Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) with a housing (2), a shaft (3) mounted in the housing (2), a compressor wheel (5) which is arranged on the shaft (3) and which has a plurality of blades (6), and a turbine wheel (4) which is arranged on the shaft (3) and which has a plurality of blades (6), with a rotary measurement arrangement having a pressure sensor (8), wherein the pressure sensor (8) is arranged to detect pressure fluctuations (10) in the gas at the compressor wheel (5) or turbine wheel (4).

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for measuring a property of a gas, such as the amount of liquid in a stream of the gas. The apparatus comprises a source of beta particles (20), a detector (23) capable of detecting beta particles, means (18) to support said source and said detector spaced apart from each other such that gas may enter the space between the source and detector and that the source is positioned to emit beta particles towards said detector; wherein said detector comprises a scintillation material in optical communication with a photodetector (26), and means (24) to physically isolate said photodetector from said gas.

Abstract: A quartz resonator flow cell has a piezoelectric quartz wafer with an electrode, pads, and interconnects disposed on a first side thereof. The piezoelectric quartz wafer has a second electrode disposed on a second side thereof, the second electrode opposing the first electrode. A substrate is provided having fluid ports therein and the piezoelectric quartz wafer is mounted to the substrate such that the second side thereof faces the substrate with a cavity being formed between the substrate and the wafer. The fluid ports in the substrate are aligned with the electrode on the second side of the piezoelectric quartz wafer which is in contact with the cavity.

Abstract: A sensing device includes an elongated whisker element having a flexible cantilever region and a base region where a change in moment or curvature is generated by bending of the cantilever region when it contacts an object. One or more sensor elements cooperatively associated with the whisker element provide one or more output signals that is/are representative of two orthogonal components of change in moment or curvature at the whisker base region to permit determination of object distance, fluid velocity profile, or object contour (shape) with accounting for lateral slip of the whisker element and frictional characteristics of the object. Multiple sensing devices can be arranged in arrays in a manner to sense object contour without or with adjustment for lateral slip.

Abstract: A device for measuring a speed of a material includes a body unit disposed at an exit side of a rolling stand and placed below a material which is transferred from the rolling stand; and a speed measuring unit installed on the body unit and constructed to measure a speed of the material transferred from the rolling stand.

Abstract: A system for estimating a freestream wind characteristic for a wind turbine having a rotor includes estimating a nacelle wind speed for the turbine; determining, from the estimated nacelle wind speed, at least one angular position of the rotor for measuring a nacelle wind characteristic for the turbine; and measuring the nacelle wind characteristic at the determined angular position of the rotor.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for measuring acceleration and a tilt angle using thermal convection of a fluid which includes a container containing the fluid, a heating body including a first heating element and a second heating element arranged in the container and a crosspoint that is formed as end portions of the first and second heating elements are electrically connected, and radiating heat when current is applied through the other end portions of the first and second heating elements, and a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction that contacts the crosspoint of the heating body and being point-symmetric with the heating body with respect to the crosspoint of the heating body, wherein a voltage between both end portions of the thermocouple is measured to calculate a temperature of the crosspoint of the heating body.

Abstract: A test apparatus and method for predicting the minimum runnable flow of a curtain coating fluid by forcing the coating fluid out of a small round tube opening with less flow rate than is required for momentum to exceed the contracting forces of surface tension. The minimum flow rate is a measure of the combined effects of the surface tension, viscosity, elasticity, and dilitant behavior of the coating fluid which influence the stretch and acceleration of the fluid, that in turn, characterize the runnability of the fluid for a full scale curtain coating process. The velocity of the coating as it lands can also be determined from the flow rate and acceleration to predict whether the coating fluid will run or not before it is applied to a web or substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for measuring microgravity acceleration that includes an elongate flow chamber having a first end and a second end and a liquid contained therein. Each end of the chamber is engaged by a plug member that is positioned to block the flow of the liquid through the ends of the container. Each plug member is maintained at a different known temperature such that a temperature gradient is created across the flow chamber. Temperature sensors are immersed in the liquid, the sensors being spaced apart along a line intersecting the axis of the flow chamber and normal thereto. Quasi-steady components of acceleration can be calculated based on the difference in the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A converter assembly for providing a liquid in a measuring line includes a stationary housing and a component being rigidly connected to the housing. A journal is slidingly supported in the stationary housing and defines a gap disposed between the component and the journal forming a throttle. The journal has an axis of rotation, an end, at least one transverse bore formed in the journal, and a journal bore formed in the journal from the end along the axis. The housing has a groove formed therein surrounding the journal and communicating with the journal bore through the at least one transverse bore. A liquid flow path communicates with a reservoir at a primary pressure and a pressureless sump and includes the throttle, the groove, the transverse bore and the journal bore. A measuring line branching off from the path between the transverse bore and the throttle carries the liquid at a measurement pressure corresponding to a rotational speed of the journal rotating about the axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a transmission including an input shaft, and an oil pump rotatable in synchronism with the input shaft to detect a speed of rotation of the input shaft. The apparatus comprises a pressure sensor sensitive to an oil pressure discharged from the oil pump for producing an electrical signal indicative of a sensed pressure. The electrical signal is utilized to detect the input shaft rotation speed.

Abstract: A system for determining the rotational, or cyclic, speed and rotational position of a looped traveling belt, such as a felt in a papermaking machine, utilizes a discontinuity, or caliper variation, in the surface of the belt near one edge thereof. A fluid stream, such as compressed air, is projected against the web along the annnular area containing the discontinuity, and a pressure transducer is mounted to fixed proximity with the belt downstream of, and aligned with, the fluid stream. The transducer senses differences in the pressure of the fluid stream projected against the belt and against the discontinuity, and produces a signal indicative of the passage of the discontinuity past the transducer. The time interval of this signal is used to compute the cyclic speed of the traveling belt and to identify the part of the belt passing through a nipped roll couple at another location.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the hardness of capsule plugs, granules and pellets, in which a power stand (11) has a base (12) and gear motor (15) for driving a replaceable probe (25) toward a test subject supported on the base. A test subject holder (27) is placed on the base for holding the test subject, and comprises spaced apart first and second support plates (28, 30) fixed relative to one another with a third support plate (29) movable therebetween to define a space variable between zero and a predetermined maximum. Accordingly, a test subject may be held on the support for testing in a selected one of a variety of modes, including crushing, bending and cutting, depending on the spacing of the plates and the probe selected.

Abstract: A fluidic sensor providing a differential pressure signal proportional to the angular velocity of a rotary input. In one embodiment the sensor includes a fluid pump having an impeller coupled to a rotary input. A housing forming a constricting fluid flow chamber is connected to the fluid input of the pump. The housing is provided with a fluid flow restrictive input to the flow chamber and a port communicating with the interior of the flow chamber. The differential pressure signal measured across the flow restrictive input is relatively noise free and proportional to the square of the angular velocity of the impeller. In an alternative embodiment, the flow chamber has a generally cylindrical configuration and plates having flow restrictive apertures are disposed within the chamber downstream from the housing port. In this embodiment, the differential pressure signal is found to be approximately linear with the angular velocity of the impeller.

Abstract: A device for measuring the rotational speed of a rotating object in which a tream of fluid from a back pressure sensor is directed at a chopper wheel attached to the rotating object. The output of the back pressure sensor varies as the chopper wheel rotates. The number of variations in pressure per unit time is directly proportional to the rotational speed of the rotating object.

Abstract: The accuracy of a fluid jet angular velocity sensor is increased by reducing flow disturbances which tend to increase the device's temperature sensitivity.

Abstract: A continuously variable V-belt transmission has a change-direction gearing upstream of a drive pulley, and a hydraulic control system. The hydraulic control system comprises a shift control valve for controlling the distribution of fluid pressure between the drive and driven pulleys, a pitot tube for generating an engine revolution speed indicative signal fluid pressure, a pitot tube for generating a drive pulley revolution speed indicative signal fluid pressure indicative of not only of a revolution speed of the drive pulley in the forward direction but also of a revolution speed of the drive pulley in the reverse direction, and a shift prohibiting valve for prohibiting the supply of fluid pressure to at least one of the cylinder chambers of the drive and driven pulley until a difference between the engine revolution speed indicative signal oil pressure and the drive pulley revolution speed indicative oil pressure is less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An analog fluidic speed sensor including novel structure enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor.

Abstract: A fuel-saving energy storage vehicle drive system which saves fuel, primarily under stop-and-go driving conditions, by collecting, storing and using energy normally lost in the braking or deceleration of the vehicle, by automatically controlled operation of the engine under certain conditions, and by automatically controlled use of the stored energy and engine respectively as alternative or supplemental prime movers for each other for driving the vehicle. Subsystems for preventing waste of deceleration energy and stored energy are provided, and compact transmission layout and packaging are provided which facilitate installation of the new system in existing vehicles.

Abstract: Pressure changes in the engine case of an automobile are sensed to compute and display the engine rpm irrespective of the types of engines. A pressure sensing element is mounted on the oil filler port in the engine cylinder head cover by means of a mounting member made of an elastic material.

Abstract: A digital fluidic output accelerometer which has a proportional fluid ampier for balancing forces acting on a mass which is rotatably mounted on air bearing means and has a digital fluidic output which produces digital signals that are proportional to acceleration of the device.

Abstract: A centrifugal regulator comprises a casing containing mercury able to be set in motion by a drive shaft and a coupling means pivotally mounted on a hub. Two chambers of lower density than the mercury are pivoted to two spindles which in turn are pivoted to the casing. Support means are provided for supporting the chambers against two arms of the hub and which comprise two rigid knives each having a double edge. Each of these knives bears, on one edge, against a first bearing supported by one of the chambers and, on the other edge, against a second bearing supported by one of the arms. Spring means for biasing the chambers against the casing and sealing means between the hub and the casing are also provided.

Abstract: A member mounted for limited rotation having a conduit coaxially connected to the member for directing a stream of air to the member, which stream is deflected radially outwardly and tangentially away from the member to cause rotation in a first direction, a spring connected to said member for biasing the member toward a quiescent position, and a device affixed to the member for actuating remote apparatus upon a predetermined amount of rotation of said member.

Abstract: An integrating angular accelerometer for measuring angular rate of a rotating body has a stationary cylindrical inertial mass supported by a low drag hydrostatic bearing concentrically in a housing rotatable relative thereto and filled with a viscous fluid. An annular channel of laminar dimensions is formed between the inertial mass and housing and a vane is arranged in the channel to block fluid flow caused by rotation of the housing relative to the inertial mass. The differential pressure in the channel at opposite sides of the vane provides a signal corresponding to the rate of rotation of the housing relative to the inertial mass.

Abstract: A pneumatic apparatus for measuring the rate of movement of one object with respect to another. A pneumatic signal functionally related to the displacement of the object whose rate is being measured is generated, differentiated and recorded. The apparatus is adapted to reset itself automatically if the rate exceeds a predetermined amount. The record produced by the apparatus may be a bar graph or a continuous curve reading directly in the rate of movement being measured.

Abstract: The sensor comprises an operational circuit consisting of fluidic elements. The detecting sensor causes variation in the pressure of a control fluid supplied to the operational circuit. The variation of pressure, depending on the rotational speed of vehicle wheels, serves to detect the vehicle speed from the pressure in the control fluid.

Abstract: A membrane-air pump functioning as a tachometer, having a first flow circuit whose pneumatic flow or pressure values serve as speed-dependent guide parameters for control or regulating apparatus. A second flow circuit leads from the pressure or delivery side of the membrane-air pump to the suction side thereof, and in which there is incorporated a flow throttle and a spring-loaded relief pressure valve in series connection with the second flow circuit. Preferably, the flow throttle, as well as the relief pressure valve are adjustable.