Abstract: A thermal desorption tube for chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The thermal desorption tube includes a sorbent and a plurality of focusing agents loaded at known, relative amounts onto the sorbent. Each focusing agent is a compound that chromatographically elutes within a retention time similar to a retention time of a target analyte and has a mass spectrum similar to a mass spectrum of the target analyte. The thermal desorption tube is configured to be further loaded with a sample having the target analyte.

Abstract: A system and method for sample analysis using a portable gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) is provided. The GC-MS system includes an injector configured to accept a sample containing a mixture of chemicals and release at least part of the sample for a separation by GC, a MEMS GC column with an integrated heater configured to accept and at least partly separate the mixture of chemicals, and a mass analyzer in a vacuum chamber configured to accept and mass-analyze the released separated chemicals. The MEMS GC column with the integrated heater is located mostly inside the MS vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A detector for gas chromatography includes a manifold, a first bridge circuit, and a second bridge circuit. A first analysis flow path, a first reference flow path, a second analysis flow path, and a second reference flow path are formed in the manifold. The first bridge circuit is configured to be capable of detecting a predetermined component in a first analysis gas using the first analysis resistive body and the first reference resistive body. The second bridge circuit is configured to be capable of detecting a predetermined component in a second analysis gas using the second analysis resistive body and the second reference resistive body. The distance between the first analysis resistive body and the second reference resistive body is less than the distance between the first analysis resistive body and the second analysis resistive body.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer-readable storage media for determining a new optimal read threshold voltage associated with a group of pages of non-volatile memory. It is determined whether the current optimal read threshold voltage associated with the group of pages is out of tolerance based at least in part on a retention drift history associated with the group of pages. Upon determining that the current optimal read threshold voltage is out of tolerance, reference cells associated with the group of pages are written with a pattern having a known statistical distribution of ones and zeroes. The new optimal read threshold voltage associated with the group of pages is determined by reading the reference cells, and the retention drift history associated with the group of pages is updated with the new optimal read threshold voltage and an indication of a new reference cell generation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for calculating the area of a peak profile using information from one or more correlated peak profiles. One or more compounds are separated from a mixture over time using a separation device. Traces of the one or more compounds are monitored during the separation using a tandem mass spectrometer. A plurality of intensity measurements are received using a processor. A first peak profile for a compound of interest is detected from the plurality of intensity measurements for a first trace and one or more correlated peak profiles for the compound of interest are detected from the plurality of intensity measurements for one or more other traces using the processor. An area of the first peak profile is calculated based on the one or more correlated peak profiles using the processor.

Abstract: A method is provided for analyzing a sample and identifying species using chromatography and spectrometry. Possible candidate species to be used in a regression analysis are selected for consideration based on their retention indices in a chromatography column and peak locations in an infrared spectrum. By using such a selection process, the number of combinations of species to be used in the regression analysis can be significantly reduced. The species and respective concentrations in the sample are identified by using an iterative process with regression analysis and minimizing least squares errors between a sample spectrum and a computed spectrum associated with selected candidate species.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer-readable storage media for selecting a retention drift predictor scheme, reading retention drift history associated with reference cells of a plurality of groups of pages of a non-volatile memory (NVM), and predicting values for an optimal read threshold voltage of at least some of the plurality of groups of pages. The predicting of values for an optimal read threshold voltage may be based at least on the selected retention drift predictor scheme and the read retention drift history.

Abstract: A portable gas analyzer comprising an integrated micro-flame ionization detector (micro-FID), a micro-gas chromatograph (micro-GC), an electrolyzer, and a flame-shaped electrode are provided. The components of the portable gas analyzer can be integrated into a single “lunchbox” sized housing with all the peripherals required to operate the micro-GC/FID without an external power and gas supply.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting a target substance on a subject without contacting the subject are disclosed. At least one air jet blows analyte from a surface of the subject into an airflow, the airflow entraining the analyte. A desorption channel desorbs molecules from analyte in a portion of the airflow travelling through the desorption channel. An ionizer forms ions from vapor molecules in the portion of the airflow. At least one mass spectrometer analyzes the ions to detect the target substance. The flow travels without interruption from the subject to the at least one mass spectrometer. The desorption channel causes a sufficient quantity of molecules to desorb from the analyte to enable the at least one mass spectrometer to detect the target substance.

Abstract: In some embodiments, apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient, to detect the differentiated gas components, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. Other apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A chromatograph analyzing device for automatically executing a base line setting process on an unseparated peak using preset base line conditions. The chromatograph analyzing device includes a separation unit for separating a component included in a sample, and a data processing device for identifying the component of the sample and the quantity of the component in the sample by using a chromatogram obtained from the separation.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus comprising a plurality of multiple-gas analysis devices positioned within a relevant area, each multiple-gas analysis device capable of detecting the presence, concentration, or both, of one or more gases. A data and control center is communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of multiple-gas analysis device, the data and control system including logic that, when executed, allows the data and control center to monitor readings from the plurality of multiple-gas analysis devices and if any readings indicate the presence of one or more contaminants, identifying the source of the contaminants based on the readings from the plurality of multiple-gas analysis devices.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph operable to analyze a sample gas comprising a carrier gas and components. The gas chromatograph includes a bridge circuit with a sample sensor connected therein. A servo amplifier is connected to the bridge circuit and is operable to maintain the sample sensor at a constant temperature. An output of the servo amplifier is digitized and is used to quantify the components in the sample gas.

Abstract: The present invention aims at realizing an energy-saving mode in which the usage of a carrier gas and the power consumption are sufficiently suppressed without causing damage to the apparatus. When a command for executing the energy-saving mode is entered (S1), the column flow rate after the transition to the energy-saving mode (when the temperature decreases) is computed by using control parameters determined in correspondence to the energy-saving mode. If the flow rate exceeds the allowable upper limit determined by the configuration of the apparatus (S3 and S4), a warning for urging users to decrease the column inlet pressure and enter the command again is displayed (S11). If the computed flow rate is not higher than the allowable upper limit, a constant pressure control is performed aiming at the inlet pressure at that point in time (S5 and S6). Although the column flow rate gradually increases after the heater of the column oven is turned off, it will not exceed the allowable upper limit.

Abstract: Embodiments of extraction unit and an analysis method are provided. In one embodiment, the analysis method includes the steps of providing a feed stream and a species-selective solvent to the distillation column, drawing a vapor sample from the distillation column, condensing the vapor sample, and analyzing at least a portion of the condensed vapor sample.

Abstract: A test swipe for testing drugs, explosives or a chemical compound includes a base; and one or more swipe pads positioned on the base to receive one or more chemicals thereon, the one or more swipe pads displaying an array of colors after receiving the chemicals to uniquely identify a chemical compound.

Abstract: Composite sampling of a fluid flowing through a conduit includes collecting, in a vessel coupled to the conduit through which the fluid is flowing, a first discrete sample of fluid from the conduit, the first discrete sample having a first selected volume, and collecting, in the vessel and at a first interval from the first sample, a second discrete sample of the fluid from the conduit, the second discrete sample having a second selected volume, thereby forming a composite sample in the vessel while the vessel is coupled to conduit. The composite sample includes the first discrete sample and the second discrete sample, and may include one or more additional discrete samples. An apparatus for collecting the composite sample includes a gas chromatograph, and is arranged such that the composite sample is provided to the gas chromatograph without removing the composite sample from the apparatus or transporting the composite sample.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool or tool body, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient in a receiving section, to detect the differentiated gas components with a detector, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. A reaction section and a vacuum section may be used for waste consumption and/or absorption.

Abstract: Example embodiments include one or more of a method, computing device, computer-readable medium and system for allocating oil production from geochemical fingerprints. In an example embodiment, a method may include providing a known mixture comprising known proportions of a plurality of end-members; providing an unknown mixture comprising unknown proportions of the end-members; performing a chromatographic analysis of each of the known mixture, the end-members, and the unknown mixture; determining a plurality of peak ratios, and prior peak ratio qualities related to the peak ratios, using the chromatographic analysis; and estimating an estimate of the unknown proportions of the end-members using the peak ratios, the prior peak ratio qualities, and the known proportion of the end-members.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph (GC) apparatus capable of detecting abnormality, in which a reference retention index is obtained from a result obtained by analyzing a given substance and a retention-index reference substance under adequate analysis conditions using a normal column, and stored in a storage section. Further, under a condition that the apparatus can perform normal analysis, the given substance is subjected to GC analysis to obtain a reference retention time, and the obtained reference retention time is stored in the storage section. A diagnosis processing section is operable to compare each of an actual retention time and an actual retention index with a respective one of the reference retention time and the reference retention index. If a deviation therebetween or abnormality is detected, the diagnosis processing section is operable to estimate a causal factor of the abnormality.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool or tool body, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient in a receiving section, to detect the differentiated gas components with a detector, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. The receiving section may comprise a diffusion section. A reaction section and a vacuum section may be used for waste consumption and/or absorption.

Abstract: A method of determining physico-chemical properties of a petroleum sample from two-dimensional gas chromatography. The amounts of molecular compounds present in the sample are determined by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography. At least one physical property, such as the octane number, is then determined from these amounts. A previously calibrated relation connecting the physical property to the amounts is used to this end.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing chromatograms obtained by a process gas chromatograph in a plurality of subsequent measurements of a process stream.

Abstract: A chromatograph analyzing device for automatically executing a base line setting process on an unseparated peak using preset base line conditions. The chromatograph analyzing device includes a separation unit for separating a component included in a sample, and a data processing device for identifying the component of the sample and the quantity of the component in the sample by using a chromatogram obtained from the separation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for multidimensional gas chromatography for separating the analytes of a complex sample. The method comprises the steps of introducing the sample onto a first column whereby the sample is separated into at least two segments, introducing at least one segment into a heartcut device whereby the segments are selectively separated into at least two heartcut fractions, introducing at least one of the fractions onto a second column whereby at least one fraction is further separated into at least two analytes, introducing at least one analyte from the second column to a gas chromatography connector, introducing the analyte from the connector to a third column, and introducing the analyte from the third column into a detector whereby the analyte is analyzed and identified.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooling a chromatographic column is disclosed generally, comprising heating a chromatographic column, supplying fluid into the column via the inlet end of the column at an inlet pressure, decreasing the temperature of the column, thereby causing the fluid in the column to contract, and controlling the fluid in the column such that the rate at which the fluid in the column contracts does not exceed the flow rate of the fluid supplied to the column. In certain embodiments, the rate of change of the volume of the fluid in the column as the column temperature decreases is modeled, and the rate of contraction of the gas in the column is estimated therefrom. In some embodiments, the column temperature and/or inlet pressure are controlled by a programmable chromatographic oven.

Abstract: A method for the superficial-phase chromatography of a product comprises the steps which are performed continuously in the following order, namely: an operation consisting in pumping a supercritical fluid; and operation consisting of injecting at least one sample of product into at least one chromatography column, a detection operation, and a fraction collection operation. The method comprises at least a first diversion along between an analytical channel and a preparatory channel, which diversion is performed prior to the supercritical fluid pumping operation and the analytical and preparatory channels each including respective supercritical fluid pumping operations. The method is also characterized in that the collection operation is common to both the analytical and preparatory channels. An installation used to implement one such method is described.

Abstract: A portable multi-dimensional gas chromatograph, the gas chromatograph including a carrier gas container, a regulator fluidly connected to the carrier gas container, a dopant chamber containing a reference chemical, at least one pre-concentrator which is fluidly connected to the regulator and the dopant chamber, a first separation column fluidly connected to the at least one pre-concentrator, a second separation column fluidly connected to the at least one pre-concentrator, a first detector fluidly connected to the first separation column, and a second detector fluidly connected to the second separation column.

Abstract: A gas chromatography system comprising a sample introduction device, an oven coupled to the sample introduction device and a detector coupled to the oven is disclosed. In certain examples, the oven may be configured to receive a chromatography column in a space in the oven. In some examples, the oven may be constructed and arranged to provide a substantially constant temperature to the space during an analysis stage of the gas chromatography system.

Abstract: This unique process is a feed forward control of hydroprocessing by on-line sulfur speciation. An on-line gas analyzer such as (GC) with a sulfur specific detector (AED) would be installed to analyze the feed to a hydrotreating unit. The analyzer would be calibrated to quantify the individual sulfur compounds or classes of sulfur compounds present in the feed. The output from the analyzer would be linked to the unit's distributed control system to automatically change temperatures and feed rates to change hydrotreating severity. This invention could bring economical benefits by increasing the life of the hydrotreating catalyst, reducing operating cost, and decreasing the potential amount of offspec product. In one embodiment, the hydrotreating is a hydrodesulphurization process.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer system comprises a chamber having an ion emitting unit to emit metal ions in the chamber with a communicating hole; a neutral molecule introduction unit; another gas introduction unit; a controller controlling a temperature of a region where metal ions attach to the neutral molecules; and a mass analyzer for the neutral molecules with the metal ions, wherein plotting an attachment energy of the metal ions attached to the neutral molecules in the chamber along an abscissa and the temperature of the region where the metal ions attach to the neutral molecules along an ordinate, the controller adjusts the temperature of the region so as to fall within a range obtained by excluding a range corresponding to the temperature of the region from 150 to 200° C. from a range surrounded by the temperatures of the region [° C.]=150×attachment energy [eV], 100×attachment energy [eV]?50, and 20° C., and attachment energies [eV]=2.1 and 0.5.

Abstract: The Invention is a method for quantitative analysis of a mixture of molecular compounds by two-dimensional gas chromatography having application for quantitative analysis of products from the chemical or petroleum industry. A two-dimensional gas chromatography is carried out, during which a chromatographic signal is recorded. A chromatogram in two dimensions on which chromatographic peaks form spots is generated from the signal. These spots are defined by means of polygons. Then, for each polygon, chromatographic signal portions contained between two intersections of the polygon with columns of the chromatogram are extracted. Start and end times are defined for the chromatographic peaks present in these portions and the polygon is adjusted by shifting its intersection points according to the start and end times of the chromatographic peaks. Finally, molecular compound amounts are determined by calculating the surface area of the polygons thus adjusted.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph controlled by a pair of microprocessors to have improved thermal maintenance and process operation. The microprocessors are operable to run independently of each other, with one microprocessor controlling heaters and other control devices and the other microprocessor running a graphical user interface. The two microprocessors are separated by a gas chromatograph assembly that includes one or more separation columns.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a multi-channel chromatogram is realized for accurately resolving overlapping peaks on a multi-channel chromatogram to permit analysis of the composition of a sample. First, components of overlapping peaks are specified. A data matrix Dij is determined, and compressed in the wavelength direction to obtain a data matrix vector Di. Next, the two-dimensional data is deconvoluted, final standard deviation s0 is registered, and the deconvoluted two-dimensional data is reconvoluted to a retention intensity matrix. A quantitative spectral intensity matrix is computed, components are identified, and the identified components are quantified. Subsequently, an eigenvalue problem is solved, and the number n of components is estimated. The deconvolution and computation of the eigenvalue problem are iteratively executed until the peaks are isolated. Then, elution profiles are calculated, the components are identified, and the identified components are quantified.

Abstract: A LASER based system for analysis of fluids utilizing frequency shift analysis. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid for analysis is reduced to a gaseous state so that it can be injected into an extended LASER cavity, so as to detect minute frequency shifts caused by the various gases in the cavity via sensors associated with the cavity. The present invention thereby provides stable detection system, with microprocessor-based electronics, which can be used to provide analyses of the gases, and thus the input liquids and its markers.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices, chromatography devices and integrated circuits for detecting one or more molecules and methods for forming a semiconductor device for detecting one or more molecules are presented. For example, a semiconductor device for detecting one or more molecules includes a channel formed within a semiconductor structure, and at least one detector formed within the semiconductor structure. The at least one detector detects the one or more molecules in the channel The semiconductor device may optionally comprise one or more additional channels formed within the semiconductor structure. The semiconductor device may, for example, be operative to detect a single molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniaturized gas chromatograph and injector for the same. Said micro-GC is compact and simple and economical to construct. Dead volumes are largely avoided in order to achieve reliable and reproducible measured results. Said miniaturized gas chromatograph comprises at least one injector, one separation column and a detector which are combined on a circuit board to give a gas chromatography module. The injector comprises a first sheet with channels, which is provided with a second sheet with channels and which may be displaced relative to the latter, whereby at least one of the sheets is provided with a layer of plastic, in particular a chemically inert plastic on the side of the sheet facing the other side.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a field-mounted analyzer having a graphical user interface (GUI). The analyzer has a display screen visible from the exterior of the housing. A plurality of magnetically-actuatable switches are mounted behind the display screen. The GUI has a plurality of windows that may be displayed on the display screen. Navigation through the windows is accomplished by activating switches aligned with graphical navigation icons in the windows.

Abstract: Analyzers are described that contain a detector for detecting a signal from an analyte; a heater for heating a fluid; a fluid supplier for supplying the fluid heated by the heater to the detector; and a controller for controlling the detector, the heater, and the fluid supplier. Methods for analyzing analytes are also described.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph for connection to a source of carrier gas and a source of a sample gas. The gas chromatograph includes a first bridge circuit with a sample sensor connected therein and a second bridge circuit with a reference sensor connected therein. The outputs of the bridge circuits are digitized and then subtracted from each other in a processor.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods that include providing a vessel having an inlet and an outlet for communicating a carrier gas through the vessel; determining a differential pressure between the inlet and the outlet for a known flow rate at the outlet; and, determining a unit flow per unit pressure based on a ratio of the flow rate and the differential pressure. In certain embodiments, the flow rate at the outlet is established by controlling the flow rate of the gas. In some embodiments, the methods and systems can include a viscosity in the ratio, determining a flow rate at ambient pressure using a factor based on a ratio of a gas pressure at the output and ambient pressure, and/or, determining a flow rate at ambient temperature using a factor based on a ratio of a temperature at the output and ambient temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for multidimensional gas chromatography for separating the analytes of a complex sample. The method comprises the steps of introducing the sample onto a first column whereby the sample is separated into at least two segments, introducing at least one segment into a heartcut device whereby the segments are selectively separated into at least two heartcut fractions, introducing at least one of the fractions onto a second column whereby at least one fraction is further separated into at least two analytes, introducing at least one analyte from the second column to a gas chromatography connector, introducing the analyte from the connector to a third column, and introducing the analyte from the third column into a detector whereby the analyte is analyzed and identified.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for broad spectrum chemical detection. The method includes detecting an ambient temperature and setting a target temperature based on the ambient temperature. The target temperature is a temperature greater than the ambient temperature. The method further includes determining elution data for the target temperature, either by selecting a target temperature at which elution data is available, or by interpolating between available sets of elution data. The method includes setting a preferred target temperature when an external power source is available, when faster sensor response is desired, and when higher resolution data is desired. The method further includes controlling the temperature of gas chromatography (GC) columns within a GC sensor to the target temperature.

Abstract: A chromatograph analyzing device for automatically executing a base line setting process on an unseparated peak using preset base line conditions. The chromatograph analyzing device comprises a separation unit for separating a component included in a sample, and a data processing device for identifying the component of the sample and the quantity of the component in the sample by using a chromatogram obtained from the separation.

Abstract: This invention concerns an automatic sampler (AS) associable with two or more chromatographic analysis instruments (GC1, GC2, GCn), such as gas chromatographs for example, which can be interfaced with two or more separate data systems (DS1, DS2, DSn), each operating in an independent manner.

Abstract: An HPLC column holding apparatus used to mount an HPLC column in one of a plurality of positions is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a clip-device interface that secures the apparatus to a platform and a clip-column interface that secures the HPLC column to the apparatus.

Abstract: A device for reproducing information on a vehicle is provided, wherein a portable transponder unit is part of a keyless access and/or travel authorization system, transmitting a code to a control device, which is arranged in the vehicle, via a transceiver. A display, gas sensor and analysis device are located in the transponder device, the analysis device controlling the display so as to output a warning signal if the measured concentration of gas exceeds a critical threshold.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to optimize the analysis of substances separated by gas chromatography with a gas chromatograph, comprising a separating device and a mass spectrometer situated down there from. To this end, a detector that detects the separated substances in a nondestructive manner is placed in-line between the output of the separating device and a controllable inlet valve of the mass spectrometer. An evaluating device situated down from the detector evaluates the detector signals and, based on the evaluation, controls the inlet valve for introducing predeterminable substances into the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooling a chromatographic column is disclosed generally, comprising heating a chromatographic column, supplying fluid into the column via the inlet end of the column at an inlet pressure, decreasing the temperature of the column, thereby causing the fluid in the column to contract, and controlling the fluid in the column such that the rate at which the fluid in the column contracts does not exceed the flow rate of the fluid supplied to the column. In certain embodiments, the rate of change of the volume of the fluid in the column as the column temperature decreases is modeled, and the rate of contraction of the gas in the column is estimated therefrom. In some embodiments, the column temperature and/or inlet pressure are controlled by a programmable chromatographic oven.

Abstract: A System and Method of Molecule Counting Using Fluctuation Enhanced Sensors includes processes for improved chemical analyte detection and quantification through the measurement and generation of an amplitude density histogram of the measured time series of frequency fluctuations in the instantaneous frequency of a chemical sensor arranged to produce an oscillatory output signal when exposed to chemical substances. The system and method may use a chemical sensor, such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. Statistical analysis produces the amplitude density of the frequency fluctuations, which are represented as a pattern that includes information about the quantity of the analyte on the surface of the sensor. Patterns in the measured amplitude density are then correlated to theoretical amplitude density functions in order to determine the number of analyte molecules on the surface of the sensor.