); (ii) fast temperature or sensible heat flux measurement device (such as, fine-wire thermocouple, sonic anemometer, or any other device providing fast accurate gas temperature measurements); (iii) fast air water content or latent heat flux measurement device (such as, hygrometer, NDIR analyzer, any other device providing fast accurate gas water content measurements); (iv) vertical wind or sampling device (such as sonic anemometer, scintillometer, or fast solenoid valve, etc.) and (v) algorithms in accordance with the present invention to compute the corrected gas flux, compensated for T-P effects. In case when water factor in T-P effects is negligible, the fast air water content or latent heat flux measurement device (item iii in last paragraph) can be excluded.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide means to obtain correct gas density and flux measurements using (i) gas analyzer (open-path, or closed-path gas analyzers with short intake tube, for example 1 m long, or any combination of the two); (ii) fast temperature or sensible heat flux measurement device (such as, fine-wire thermocouple, sonic anemometer, or any other device providing fast accurate gas temperature measurements); (iii) fast air water content or latent heat flux measurement device (such as, hygrometer, NDIR analyzer, any other device providing fast accurate gas water content measurements); (iv) vertical wind or sampling device (such as sonic anemometer, scintillometer, or fast solenoid valve, etc.) and (v) algorithms in accordance with the present invention to compute the corrected gas flux, compensated for T-P effects.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a gas specimen mixture includes measuring the concentrations of inert components in the gas specimen mixture and the pressure and temperature of the gas specimen mixture. A number of sample gas mixtures are generated with varying percentages of hydrocarbon gases, each including the measured inert component concentrations. For each generated sample gas mixture, the method includes calculating the speed of sound therein based on the measured pressure and temperature and the particular percentages of hydrocarbon gases therein, measuring the speed of sound in the gas specimen mixture, and iteratively comparing the measured speed of sound with the calculated speed of sound in different sample gas mixtures until convergence for a particular sample gas mixture. The molecular weight of the particular sample gas mixture is calculated, and set the molecular weight of the gas specimen mixture to the calculated molecular weight.

Abstract: A gas specimen mixture analysis system includes at least one sensor for measuring the concentrations of inert components in the gas specimen mixture, a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the gas specimen mixture, and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the gas specimen mixture. A subsystem measures the speed of sound in the gas specimen mixture, and a processing subsystem, responsive to the at least one inert component sensor, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the subsystem for measuring the speed of sound, is configured to generate a number of sample gas mixtures with varying percentages of hydrocarbon gases, each including the measured inert component concentrations.

Abstract: A weight estimating system for estimating the weight of a mailpiece and a postage metering system including such a weight estimating system. The weight estimating system includes a measuring system, a diverter mechanism and a microprocessor system. The measuring system includes a transport, a first plurality of detectors for measuring the dimensions of the mailpiece and a second plurality of detectors for measuring values of other characteristics of the mailpiece which are indicative of the presence of non-paper materials in the mailpiece as the mailpiece is transported. The microprocessor is responsive to the second detectors to determine if non-paper materials are included in the mailpiece and, if not, determines the volume from the dimensional measurements and estimates the weight as the product of the volume and a density for paper output an appropriate postage amount to the meter and the mailpiece to the printer.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for monitoring the fluidic contents of a tank. The tank includes a quick disconnect valve and an assembly includes a monitor device, such as, for example, a gas density monitor, a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor, etc., and a quick disconnect fitting. The monitor device is coupled to the quick disconnect fitting. The quick disconnect fitting is adapted to couple to the quick disconnect valve such that the interior of the quick disconnect fitting is in fluidic communication with the interior of the monitor device for reducing the chance of leakage upon connection/disconnection.

Abstract: A system is provided for improved flow measurement in a multiphase fluid stream in an oilfield environment. A sampling probe is provided which draws fluid samples at different radial locations across a diameter or a chord of a cross sectional plane of a multiphase fluid flow line. Properties of these samples are measured by a multiphase flow metering system separately, and are then used to determine in a more accurate manner the fluid flow characteristics radially across the multiphase fluid flow line.

Abstract: An improved OBS based technique that monitors gas emissions from smoke stacks, tail pipes, and other sources, and that separates gas column density from thermal radiance contrast. The technique of the present invention utilizes a software generated digital filter (30) constructed to correlate with only the spectrum of gas (12) of interest, and have zero correlation with background components (22). Through using the improved OBS technique of the present invention, high performance and more positive cost effective gas monitoring systems and sensors may be built and implemented.

Abstract: The fuel gas or a substream of the fuel gas is passed through a volumetric flowmeter and the volumetric gas flow is measured. In addition, the pressure, temperature and the proportion of at least one inert gas as well as the density and the dielectric constant are measured under reference conditions. The amount of heat supplied to gas consumption devices can be determined from these six parameters reliably without complicated technology.

Abstract: A reliable gaseous hydrogen detection and measuring device which is simple, easy to use, does not require any reference gas supply, and which can be of reasonably rugged construction. The device utilizes a disc comprising a solid state ceramic hydronium conductor of the general formula Na(H3O)Zr2SixP(3−x)O12 Na(H3O)xZr2SixP(3−x)O12 together with a silver based electrode system on one side, and a catalytic noble metal electrode, such as platinum, on the other. By measurement of the output voltage across the electrodes, both the presence, and the amount, of hydrogen in a gaseous system can be determined.