Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for monitoring total mercury within a gas sample in a substantially continuous manner and for calibrating for both elemental and oxidized mercury. A converter of the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) receives a gas sample containing vaporized mercury from a probe. The converter converts oxidized mercury present within the gas sample into an elemental mercury component and an oxidizing component using thermal cracking. The converter also reduces the pressure of the gas sample to minimize recombination of the elemental mercury component with the oxidizing components. A mercury analyzer of the system receives the reduced pressure gas sample from the converter and detects the fluorescence of the elemental mercury within the sample.

Abstract: A modular system for monitoring a hydrogen-cooled generator includes a skid having a platform, a support attachable to said platform and attachable to a plurality of modules for monitoring the hydrogen-cooled generator, and at least one module for monitoring the hydrogen-cooled generator. The module may include a vibration monitoring module. The monitoring modules may allow monitoring the operation of the hydrogen-cooled generator and generating data such as an optimization factor regarding the performance of the hydrogen-cooled generator. The module may be connected via a communications link to a remote control center.

Abstract: Provided is a rosuvastatin triol and its use as a reference standard for analysis of rosuvastatin. Also provided are methods for preparation of rosuvastatin.

Abstract: Method for supplying a high purity gas product comprising providing a first gas stream including a major component and at least one impurity component, determining the concentration of the at least one impurity component, and comparing the concentration so determined with a reference concentration for that component. When the value of the concentration so determined is less than or equal to the reference concentration, the first gas stream is utilized to provide the high purity gas product. When the value of the concentration so determined is greater than the reference concentration, a second gas stream comprising the major component is provided and the first and second gas streams are mixed to yield a mixed gas stream having a concentration of the at least one impurity component that is less than the reference concentration. The mixed gas stream is utilized to provide the high purity gas product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for sampling a gas flow to measure one or more contaminants within a semiconductor processing tool. The system includes a portable unit containing one or more dry traps, Tenax traps and, if desired, wet impingers. The unit is coupled to a gas flow in a clean room and the dry traps. Tenax traps and wet impingers measure contaminants contained in the gas supply for a determined sampling interval. When the sampling interval is done, the unit is sent to an analysis facility for processing.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for controlling an environment within a container having at least one material type. An inert gas is introduced into the container to displace any harmful atmospheric components that may be present in the container, which could react with the solid material in the container. The displaced harmful atmospheric components are expelled from the container to a measuring device which identifies the concentration of the expelled components. The amount of inert gas being introduced into the container may be controlled in response to the measured results.

Abstract: A contamination control apparatus includes at least two pipes connected by a joint portion and configured to allow a processing fluid to flow therethrough, and a cover configured to enclose the joint portion and to provide an enclosed cavity between the cover and the joint portion. An inlet port is connected to the cover and configured to supply a gas to the cavity. An outlet port is connected to the cover and configured to exhaust the gas and a contaminant from the cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sorbent collector material based on polyorganosiloxane for the microextraction of substances to be analysed, the collector material having an open-cell foam structure, and to a collector and a liner which include this collector material.

Abstract: Air sampler with integrated airflow sensing. The air sampler according to at least some embodiments includes an air mover that is operable to move air over a sampling media. An integrated airflow sensor is in fluid communication with the air mover. The air mover operating speed can be adjusted, in example embodiments, by either a feedback control mechanism that is connected to the air mover and the integrated airflow sensor, by user input, or by a combination of the two. The feedback control mechanism adjusts the operating speed of the air mover in response to signaling from the integrated airflow sensor in order to maintain an actual airflow in accordance with a stored, target value. The feedback can, in at least some embodiments, compensate for obstructions, environmental variables, variations in the power supplied to the air mover, and the like.

Abstract: A system for testing devices for detecting airborne particulate matter generates a first airflow and a second airflow. The second airflow is filtered to remove ambient airborne particulate matter from the second airflow, and particulate matter to be detected is aerosolized and introduced into the second airflow. The second airflow is sampled by an optical particle counter to determine an amount of particulate matter released into the second airflow. The first and second airflows are combined, and the combined airflows are sampled by one or more detecting devices to be tested. Detection results of the tested detecting devices are compared with the amount of particulate matter released into the second airflow as determined by the optical particle counter to assess the accuracy and functionality of the detecting devices.

Abstract: A method and system for isolating, transferring and testing potentially contaminated mail pieces. The mail pieces are encapsulated in a sealed package at one location and transferred to another location for testing. During testing, the sealed package is connected to an air sampling system, which directly draws an air sample from the sealed package. At the end of testing, the air pressure in the sealed package is sufficiently reduced, causing the sealed bag to collapse. A septum or a tube with a self-sealed coupler is provided on the sealed package to allow the air sampling system to draw air out of the sealed package. When the air sampling system is not connected to the sealed package, the septum or the self-sealed coupler prevents the air inside the sealed package from escaping into the environment. It is advantageous to disturb the mail pieces during air sampling.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of substances (particularly particulate substances) within mail pieces, specifically letters and other “flats” of mail. In particular, the systems and methods are for the detection of residues of Chemical or Biological Warfare Agents (CBWAs) which may be present within the mail pieces. The system is principally designed to be included as part of Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS) for the collection and detection of the residue when the contaminated mail piece first enters a mail facility and before it is intermingled with other mail pieces. The system also utilizes aerosol chambers using at least two arrays of pinch rollers to provide for decreased incremental changes on mail pieces and decrease the likelihood of mail piece damage.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of substances (particularly particulate substances) within mail pieces, specifically letters and other “flats” of mail. In particular, the systems and methods are for the detection of residues of Chemical or Biological Warfare Agents (CBWAs) which may be present within the mail pieces. The system is principally designed to be included as part of Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS) for the collection and detection of the residue when the contaminated mail piece first enters a mail facility and before it is intermingled with other mail pieces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for continuous real-time monitoring of ambient air. The device includes a receptacle, a liquid supply, and a pressure balancing system. The receptacle includes a gas inlet slit located such that the gas inlet slit is covered by liquid within the receptacle during use. The pressure balancing portion of the present device includes communication between a point within the receptacle above the liquid level in the receptacle, as well as a liquid inlet portion at the lowermost end of the receptacle, and an air space above a liquid supply portion and the liquid supply portion itself, respectively.

Abstract: A chemical analysis method for detecting, identifying and reporting contraband, illegal drugs, explosives, toxic chemicals, decaying animal and vegetable matter, and concealed human beings located in secure spaces such as cargo shipping containers. Chemical analysis results are accumulated and added to effect definitive analyses over extended periods of time while the containers are in transit. Individual containers are equipped with a device employing the method. The analysis method consists of accumulation and addition of analytical chemical instrumentation, measurements of trace quantities of target chemical vapors inside of shipping containers while the containers are in transit.

Abstract: A sampling system that contains filter components for collecting and concentrating vapor and particles in high-volume flows. The sample is then vaporized and delivered to a detector at a low-volume flow. The invention also has a sampling probe that contains an air-jet to help dislodge particles from surfaces and a heating lamp to help vaporize compounds on surfaces or objects. The sampling system is especially useful for screening for explosives and other illicit chemicals and toxins on people, baggage, cargo, and other objects.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a refrigerator for storing foods at a low temperature. An avatar refrigerator and a method for sensing contamination of the same receive measurement values from various sensors installed around the refrigerator in a contamination sensing mode, decide kinds and degrees of contamination in each position by analyzing the measurement values of the sensors by a control means, decide contamination solving methods, and display the kinds and degrees of contamination in each position and the contamination solving methods through a display means formed at the refrigerator door side with avatars. As a result, the avatar refrigerator and the method for sensing contamination of the same maintain the clean air environment and improve health by notifying the air contamination in the peripheral regions of the refrigerator installed at the center of the residential space and the contamination solving methods as well as freshly maintain the foods by storing the foods at a low temperature.

Abstract: A non-contact, extractive sampling system and method is provided for measuring the exhaust gas composition and fine particle composition of exhaust emissions of various types of vehicles under actual operating conditions. A portion (or sample) of an exhaust plume of a vehicle is pulled or extracted through an extraction sampling tube, via a vacuum pump, to a remote trace gas detection system where the concentration of one or more constituents present in the sample of exhaust plume may be measured. In this regard, the invention enables vehicle emissions measurements to be made at a location remote from roadway, rather than using known, “cross-path” remote emissions sensing systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing products using a fluid, which enables one to control the quality of the fluid from the point of production to the point of use, monitored on a microbiological, physical, and chemical basis. At least one sensor for the acquisition of purity information and a system for storing such purity information is included.

Abstract: A gas sensor assembly detects a constituent in a gaseous stream. The assembly comprises: (a) a mounting surface, (b) a sensor mounted on the mounting surface and sensor capable of generating a detectable signal in the presence of the constituent, and (c) an enclosing structure. The enclosing structure comprises: (i) a walled component having a pair of vertically spaced ends and mounted at one end on the mounting surface so as to circumscribe the sensor, and (ii) a gas-permeable membrane attached at the other end of the walled component, thereby defining an interior volume within said enclosing structure. Flowing the gaseous stream across the membrane infuses a portion of the gaseous stream into said interior volume containing the sensor.

Abstract: A flow-through monitor for detecting molecular contamination (MC) within a fluid flow. The monitor has a diffusion chamber having an inlet port and an outlet port, and a structure for supporting a fluid flow from the inlet port to the outlet port. The structure includes a flow gap causing a diffusion of molecular contaminants into the diffusion chamber, while substantially preventing, for a rate of the fluid flow above a predetermined magnitude, particulate contaminants within the fluid from entering the diffusion chamber. A SAW device detects molecular contamination interior to the diffusion chamber. Fluid input to the flow-through monitor may be diluted by a pure fluid for extended monitor life. A system for aggregate sampling connects an ensemble manifold upstream of the flow-through monitor. A system for triggered sampling connects a sample preconcentrator downstream of the flow-through monitor. A chemically selective membrane may be located between the flow gap and the SAW.

Abstract: Screening of items for the presence of contaminants, such as explosives residue, is accomplished by subjecting an item loaded into a pressure chamber to a pressure substantially in excess of atmospheric pressure conditions and rapidly decompressing the item to the ambient atmospheric pressure. The rapid decompression serves to scavenge vapors and particles from the exterior and interior of the item and any objects it contains. A sample of the vapors and particles removed from the item by the rapid decompression is sampled and is tested to determine whether a predetermined contaminant is present in the sample. Depending on the types of contaminants for which the sample is tested, it is possible to detect whether explosives, biological or chemical agents, and/or narcotics residues are present on or in the item being screened.

Abstract: A residual life indicating system for a filter includes a main filter, a sampling filter, and a sensor. Both the main filter and the sampling filter receive an ambient gas meant to be filtered. The sensor connects to the sampling filter and senses the presence of a predetermined chemical in the gas that has been filtered by the sampling filter.

Abstract: A mail tub in the form of a substantially rigid container and a removable lid which seals the container. The container includes an air inlet port and an air outlet port for sampling air in the mail tub for possible biological contamination, such as anthrax. The container includes structure along the bottom and walls to prevent mail from contacting the walls and bottom. Such structure, in one embodiment, may include raised standoffs along the bottom of the container and channels along the walls to facilitate airflow efficiency through the mail tub when the lid is attached and an air pressure source is applied to the one of the ports. Air samples of the sealed container air are collected for contamination analysis.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for detecting concealed security threats by sampling molecules of substances for assessment wherein these molecules may be contained in the air in or near concealed security threats. Inspection of cargo containers by sampling the air contained therein and then analyzing the sampled air from the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-explosive threats without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. Nuclear security threats may also be scanned for with close proximity nuclear radiation detection sensors closely coupled to areas at or near the concealed security threats. In addition, detection of other types of contraband, including illegal substances, embargoed materials and human and/or animal stowaways may also be assessed.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring fluid flow rate in a system where fluid is pumped, such as a gas monitoring instrument where gas is pumped from a space such as a room or enclosure through a conduit to a sensor. The flow of gas through a pump is determined by measuring motor back-e.m.f. which is proportional to motor speed. In a system where motor speed is regulated by pulse width modulation of the motor drive voltage, the back-e.m.f. is sampled during intervals between the drive pulses applied to the motor, and in a further aspect the sampling is done at selected, spaced-apart or infrequent intervals such as once for every ten or once for every hundred motor drive pulses. Advantageously, in an instrument that uses a microprocessor and analog-to-digital converter to measure gas-concentration, the same microprocessor and converter can provide the PWM control of the pump, in response to the back-e.m.f. generated by the pump motor between the drive pulses.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of substances (particularly particulate substances) within mail pieces, specifically letters and other “flats” of mail. In particular, the systems and methods are for the detection of residues of Chemical or Biological Warfare Agents (CBWAs) which may be present within the mail pieces. The system is principally designed to be included as part of Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS) for the collection and detection of the residue when the contaminated mail piece first enters a mail facility and before it is intermingled with other mail pieces. The system also utilizes aerosol chambers using at least two arrays of pinch rollers to provide for decreased incremental changes on mail pieces and decrease the likelihood of mail piece damage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the analysis of particles in an aerosol includes providing an inlet for the aerosol, a sample collector which accumulates particles passing through the inlet, a sample conditioning system which can vary at least one condition relating to the collected sample, a controller which causes the sample conditioning system to operate at select conditions, a measuring device for determining at least one parameter relating to the accumulated particles. The controller monitors the parameter while the condition is varied.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus and methods allow collection of concentrated samples of content in shipping packages without unsealing the package by forcing airflow via existing hidden gaps or, if necessary, creating one by a small incision. The air is injected into the hidden gaps by either probe or socket device to disturb and agitate contents inside the package, causing the contents to loosen and blending particulates on the surface into the air stream. Airborne particles are channeled into a detection device, where the particulates are concentrated. Display and warning apparatus receive and record the analysis results from the detection device. If the analysis finds that predetermined selection and sensitivity criteria for target hazard or contraband material are met, then the warning apparatus initiates the appropriate alert protocols.

Abstract: A sniffing leak detector includes a handpiece, supporting a sniffing tip, the detector further including a gas sensor. To promote longer life and obtaining more accurate results, the leak detector is equipped with an acceleration sensor for recording the movements of the handpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for particle collection (30) that is characterized by co-aerosolizing fluids (62) into an air stream (34) containing the particles to be analyzed to significantly enhance their collection and identification efficiency is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring air quality is provided.

Abstract: A system and method for accessing the security threat of a cargo container by sampling the air contained therein. The system is capable of analyzing the air disposed within the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosive threats, as well as other types of contraband such as illegal substances, embargoed material or stowaways, without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. The system generally includes a detection system comprising a detector array, an air-moving device, and one or more air-sampling devices. The entire system is mounted upon a vehicle for mobility.

Abstract: The invention provides an explosion-proof portable gas detector that is easy to be fabricated as a small-sized one handy to carry and high in convenience for use, and has explosion-proofness sufficient in a countermeasure against static electricity and high in reliability. The explosion-proof portable gas detector has at least gas sensors, a signal processing circuit, a display mechanism and a power source part within a housing in the form of a slim and flat box holdable by grasping with a hand. The whole or a part of the housing is formed of a static charge-controlling resin material having an insulating resistance value of at most 1 G? and a comparative tracking index of at least 90 V.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of substances (particularly particulate substances) within mail pieces, specifically letters and other “flats” of mail. In particular, the systems and methods are for the detection of residues of Chemical or Biological Warfare Agents (CBWAs) which may be present within the mail pieces. The system is principally designed to be included as part of Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS) for the collection and detection of the residue when the contaminated mail piece first enters a mail facility and before it is intermingled with other mail pieces.

Abstract: This apparatus and method allows collection concentrated sample of content in shipping packages without unsealing the package by forcing airflow via existing hidden gaps or, if necessary, creating one by a small incision. The air is injected into the hidden gaps by either probe or socket device to disturb and agitate contents inside the package, causing the contents to loosen and blend particulates on the surface into the air stream. Airborne particles are channeled into detection device, where the particulates are concentrated. Display and warning apparatus receives and records the analysis results from detection device. If the analysis finds that predetermined selection and sensitivity criteria for target hazard or contraband is met, then the warning apparatus initiates appropriate alert protocols.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating compressed air from a rail yard compressed air supply pipeline leading from a central air compressor to outlets at remote locations in a rail yard prior to charging air brake lines of trains with compressed air from the pipeline to prevent contaminants such as moisture, entrained atomized oil and/or particulates such as rust from getting into the air brake line of the train. The apparatus includes an air line, an air inlet connector at one end of the air line, an outlet connector at the other end of the air line, and at least one separator device interposed in the air line between the inlet connector and the outlet connector for separating contaminants from a stream of compressed air passing through the apparatus.

Abstract: A particle measurement configuration measures the particle concentration in a liquid or gaseous medium by way of a particle measuring instrument. In order to avoid erroneous measurements or damage to the particle measuring instrument, a measuring cell is provided which measures temperature or pressure or pH of the medium. A system controller shuts off a valve if threshold values are exceeded and it prevents the particle measuring instrument from being operated outside a predefined specification.

Abstract: A dust collection apparatus includes a container and a suction pump that sucks dust and transports it into the container. A filter is provided on a side surface of the container. This filter passes air but prevents passage of the dust in the container. A pressure detector detects an internal pressure of the container. The internal pressure of the container fluctuates due to a variation in an effective area of the filter for allowing the air to pass according to the dust collected and accumulated in the container. A dust accumulating quantity calculator which determines a quantity of the dust in the container based on the pressure detected.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring fluid flow rate in a system where fluid is pumped, such as a gas monitoring instrument where gas is pumped from a space such as a room or enclosure through a conduit to a sensor. The flow of gas through a pump is determined by measuring motor back-e.m.f. which is proportional to motor speed. In a system where motor speed is regulated by pulse width modulation of the motor drive voltage, the back-e.m.f. is sampled during intervals between the drive pulses applied to the motor, and in a further aspect the sampling is done at selected, spaced-apart or infrequent intervals such as once for every ten or once for every hundred motor drive pulses. Advantageously, in an instrument that uses a microprocessor and analog-to-digital converter to measure gas-concentration, the same microprocessor and converter can provide the PWM control of the pump, in response to the back-e.m.f. generated by the pump motor between the drive pulses.

Abstract: A modular system for monitoring a hydrogen-cooled generator includes a skid having a platform and an upwardly extending support. The support is attachable to a hydrogen gas purity monitoring module, a generator overheat monitoring module, a hydrogen gas dryer module, a gas/generator monitoring module, and a gas manifold. The gas/generator monitoring module allows monitoring the operation of the hydrogen-cooled generator and generating data regarding the performance of the hydrogen-cooled generator. The gas/generator monitoring module may display an optimization factor or data regarding the performance of the hydrogen-cooled generator, and/or may be connected via a communications link to a remote control center.

Abstract: A molecular contamination monitor for monitoring molecular contamination on a surface of a subject surface susceptible to degradation by a molecular contaminant. The monitor includes a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device having a SAW measurement surface coated with a material that is equivalent to the subject material with respect to spontaneous contamination by a contaminant. In the preferred embodiment, the coating comprises the same material as the subject surface or a material that interacts chemically with the contaminant in an equivalent manner to the subject surface. Exemplary coatings include: photoresist, copper, silver, gold, platinum, titanium, tungsten, aluminum, nickel, metal oxides, stearic acid, silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, germanium, silicon germanium, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and glass. Exemplary coating methods include sputtering, CVD, ALD and misted deposition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the detection of substances (particularly particulate substances) within mail pieces, specifically letters and other “flats” of mail. In particular, the systems and methods are for the detection of residues of Chemical or Biological Warfare Agents (CBWAs) which may be present within the mail pieces. The system is principally designed to be included as part of Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS) for the collection and detection of the residue when the contaminated mail piece first enters a mail facility and before it is intermingled with other mail pieces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring air quality is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for adsorbing surface-active compounds, such as corrosion inhibitors and water, from pressurized gas streams utilizing existing gas pipeline sampling valves. The apparatus includes an adsorption trap assembly containing an adsorption material packing, such as silica gel, fixedly positioned to selectively adsorb any surface-active compound(s)or water in the gas stream passing through the trap. After sampling, the adsorption material packing is removed and treated to desorb any entrained compound(s) for recovery, testing and identification. The method and apparatus have particular utility in determining the presence of corrosion inhibitors that have been added to petroleum pipelines upstream of the sampling point(s).

Abstract: Screening of items for the presence of contaminants, such as explosives residue, is accomplished by subjecting an item loaded into a pressure chamber to a pressure substantially in excess of atmospheric pressure conditions and rapidly decompressing the item to the ambient atmospheric pressure. The rapid decompression serves to scavenge vapors and particles from the exterior and interior of the item and any objects it contains. A sample of the vapors and particles removed from the item by the rapid decompression is sampled and is tested to determine whether a predetermined contaminant is present in the sample. Depending on the types of contaminants for which the sample is tested, it is possible to detect whether explosives, biological or chemical agents, and/or narcotics residues are present on or in the item being screened.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for detecting an impurity in a sample where an index can be calculated to assess purity in the presence of n major components with signal averaging or noise-filtering automatically built-in. The method and apparatus can be applied to liquid chromatography impurity detection using UV-VIS spectrophotometry based on robust matrix algebra representing the entire spectral space generated by the sample.

Abstract: A contaminant detection system for mail is provided. A tray of mailpieces is transported along a transport path into a chamber that has a negative pressure maintained by a vacuum system. The tray of mail enters the chamber and is quickly decelerated, such as, for example, by hitting a stop. The quick deceleration compresses the mailpieces in the tray, thereby ejecting air, dust and other particles from the mailpieces into the surrounding environment inside of the chamber. The vacuum system draws the ejected air, dust and other particles into a sampling system that monitors for the presence of a possible biohazard. If any type of contaminant is found in the ejected air, dust and other particles, the tray can be held for further investigation of the mailpieces. If no contaminants are detected, the tray is accepted and the mailpieces are further processed.

Abstract: Passive and active methods for anticipating problems with electrical wiring are provided. An insulative material in contact with an electrical conductor has at least one impurity that is impregnated in the insulative material and/or disposed thereon. An environment around the electrical conductor is monitored for the presence or the level of the impurity(ies) emanating from the insulative material in the form of a gaseous effluent. An alarm signal is generated when a predetermined level of the gaseous effluent is detected.

Abstract: A system for the collection of near real time confirmation samples is provided to quickly eliminate false positive alarms by confirming the presence or absence of a chemical agent when a monitor operating in near real time to detect the presence of that chemical agent generates an alarm. The confirmation sampling system is synchronized with the near real time monitor and the confirmation sampler and monitor draw common samples of the atmosphere of concern. In the event that the monitor generates an alarm, the confirmation sampler preserves the sample taken contemporaneously with the alarm event for separate analysis, and also takes and preserves one or more follow-on samples.