Abstract: An inertial sensing system includes a geometric structure having several independent mechanically resonant modes of vibration such that when the structure is subjected to outside inertial motions that are to be sensed, a driven mode of vibration will couple energy in a specific manner into a pickup mode. The driven mode serves as a reference motion. The system measures angular rotation rate by sensing the vibrations in the pickup mode caused by the action of the Coriolis effect on the balanced driven mode which couples energy into the pickup mode. The system includes a portion of the geometric structure that is subject to strain caused by linear acceleration in one direction. The strain introduces an imbalance in the driven mode which causes energy to be coupled to the pickup mode of vibration in a nominally linear manner. A sensing circuit is provided to sense the amount of energy coupled into the pickup system as a measure of applied angular rotation and applied acceleration.

Abstract: The apparatus for determining coordinates is used as a pointing device or a mouse device in a personal computer system. The present apparatus comprises plural speed sensors and an operating means such as a CPU. When the speed sensors are moved by an operator, each of the speed sensors detects each of accelerations thereof in predetermined axis directions. The detected accelerations of the speed sensors are converted into moving distances representative of the coordinates through a calculation of the operating means. By only holding and moving the present apparatus by an operator, it is possible to input the coordinates with ease and with accuracy because there is no need to provide a heavy metal ball of the conventional mechanical mouse device and a transparent board of the conventional optical mouse device.

Abstract: An acceleration measuring system, mountable on the body of a vehicle of the type having a suspension system which permits the vehicle to pitch and roll with respect to the surface over which the vehicle travels, determines and displays the lateral and forward acceleration of the vehicle in the plane of the surface. The system includes an acceleration transducer arrangement which provides indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward, and vertical directions. A programmed microprocessor transforms these indications of acceleration to a coordinate system in which two axes are parallel to the surface. A display provides a visual display of acceleration in the two axes.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for increasing the resolution of angular rate of rotation and linear acceleration of a body with respect to three orthogonal axes. Three pairs of accelerometers (10, 12; 14, 16; and 18, 20) are arranged with their sensitive axes antiparallel to each other, and each pair is vibrated back and forth along one of the orthogonal axes. The signals output from the accelerometers are processed to determine S.sub.rate and S.sub.vel for each of the rate axes as a function of the sum and differences of the signals produced by each of the accelerometers. The value of S.sub.vel for each axis is used by a microprocessor (82) to produce a signal equal to an incremental change in velocity for each axis. The incremental change in velocity is then used in conjunction with errors estimated from previous fractional portions of the dither period for each pair of accelerometers to calculate the rate of rotation of the body about each of the axes as a function fo the values for S.sub.rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for processing signals supplied by accelerometer assemblies in which one or more accelerometers are cyclically displaced in a predetermined manner so that signals representing the specific force experienced by the accelerometers and the angular rate experienced by the accelerometers are produced. The signal processor separately estimates the signal components of the signal being processed and provides an error signal by subtracting the estimated signal components from the signal being processed. The error signal is fed back through circuitry that controls the magnitude of the estimated signal components so that the value of each estimated signal component rapidly converges to the value of the signal components of the signal being processed.

Abstract: In strip casting, a melt is pressed between a travelling belt and a casting drum rotating along with the belt. A method and device for measuring the speed difference between the speed of the belt and the peripheral speed of the drum involves providing the belt on one side with a pattern of alternately darker and lighter stripes. Around the periphery of the casting drum there is arranged a number of measuring zones, each having the same width as that of the stripes. Each measuring zone includes a transducer built up of a number of photocells which, via optical conductors opening out to the measuring zones, can be activated by the stripes. When, during a casting operation, a measuring zone has arrived at a given measuring region, the number of activated photocells is read. The same procedure is repeated when the same transducer arrives at the end of the measuring region.

Abstract: A three axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) is shown with three pairs of accelerometers mounted upon a platform that is rotated about a single axis perpendicular to the plane of the platform. Each pair of accelerometers is mounted in parallel, at an angle to the platform and to the single axis and at the same distance from the axis. The rotational motion may be either an oscillation about a dither axis or spinning about a spin axis.

Abstract: A Coriolis rate sensor for determining both angular rate and linear acceleration with respect to three orthogonal axes. A first embodiment of the rate sensor (10) includes three pairs of accelerometers (26, 28, and 30) mounted on counter-rotating frame members (20, 22). The accelerometers are mounted with their sensitive axes antiparallel with each other, forming an acute angle with the common axis (40) about which the upper and lower frame members are counter-rotated back and forth in a dither motion. The upper and lower frame members are connected to a baseplate (12) by flex links (32), which are aligned radially about the axis. The flex links provide a relatively rigid support (in compression) between the frame members and the centrally disposed baseplate, yet readily permit counter-rotation of the two frame members. A link (56) prevents all but relative rotational movement between the frame members and baseplate.

Abstract: A system determines the movement of a track vehicle along the ground, the track vehicle having at least a first rotatable, endless track for supporting the vehicle on the ground, a drive for causing the movement of the vehicle, and a turning system for changing the direction of the movement of the vehicle. The system has a first traction-improvement device for mounting on the track vehicle. It bears on an inner-surface side of the first track with sufficient pressure for a small-surface portion on the opposite side of the first track to engage the ground with a higher pressure than any other portion of the first track, whereby to locate a pivoting axis of the track vehicle in the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: A motor vehicle which is more particularly adapted for stop and go traffic conditions such as a city omnibus plying on a regular service, a garbage collection vehicle or the like has a drive arrangement including a driven rear axle connected with an IC engine and a variable speed transmission, is fitted with a braking energy recovery means in the form of a self-contained system which is only connected with the variable speed transmission for charging and discharging of a high pressure accumulator. This coupling operation is performed by a clutch operated in accordance with certain operating conditions. One side of the clutch is joined to a secondary output of the variable speed transmission and the other side is connected with the drive shaft of a hydraulic transducer, of which only one is required.

Abstract: A Coriolis rate sensor comprising first and second accelerometers mounted with their force sensing axes parallel to a common sensing axis. The accelerometers are vibrated along arcs in response to a periodic drive signal at a first frequency, each arc being tangent to a vibration axis normal to the sensing axis. The accelerometer output signals are demodulated to determine angular rate, as well as to detect the phase shift between the drive signal and the periodic compounds of the output signals. In one arrangement, the detected phase shifts are used to drive a phase servo that tends to reduce the bias error caused by interaction between the phase shifts and misalignments of the accelerometers with respect to the sensing axis. In another arrangement, the phase shifts are used to calculate a bias term for correcting the measured angular rate. A single accelerometer embodiment is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for the automatic release of passenger protection devices in motor vehicles in the event of an accident has a sensor (35) having a mass (10) secured outside the center of mass (11). This mass (10) generates a comparably high torque in the suspension in the event of both positional change and rotational acceleration. These torques are detected with known measuring methods and split, with the aid of a high-pass filter (36) and a low-pass filter (40), into a high-frequency and a low-frequency portion. The high frequency portion corresponds to the rotational acceleration, from which the rotational velocity is obtained by means of an integrator (38). The low-frequency portion corresponds to the position of the motor vehicle. Thus both measurement variables that must be detected for releasing a roll bar are obtained with a single sensor (35).

Abstract: Disclosed is an inertial navigation borehole survey system wherein the signals supplied by accelerometers (40) that are contained within the borehole survey system probe (10) are corrected for gravitational gradients encountered as the probe (10) travels through a borehole (12). The gravity correction is effected in the survey system signal processor (24) and is based on a gravity gradient signal that mathematically corresponds to: ##EQU1## where f represents the specific force due to gravity; f.sub.o represents the specific force of gravity at wellhead (20) of borehole (12); R.sub.o represents the average radius of the earth; .rho.(H) represents the local density of the geological formation penetrated by the borehole as a function of depth H; and .rho..sub.ave represents the means density of the earth. In utilizing the gravitational gradient to generate a gravity correction signal, the signal processor (24) effects a summation process that mathematically corresponds to: ##EQU2## where (.DELTA.H).sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing signals indicative of both a Coriolis rate and an acceleration along a preferred axis while decoupling extraneous vibration and motion that would introduce errors into the signals, and a driving mechanism for vibrating the apparatus at a dither frequency. The apparatus includes a parallelogram frame (50) including two accelerometer support surfaces (24, 26) on which are mounted two accelerometers (20 and 22) having their sensitive axes in parallel alignment. The accelerometer support surfaces are connected to opposite ends of a flex member (52), which includes six flexures (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42) having parallel bending axes. Two of the flexures (34, 38) are disposed at opposite ends of one side of each flexure member, and have a "long" axis that is substantially parallel to the sensitive axes of the accelerometers and aligned with a line connecting their centers of percussion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a dynamic effect applied to a vibrating beam accelerometer. The apparatus analyzes a pair of frequencies related to natural frequency as a function of a force applied to a vibrating beam accelerometer producing f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 ; (f.sub.1.sup.2 -f.sub.2.sup.

Abstract: The specification discloses an angular velocity and acceleration sensor in which a tuning-fork oscillator is vibrated on the main driven vibrating axis and displacement on an axis which is parallel to the main driven vibrating axis or displacement which crosses it at right angles is detected so that at least one of angular velocity and acceleration on an axis which is parallel to the main driven vibrating axis or which crosses it at right angles may be detected. The sensor is characterized in that vibrating reeds of the tuning-fork oscillator are so formed that the spring constant of the vibrating reeds on the main driven vibrating axis is substantially equal to that on the axis which crosses the main driven vibrating axis at right angles.

Abstract: A vibrating multisensor, each using two accelerometers which are vibrated along straight lines perpendicular to their sensing axes. The sensing axes are co-linear, the accelerometers are vibrated in phase opposition along parallel axes. The accelerometers preferably use a proof mass and flexure suspension made on a silicon wafer sandwiched between two other wafers that carry electrodes both for sensing displacement and forcing of the central accelerometer wafer.

Abstract: A vibrating multisensor, each using two accelerometers which are vibrated along straight lines perpendicular to their sensing axes. In one embodiment, the sensing axes are co-linear, and in another embodiment the sensing axes are perpendicular. The accelerometers preferably use a proof mass and flexure suspension made on a silicon wafer sandwiched between two other wafers that carry electrodes both for sensing displacement and forcing of the central accelerometer wafer.

Abstract: In a multisensor assembly for detecting angular rates and linear accelerations, a diamond-shaped piezoelectric crystal beam is used to restrain a gyroscopic element to a base of the multisensor assembly. The diamond-shaped piezoelectric crystal is fixed to both the gyroscopic element and the base of the assembly by means of wires in an orientation orthogonal to the hinge axis and the spin axis of the assembly. This allows the piezoelectric crystal to experience only one degree of freedom. To improve the accuracy of the output electrical signal, oblong electrodes are placed on opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric crystal beam.

Abstract: A system for determining angular rate of rotation of a body about a rate axis. In one arrangement, the system comprises first (10) and second (12) accelerometers, movement apparatus and processor. The first and second accelerometers have their sensitive axes (16, 18) parallel to a sensing axis that is in turn perpendicular to the rate axis. The first and second accelerometers produce first and second output signals (a.sub.1, a.sub.2), each output signal having a frequency corresponding to the acceleration experienced by the respective accelerometer along its sensitive axis. The movement apparatus includes a generator (68) for producing a periodic movement signal and a mounting system (14) responsive to the movement signal for periodically moving the accelerometers along a movement axis perpendicular to the rate and sensing axes, such that each output signal includes a periodic Coriolis component.

Abstract: An inertial measurement unit which provides three axis acceleration and angular turning rate detection with a cubical magnetically suspended sensor mass disposed within a cubical outer assembly. The sensor mass is free to move mechanically independent from the outer assembly. The sensor mass has a plurality of sensing and suspension elements of particular orientation on a selected plane for each axis of detection which face a corresponding set of sensing and suspension elements respectively on interior surfaces of said outer assembly. The sensing elements are advantageously cross-coupled to minimize cross-axis sensitivity. The invention utilizes several servo-control loops of conventional design to process outputs from the pickoffs and maintain the sensor mass in proper orientation.

Abstract: Liquid bearing two degree of freedom inertial sensor apparatus is disclosed. A single liquid bearing sensor is configured in a two degree of freedom rate gyro mode, or two of the liquid bearing sensors are made pendulous along their spin axes and configured in a two degree of freedom rate gyro and accelerometer mode.

Abstract: An angular rate sensor comprising a pair of accelerometers that includes means for continuously nulling error signals resulting from misalignment of the accelerometers. The first accelerometer (10) has a first force sensing axis and produces a first output signal (a.sub.1) indicating acceleration along the first force sensing axis. The second accelerometer (12) has a second force sensing axis and produces a second output signal (a.sub.2) indicating acceleration along the second force sensing axis. The accelerometers are mounted by mounting means such that their force sensing axes are both parallel to a common sensing axis and such that the accelerometers can be moved along a vibration axis normal to the sensing axis. A signal generator (76) produces a periodic deive signal having a predetermined frequency, and drive means (80, 82, 84) connected to the mounting means is responsive to the drive signal for vibrating the first and second accelerometers along the vibration axis at the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A navigation sensor, including a gyroscopic element, which has a spin axis, and which has flexure hinge for resiliently mounting the element on a base, and a torque sensing assembly, which has a first piezoelectric beam that is mounted in coaxial relation to the spin axis, and which has a first beam restraining member that mounts a first edge portion of the first piezoelectric beam, and which has a second beam restraining member that mounts an opposite edge portion of the first piezoelectric beam. The first piezoelectric beam is adapted to generate an electrical signal proportional to the angular velocity of the navigation sensor about an axis perpendicular to the spin axis.

Abstract: An accelerometer system (FIG. 2) suitable for measuring low-frequency accelerations in inertial systems is also able to measure high-frequency vibrational accelerations which give rise to e.g. sculling effects in inertial platform arrangements employing three such accelerometer systems. The system comprises a low-frequency inertial quality force feedback accelerometer 10' and a high-frequency, e.g. piezo-electric, accelerometer 46. The output of h.f. accelerometer 46 is summed at 48 with the feedback signal from transducer 32' in the l.f. accelerometer feedback loop, the faster response of the h.f. accelerometer providing most of the feedback to balance the l.f. loop without significant displacement of mass 11'. Up to several hundred Hz the displacement of mass 11' and the feedback component from transducer 32' is only to overcome the error in the h.f. accelerometer signals and at higher frequencies the response of the h.f.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensing device having a pair of bendable piezoelectric crystal members encounters undesirable effects due to linear acceleration. To buck out the sensing device signal component representing this effect, a compensating device having its own piezoelectric bendable crystal is mounted to the same spin axis shaft as the angular velocity device, in fixed offset relationship thereto, so that it generates a buck out signal in phase with the undesired signal component from the angular velocity sensing device.

Abstract: An inertial platform accelerometer cluster (FIG. 1) comprises a cluster of gyro and accelerometer system triads disposed in a cluster housing 10 to detect motion along and about orthogonal x, y and z axes. The orthogonal accelerometer systems each comprises a pair of codirectional accelerometers e.g. 15x, 15'x having an operating bandwidth from 0 to several KHz mounted on the housing walls equidistant from a point 14, which represents a common center of percussion to all pairs, at the center of gravity of the cluster. The analogue output signals of each accelerometer pair are scaled, summed and differenced to provide `sum` and `difference` signals which represent respectively acceleration in the sensitive direction and angular acceleration about an orthogonal axis.

Abstract: Inertial measurement of the angular rotation and translational motion of a structure can be provided by a pair of vibrating accelerometers aligned in a side-by-side arrangement with their force sensing axes in the same direction and vibrated to and away from each other along an axis normal to their force sensing axes.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring inertial specific force and angular rate of moving body by means of a plurality of accelerometers mounted on mutually perpendicular axes, each accelerometer being mounted for vibratory movement along its respective axis. The apparatus further includes a drive for vibrating each accelerometer to produce output signals and a signal processor for deriving from the accelerometer output signals the specific force and angular rate for the respective axes. Enhanced performance is achieved by utilizing pairs of accelerometers vibrating along each axis combined with a preseparation circuit that separates the components of the accelerometer output signal having specific force information from components having angular rate information.

Abstract: A system and technique is disclosed for providing a low-cost, two-axis rate and acceleration transducer assembly which has improved bandwidth for providing outputs of acceleration while reducing ripple. The system includes a sensor structure utilizing piezoelectric generator elements affixed in a rotating configuration and generating a periodic signal having amplitudes representing the rates and accelerations. The structure includes three pairs of sensors, wherein each sensor of each pair of sensors is spaced 180.degree. from the other sensor of that pair about a rotating hub structure. One pair provides two-axis rate signals, while the remaining two pair provide two-axis acceleration signals. In the remaining two pair, each of the sensors of a pair are spaced 180.degree. from one another and 90.degree. from one of the elements of the other pair. A demodulator is coupled to receive the combined output of each acceleration pair to produce low ripple signals without filtering or with reduced filtering.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing dynamic measurements of the grade of a road bed provides correction for accelerations of the carrying vehicle. A tilt transducer, responsive to both the angle and sense of inclination and to accelerations of the vehicle is used to measure the angle of displacement. The time rate of change of velocity signal derived from the motion of the vehicle is used to provide a signal corresponding to the vehicular acceleration. The acceleration signal level is adjusted to cancel acceleration sensed by the transducer, thereby providing an output reflecting the true angular grade reading.

Abstract: In a structure utilizing a pair of accelerometers vibrating in a direction normal to their force sensing axes, a circuit utilizing voltage-to-frequency converters is utilized to convert the analog output signals from the accelerometers to digital signals representing the translational motion and the angular rate rotation of the structure.

Abstract: A low-cost, two-axis rate and acceleration sensor utilizing piezoelectric generator elements affixed to the rotating housing of an inside-out synchronous motor. Signals generated by the piezoelectric bender elements are amplified, compensated, balanced, and converted to FM signals for transmission off the rotating assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for inertially determining the rate of angular rotation and translational motion of a structure is provided which utilizes a pair of vibrating accelerometers vibrating along a single axis with their force sensing axis located normal to the axis of vibration and rotated 90.degree. from each other. Signals from the vibrating accelerometers can be processed to provide indications of angular rotation about two axes and translation motion about two axes. Two of the sets of vibrating accelerometers can be combined to provide a three axis inertial reference system.

Abstract: In an inertial system for sensing the angular rotation and translational motion of a structure utilizing a pair of accelerometers in a back-to-back arrangement vibrating substantially linearly along an axis normal to their force sensing axes, a mechanism utilizing a parallelogram structure is used to impart the vibratory motion to the accelerometers.

Abstract: An agricultural vehicle, such as a tractor, includes an engine and a hydraulic assist-type transmission coupled together by a clutch. A monitor includes sensors for sensing engine speed, clutch temperature and transmission temperature. Warning signals are generated if the clutch temperature is continuously and at least a certain amount hotter than the transmission temperature for a certain time period. The warning signals are disabled if the engine speed is less than a threshold and for a certain time interval after the engine speed exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: A flyweight governor comprising first and second sets of flyweights disposed pivotably on a flyweight support, the flyweights of the first set are arrested by stops after having traversed an idle speed angle of traverse (.alpha..sub.LL), on which stops the flyweights of said second set rest only after having traversed the total angle of traverse (.alpha..sub.max). The flyweight masses of the first set of flyweights acting only in the idle speed control have, in their position of rest, an outer contour which is, in comparison to said second set of flyweights, displaced further outwardly with an inclination angle (.beta..sub.LL) to the rotational axis (A) corresponding to the idle speed angle of traverse (.alpha..sub.LL).

Abstract: A low-cost, two-axis acceleration sensor utilizing piezoelectric generator elements affixed to the rotating housing of an inside-out synchronous motor. Signals generated by the piezoelectric bender elements are amplified, compensated, balanced, and converted to FM signals for transmission off the rotating assembly.

Abstract: A tamper proof, economically constructed, easily installed, drive recorder or instrument for making a permanent record of the manner in which a vehicle is driven is provided, and comprises an instrument which may be located in and secured to the vehicle of a driver whose driving habits are to be recorded. The recorder preferably has two compartments each having inclined bottom surfaces to normally position a heavy ball by gravity. The inclined bottom surfaces are provided with recording paper, and the vehicle's acceleration, braking or cornering causes the heavy balls to move from their normal positions up the inclined surfaces and the heavy balls to leave a track on the recording paper to make a permanent recording of the drive.

Abstract: A multifunction sensor provides two axes of angular rate and two axes of ear acceleration information from a single instrument. The multifunction sensor utilizes an air bearing rotor to support the spinning transducers. Angular rate measurements are made by utilizing two thin film transistors mounted on the rotor and oriented to sense strain about axes in a first plane orthogonal to the rotor spin axis. The two transducers output signals are summed to provide common mode rejection. A second set of thin film transistors are mounted on the rotor in a second plane orthogonal to that of the first set of transistors and oriented to sense strain along the axes orthogonal to the rotor spin axis. Two axes of acceleration can be measured by integrating this output signal at the proper time using a clock frequency. Angular rate and linear acceleration signals may be extracted from the rotating member via slip ring contacts or inductive pickoffs.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring specific force and angular rate of a moving body, particularly useful for a non-gyroscopic inertial measuring unit, comprises an orthogonal triad of rotating accelerometers, each producing an output signal "a", from which output signals are derived both (1) the angular rate vector .OMEGA. by multiplying the accelerometer output signal "a" by the function "SgnCos.omega.t" and integrating the resulting product over the cyclic period, and (2) the specific force vector F, by integrating the output signal "a" over the cyclic period, this processing of the accelerometer output signals substantially suppressing the unwanted components of these signals.

Abstract: A low-cost two-axis rate and acceleration sensor utilizing piezoelectric generator elements affixed to the rotating housing of an inside-out synchronous motor. Signals generated by the piezoelectric bender elements are amplifier, compensated, balanced, and converted to FM signals for transmission off the rotating assembly.

Abstract: A system for measuring wheel wear of a railroad vehicle includes a first speed measuring device, such as a microwave doppler speed sensor for measuring speed of the vehicle independent of wheel rotation rate, a second speed measuring device for measuring vehicle speed in terms of wheel rotation rate and a comparison device for measuring the difference of the two speed signals over time to therefore provide a signal indicative of wheel wear.

Abstract: A dual function device measures both inertial acceleration and rotation rate using a common birefringent ring resonator. A beam from a laser source is split, forming two orthogonally polarized beams which are coupled through respective Bragg cells and into a common waveguide. The beams are subsequently coupled into a ring resonator waveguide which has a proof-mass disposed thereon for applying acceleration forces to the resonator. Acceleration is measured when forces stress the proof-mass, detuning the cavity with respect to the horizontally polarized wave and thereby affecting output energy coupled therefrom. Similarly, rotation is measured when there is a rotation rate in the plane of the waveguide, which detunes the cavity with respect to the vertically polarized beam. Output energy from the waveguide cavity is used to indicate the degree of acceleration and/or rotation and to provide feedback for restoring resonance.

Abstract: A proof mass for an accelerometer is electromagnetically constrained in three orthogonal directions. An array of filaments forms an elastic suspension for the proof mass to constrain it in the remaining degrees of freedom. The resulting instrument has the potential for low cost and high-accuracy operation over a wide temperature range without the use of temperature controls.

Abstract: A direction detection apparatus which detects the traveling direction of a moving object on the basis of the movement of a weight. It comprises a centrifugal force detector, a clock signal generator, and a velocity detector, and also a detection device which receives signals from the detectors and the generator to provide a directional angle.

Abstract: A fuel-saving energy storage vehicle drive system which saves fuel, primarily under stop-and-go driving conditions, by collecting, storing and using energy normally lost in the braking or deceleration of the vehicle, by automatically controlled operation of the engine under certain conditions, and by automatically controlled use of the stored energy and engine respectively as alternative or supplemental prime movers for each other for driving the vehicle. Subsystems for preventing waste of deceleration energy and stored energy are provided, and compact transmission layout and packaging are provided which facilitate installation of the new system in existing vehicles.

Abstract: A fuel-saving energy storage vehicle drive system which saves fuel, primarily under stop-and-go driving conditions, by collecting, storing and using energy normally lost in the braking or deceleration of the vehicle, by automatically controlled operation of the engine under certain conditions, and by automatically controlled use of the stored energy and engine respectively as alternative or supplemental prime movers for each other for driving the vehicle. Subsystems for preventing waste of deceleration energy and stored energy are provided, and compact transmission layout and packaging are provided which facilitate installation of the new system in existing vehicles.

Abstract: A fuel-saving energy storage vehicle drive system which saves fuel, primarily under stop-and-go driving conditions, by collecting, storing and using energy normally lost in the braking or deceleration of the vehicle, by automatically controlled operation of the engine under certain conditions, and by automatically controlled use of the stored energy and engine respectively as alternative or supplemental prime movers for each other for driving the vehicle. Subsystems for preventing waste of deceleration energy and stored energy are provided, and compact transmission layout and packaging are provided which facilitate installation of the new system in existing vehicles.

Abstract: A device for detecting a difference between the speeds of rotation of two revolving shafts wherein a movable body is laid out between two dead-head systems mounted opposite one another and caused to rotate by each of the shafts in such a way that the body is displaced between two end positions, either suddenly if the sum of the tensions of the two systems is positive, or gradually if such sum is negative so as to measure, for example, the difference in speeds in a twin engine jet or to produce control devices or devices to trigger automatic systems.