Abstract: A device and a method for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium include a sensor unit having a mechanically oscillatable unit, at least a first piezoelectric element, a temperature detection unit for determining and/or monitoring a temperature of the medium and an electronics unit. The device is embodied to excite the mechanically oscillatable unit by means of an excitation signal such that mechanical oscillations are executed, to receive mechanical oscillations of the oscillatable unit and convert them into a first received signal, to transmit a transmitted signal and to receive a second received signal. The electronics unit is embodied, based on the first and/or second received signal, to determine the at least one process variable and, based on a third received signal received from the temperature detection unit, to determine the temperature of the medium.

Abstract: Data retrieval, event recording and transmission module connectable to safety and relief valves. The module (10) coupled to safety or relief valves for the measurement, transmission and recording of events and includes a rigid and inextensible at room temperature longitudinal element defining an acoustic emission waveguide (12) that transmits vibrations. The end (12a) of (12) is in intimate contact with a portion (2) or (1) of the valve, and its other end (12b) penetrates inside a closed resistant box (10), wherein it sits in contact against at least one acoustic emission sensor (13) receiving a signal proportional to the vibrations transmitted by the waveguide (12).

Abstract: An interference margin between a stator and a rotor is measured after a rotary electric machine is manufactured, and the measured value is stored in a memory of a life predicting device as an allowable limit value. The life predicting device calculates a wear amount of a bearing portion of the rotary electric machine from an operation state amount of the rotary electric machine, and determines whether or not the rotary electric machine reaches an end of a life and maintenance is needed based on the calculated value and the allowable limit value stored in the memory.

Abstract: A nozzle cap for a fire hydrant includes a cap cover comprising a metal material; and a cap body defining a cap axis, the cap body comprising: an inner housing comprising a metal material; and an outer housing comprising a non-metal material, the outer housing disposed axially between the inner housing and the cap cover, the outer housing comprising a substantially circumferential wall, the substantially circumferential wall defining a cavity between the inner housing and the cap cover, wherein a first end of the substantially circumferential wall engages the inner housing.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium include a sensor unit having a mechanically oscillatable unit, at least a first piezoelectric element, a temperature detection unit for determining and/or monitoring a temperature of the medium and an electronics unit. The device is embodied to excite the mechanically oscillatable unit by means of an excitation signal such that mechanical oscillations are executed, to receive mechanical oscillations of the oscillatable unit and convert them into a first received signal, to transmit a transmitted signal and to receive a second received signal. The electronics unit is embodied, based on the first and/or second received signal, to determine the at least one process variable and, based on a third received signal received from the temperature detection unit, to determine the temperature of the medium.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for measuring the deformation of a subsea pipeline (1), wherein an electromagnetic wave is emitted towards subsea pipeline (1), the electromagnetic wave being reflected by a metal layer (2) of subsea pipeline (1) and the reflected electromagnetic wave being analysed to deduce the deformation of subsea pipeline (1).

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilizing acoustic resonance spectroscopy applicable to any mechanical device or structure having internal or external components that need to be positioned away from a set point and then returned to the original position, such as a valve which is opened to pass fluids and subsequently closed, for noninvasively providing a measure of the deviation from the original position, and for classifying or grouping together objects that appear to be identical from the outside, but which may have slight external or internal differences, such as sealed containers filled with different fluids or materials, are described.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a diagnostic apparatus includes a sound-emitting unit, at least one measurement unit, and a processor. The sound-emitting unit includes a plurality of speakers arranged at equal angular intervals on a circumference of a circle, and is configured to emit a first vibration sound to a target by using the speakers. The at least one measurement unit is arranged on a central axis of the circle, and is configured to measure a vibration of the target generated in response to the first vibration sound, or a second vibration sound radiated from the target due to the vibration. The processor is configured to diagnose the target based on an output from the at least one measurement unit.

Abstract: An electric motor includes a stator and a rotor which is rotatably mounted relative to the stator about a motor axis. The electric motor further includes an inclination measuring unit at least one sensor and one sensor electronics, said at least one sensor being arranged in a fixed position and orientation relative to the stator, said sensor electronics controlling said at least one sensor, and said at least one sensor being configured for generating measured values, which allow conclusions to be drawn about the spatial orientation of the sensor and thus conclusions about the spatial orientation of the electric motor. The electric motor can be part of a fan. Furthermore, there is disclosed a corresponding motor electronics configured for controlling such an electric motor.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a fluid at a steady-state temperature, where the pipeline includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over an exterior surface of the tubular conduit; changing the steady-state temperature of the fluid by applying a thermal contrast to the pipeline; based on changing the steady-state temperature, detecting a thermal gradient between the fluid carried in the bore and at least one of the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the exterior surface of the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: An analysis device includes a vibration sensor that detects vibration of a machine, a calculation unit that defines a peak value on the basis of a standard deviation of detection data of the vibration sensor, and a wireless communication device that transmits processed data output from calculation performed by the calculation unit.

Abstract: A signal processing unit configured to: cause a first ultrasound emitter, when attached to a wall of a vessel, to emit a first ultrasound test signal; receive, from at least one ultrasound receiver, when attached to the wall of the vessel, the first ultrasound test signal; detect a time of flight of the received first ultrasound test signal; and determine that an acoustic coupling of the first ultrasound emitter and a first ultrasound receiver of the at least one ultrasound receiver to the wall of the vessel is intact if the detected time of flight corresponds to a length of a path in the wall of the vessel from the first ultrasound emitter to the at least one ultrasound receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous monitoring of a pipeline or a pipeline network carrying flowing media that can not only detect the presence of a leak but also locate the source of the leak through the use of rarefaction wave detection and methods of using the same is disclosed within. The apparatus and method are specifically configured to locate the leak source within less than 36 inches using a calibration means and a noise cancellation means.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry configured to execute transmit aperture synthesis to conduct coherent summation on multiple received signals that are at different transmit apertures and in an identical scan line, evaluate a degree of consistency between phases of the received signals to calculate an evaluation value at each observation point, and correct a received signal having undergone the transmit aperture synthesis based on the evaluation value.

Abstract: A fluid monitoring system is provided, which includes at least one fluid vibration sensing unit to provide at least one fluid vibration signal from at least one location on a measuring chamber of a meter to be monitored. The system also includes one or more display units, and a control unit configured to be coupled to the at least one fluid vibration sensing unit and the one or more display units. The control unit is configured to detect a condition from the respective location using the at least one fluid vibration sensing unit and communicate to at least one or more display units to provide a display of the condition. A meter with a fluid monitoring system is also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems of distributed acoustic sensing, such as in an urban or metropolitan area involving a dedicated and established fibre optic communications network including a data centre. In general, the disclosed method and system includes the steps of (a) selecting an optical fibre cable installation having a path extending across a selected geographical area, the optical fibre cable installation including a bundle of optical fibres and forming part of a fibre-optic communications network, (b) determining characteristics associated with the optical fibre and/or the selected optical fibre installation, (c) transmitting outgoing light in the optical fibre, (d) receiving reflected light back scattered along the optical fibre, and (e) based on the reflected light and the determined characteristics, generating an alert signal representative of an acoustic event. The disclosed method and system are applied to detect acoustic events near or within the selected geographical area.

Abstract: A pipe repair device includes a body defining a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a stent configurable in a compressed configuration and an expanded configuration, the stent mounted to the body in the compressed configuration; and a locomotion subsystem configured to drive the pipe repair device through a pipe, the locomotion subsystem comprising a steering rod extending from the first end of the body and configured to engage an inner surface of the pipe.

Abstract: Riser stress-engineering-assessment equipment to verify the integrity and the in-deployment-integrity of a riser string by knowing the status, details and location of each riser joint and by monitoring the deployment parameters. When the failure risk exceeds an acceptable level, the equipment activates a local and/or a remote alarm using voice, sound and lights. The system comprises a computer with communication means, a material properties and geometry detection system, a data acquisition system acquiring deployment and other parameters, a database comprising of riser historical data and captured expert knowledge, a failure-criteria calculation to calculate maximum-stresses under different loads and the combined effects of the different loads to determine if the riser string is still fit-for-deployment.

Abstract: A refrigerant leak management system for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is disclosed. The system includes a controller communicatively coupled to one or more sensors disposed within the HVAC system. The controller measures a vibration pattern associated with a component of the HVAC system. The controller determines whether the vibration pattern is indicative of a refrigerant leak in the HVAC system. Additionally, the controller can modify operation of the HVAC system when the vibration pattern is indicative of the refrigerant leak in the HVAC system.

Abstract: A system and methods for machine anomaly and behavior classification is provided. An audio capture device may attach to a mechanical apparatus comprising a first component and a second component. The first component and second component may separately generate audible noise. The capture device may include a body, a diagraph disposed in the body, and a microphone. The diagraph may vibrate in response to sound generated by the mechanical device. The microphone may generate a signal in response audio caused by the vibrating diagram. The system may receive the signal generated by the microphone of the audio capture device. The system may determine, based on a machine learning model and the signal, an anomalous event associated with the first component, a second component, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, or in addition, the system may classify operation of the machine based on second machine learning model.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and techniques for determining whether an acoustic event lias occurred along a fluid conduit iliat lias acoustic sensors positioned along its length. For each of the sensors, a processor is used to determine a linear relationship between a measured acoustic signal measured using the sensor and a white noise acoustic source located along a longitudinal segment of the fluid conduit overlapping the sensor. From the linear relationship, the processor determines an acoustic path response that includes an acoustic response of the longitudinal segment and an acoustic source transfer function dial transforms the white noise acoustic source. Over time, variations in the acoustic path responses and/or acoustic source transfer functions are monitored. When the event threshold is exceeded, the acoustic event is identified as having occurred along the longitudinal segment corresponding to the acoustic path response or acoustic source transfer function that varied in excess of the event threshold.

Abstract: A system (100) for monitoring a pipe system (10) includes a first sensor device (102). The first sensor device (102) includes at least one sensor, a wake-up circuit (170), and a processor (172). The at least one sensor is configured to sense an operating characteristic of a piping section (12) of the pipe system (10), and includes a transducer configured such that an audio signal emanating in the piping section induces the transducer to produce a voltage signal indicative of the audio signal. The wake-up circuit (170) is operatively connected with the transducer, and generates a wake-up signal in response to the voltage signal being above a predetermined threshold. The processor (172) is operatively connected to the wake-up circuit (170) and to the at least one sensor, and is configured to identify an operating condition of the pipe system (10) with reference to the operating characteristic sensed by the at least one sensor in response to receiving the wake-up signal.

Abstract: An abnormal consumption detection system is provided with remote valve control for a distributed water infrastructure. The system may comprise an electronically controllable valve, a remote communication transmitter, a remote communication receiver, at least one sensor for measuring water flow information associated with the distributed water infrastructure, and at least one processor. The system may determine from the water flow information obtained from the at least one sensor a potential abnormal consumption associated with the distributed water infrastructure. The system may automatically close a valve, without human intervention, when the potential abnormal consumption is determined. The system may transmit, via the remote communication transmitter to a remote administrator, alert information about the potential abnormal consumption to enable an administrator to decide based on the transmitted information whether to reopen the valve.

Abstract: Provided is a nondestructive inspection (“NDI”) system that includes an unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAV”) comprising a body structure and at least one support arm. The support arm includes a first arm portion having a first end coupled to the body structure and a second end coupled to a second arm portion. The second arm portion includes a first end coupled to the second end of the first arm portion and a second end coupled to an NDI scanning device. The support arm also includes a compliant member disposed between the first arm portion and the second arm portion. The NDI scanning device includes one or more NDI sensors.

Abstract: The subject technology relates to a process by which data from two downhole loggers (e.g., acoustic transducers), one at each end of a pipeline, can be used to improve the resolution of a pressure pulse system, even for slow valve operating times. For example, the process of the subject technology uses data from two transducers (e.g., acoustic transducers), instead of one transducer typically employed in traditional approaches, thereby leading to increased resolution of the deposit location and thickness. By improving the deposition estimation resolution, locating smaller deposits in a pipeline more accurately can be realized. The improved resolution in deposition estimation computations supports better decision making by providing more detailed measurement and quantification data for use in resolution of deposition buildup.

Abstract: A powder dispersing device of a powder particle size distribution measuring equipment has a base, an elastic force generating assembly and a first housing. The elastic force generating assembly includes a bumping piece, a force applying board and a power transmission assembly. Two ends of the power transmission assembly are respectively connected to the bumping piece and the force applying board. When the force applying board is applied with a first displacement, the power transmission assembly actuates the bumping piece to generate a second displacement which enables the bumping piece to have a first elastic force. The first housing is formed with a through hole on a side surface for one end of the force applying board to extend out. The first elastic force of the bumping piece triggers the bumping piece to strike on any surface facing toward the inside of the first housing and touching the other end of the bumping piece.

Abstract: A fluid measuring apparatus, including a pair of ultrasonic wave probes in which one is disposed more upstream than the other, a processor, and a non-transitory storage medium containing program instructions therein. The execution of the program instructions by the processor causes the fluid measuring apparatus to provide functions of a period measuring unit that measures a first propagation period during which ultrasonic wave propagates from the one ultrasonic wave probe to the other, and a second propagation period during which ultrasonic wave propagates from the other ultrasonic wave probe to the one ultrasonic wave probe, and a flow velocity measuring unit that derives a flow velocity of the fluid by cancelling errors in a first flow velocity that is derived by measuring the second propagation period after measuring the first propagation period, and a second flow velocity that is derived by measuring the first propagation period after measuring the second propagation period.

Abstract: A system for estimating fluid flow in a system including a pump and a fluid vessel operatively coupled to the pump via a conduit is described herein. The system comprises an accelerometer affixed to an exterior surface of the conduit, wherein the accelerometer is configured to generate signals representing physical movement of the conduit, and wherein the signals are suitable for estimating fluid flow in the conduit.

Abstract: Systems or apparatus include a plurality of ultrasonic transducer pairs arranged about a conduit to establish a plurality of measurement paths directed at an acute angle relative to a central axis of the conduit. A control system is configured to perform operations comprising obtaining ultrasonic pulse transmission and detection data from the first and second ultrasonic transducers for each of the measurement paths, determining a first fluid flow rate using the data for each of the measurement paths, determining a second fluid flow rate using a subset of the data that is used to determine the first fluid flow rate, wherein the subset of the data includes only the data for a subset of the measurement paths, and determining whether a difference between the first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow rate is greater than a difference setpoint.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) corrosion monitoring method via excitation beam forming and weighted image fusing. Because damage-related scattering signals are weak and precision of the MUSIC algorithm is affected, the present invention first introduces excitation beam forming and two arrays into the MUSIC method, to enhance scattering signals of corrosive damage and improve their signal-to-noise ratios. Then, the two arrays serve as an excitation array or a sensor array in turn, by assigning weight to fused corrosive damage images of the two arrays, monitoring of corrosive damage in blind zones of the one-dimensional linear arrays is realized. Finally, factors related to the corrosive damage are calculated based on eigenvalues of covariance matrixes of array signals, to determine the depth of the corrosive damage.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to multi-purpose an acoustic emission sensor are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a collection engine to obtain a measurement from an acoustic emissions sensor coupled to a fluid flow control assembly, and obtain a state of the fluid flow control assembly. The example apparatus further includes a selector to adjust a gain of a pre-amplifier based on the state to adjust the measurement, and a condition identifier to identify a condition of the fluid flow control assembly based on the adjusted measurement.

Abstract: A measurement device and method includes a controller for controlling performance of a test on a test object, a signal generator for generating a signal indicative of an audible prompt to audibly identify a test result of the test object, and a signal transmitter for wirelessly transmitting the signal indicative of the audible prompt to a device remote from the measurement device.

Abstract: Provided are a position determination device and the like which determine vibration measurement positions for specifying a leak position. A position determination device 100 includes a feature amount extraction unit which extracts feature amounts relating to detected pipe vibrations respectively on the basis of the pipe vibrations detected by a plurality of detection units, and a measurement position determination unit which determines measurement positions of at least two of the detection units on the basis of the feature amounts.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a signal processing unit may receive distributed acoustic sensing data associated with a first set of a plurality of pipeline locations. The signal processing unit may also receive collected physical data representing a physical characteristic of a second set of a plurality of pipeline locations. The signal processing unit may then utilize a pipeline model having the distributed acoustic sensing data and collected physical data as inputs to automatically generate at least one alert indicating an increased probability of damage to the pipeline.

Abstract: Monitoring of a line system (1) in which a liquid medium (3) is guided in a line (2). The current pressure of the liquid medium (3) in the line (2) and in the associated current flow are sensed at sensing times. The two values are fed to a computing unit (5). The computing unit (5) calculates a theoretical flow of the liquid medium (3) in the line (2) from the sensed current pressure by taking into account a specified flow function. The flow function describes a physical relationship between the theoretical flow of the liquid medium (3) and the current pressure of the liquid medium (3). The computing unit (5) determines an individual degree of clogging on the basis of the current flow and the theoretical flow. On the basis of a number of determined individual degrees of clogging and by using stochastic methods, the computing unit (5) calculates an interval within which a degree of clogging of the line system (1) lies with a probability to be defined.

Abstract: A method and a system remotely detect the position of a pig device inside a pipeline for transporting pressurized fluids, like for example long distance oil and gas pipelines having a strategic international value. The method foresees equipping the pipeline with pressure sensors in contact with the fluid, located at at least one of the two terminals of the pipeline, and the sending and processing of signals by a control unit. The operation of the system is that of identifying and locating, in real time and continuously, a pig device that moves intermittently inside the pipeline, for example during cleaning, monitoring, measurement and non-destructive control operations.

Abstract: An ultrasonic detector suitable for mounting in a position for surveying an area for a source of airborne ultrasound, which detector comprises a sensor for detecting an ultrasonic sound signal, characterised by a transducer configured to produce a broadband ultrasonic sound signal for reception by said sensor enabling said ultrasonic detector to perform a self-test.

Abstract: A vibration detection device (10) is provided with a vibration detection unit (110), a sensor-side leak determination unit (120), a first transmission unit (130), and a second transmission unit (140). The vibration detection unit (110) detects vibration transmitted through piping (30). The sensor-side leak determination unit (120) determines whether or not there is a possibility of a leak in the piping (30) based on a measurement result of the vibration detection unit (110). When the sensor-side leak determination unit (120) determines that there is a possibility of a leak, the first transmission unit (130) transmits provisional leak information to an information processing device (20). The provisional leak information indicates that there is a possibility of a leak in the piping (30).

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for detecting pipe wall thinning, which measures a natural frequency of a pipe and determines a level of the pipe wall thinning, and a method thereof. The apparatus for detecting the pipe wall thinning includes a hitting member 10 for hitting the pipe T, a vibration measurement sensor 20 which measures a vibration signal generated when the pipe T is hit with the hitting member 10, and a control part 30 which compares the natural frequency calculated from the vibration signal measured from the vibration measurement sensor 20 with a natural frequency generated from a normal pipe in which wall thinning does not occur, and determines the level of the wall thinning of the pipe T.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a structural condition of a structure, comprising providing an excitation wave generator; providing an excitation wave sensor; injecting an excitation burst wave into the structure using the excitation wave generator; obtaining a measured propagated excitation burst wave using the excitation wave sensor; correlating the measured propagated excitation burst wave with one of a plurality of theoretical dispersed versions of the excitation burst wave; and providing an indication of the structural condition of the structure corresponding to the correlated measured propagated excitation burst wave. The method may offer a better localization of the reflection points and thus of the potential defects present in a structure under inspection, when compared with a group velocity-based or time-of-flight (ToF) approach. The method may be particularly useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

Abstract: Sensors locate troublesome leaks in pipes or conduits that carry a flowing medium. These sensors, through tailored physical and geometric properties, preferentially seek conduit leaks or breaches due to flow streaming. The sensors can be queried via transceivers outside the conduit or located and interrogated inside by submersible unmanned vehicle to identify and characterize the nature of a leak. The sensors can be functionalized with other capabilities for additional leak and pipeline characterization if needed. Sensors can be recovered from a conduit flow stream and reused for future leak detection activities.

Abstract: An ultrasonic gas leak detector and test method, configured to discriminate the ultrasound generated by a pressurized gas leak into the atmosphere from ultrasound generated by man-made ultrasonic sources. In an exemplary embodiment an ultrasonic gas leak detector is able to identify a remote ultrasonic test source as a known test source and to initiate a test sequence instead of alarm. An output function generates detector outputs in dependence on the test mode initiation. The ultrasonic gas leak detector may also identify various other man-made ultrasonic sources as being neither gas leaks nor remote test sources but as nuisance or hostile sources to be identified as such. The test method utilizes a narrowband test source at a known ultrasonic frequency to ensonify the detector.

Abstract: The present invention provides new techniques for non-invasive and real-time measurement of the velocity profile of slurry flow in horizontal pipes, as well as the measurement and trending of pipe wear on slurry lines. In the first case, this information can be used to determine the approach and onset of solid deposition on the bottom of the pipe. Having this information in real time can enable operation at lower velocities or higher solids concentration or both while avoiding solids deposition or plugging and their associated operational costs. In the second case, the present invention uses a permanently or semi-permanently installed ring of conformable ultrasonic transducers clamped onto the outside of the pipe. These transducers are used to measure the thickness of the pipe under their respective locations.

Abstract: An amplifier includes: a first operational signal path arranged to generate a first pre-output signal according to an input signal under a first operating mode of the amplifier; a second operational signal path arranged to generate a second pre-output signal according to the input signal under a second operating mode of the amplifier; and an output stage, coupled to the first operational signal path and the second operational signal path, for outputting a first output signal according to the first pre-output signal under the first operating mode and outputting a second output signal according to the second pre-output signal under the second operating mode, wherein the first operational signal path and the second operational signal path are arranged to share at least one common circuit element for generating the first pre-output signal and the second pre-output signal under the first operating mode and the second operating mode, respectively.

Abstract: A hydraulic power unit, a flow meter, and a pressure gauge couple to a first end of a tube under testing. The hydraulic power unit provides an inlet pressure to move a testing fluid through the tube. The flow meter measures a flow rate of the testing fluid and the pressure gauge measures the inlet pressure. An accelerometer measures sound and vibration of the tube. A reservoir couple to an outlet of the tub and an inlet of the hydraulic power unit. The reservoir supplies the testing fluid to the hydraulic power unit and collects the testing fluid from the tube. Hoses interconnect the components in a closed loop that reuses the testing fluid. By analyzing the flow rate, it is determined if an obstruction exist in the tube. By analyzing the inlet pressure and the sound and vibration of the tube, a location of the obstruction is determined.

Abstract: A system transfers energy wirelessly from a source to a sink as an EM near-field according to parameters. The source includes a receive RF chain, and a receive controller. The sink includes a transmit RF chain, and a receive controller. The receive controller measures the energy received as feedback information, which is transmitted to the sink. Then, the transmit controller dynamically varies the parameters to optimized the energy received at the sink.

Abstract: A method and apparatus utilized in operating a feedback forum in an online auction environment is described. Instead of allowing users of the system to enter freeform comments for and about other users, a number of predefined feedback comments are provided that relate to an auction transaction. Users leaving feedback for other users are permitted to select a comment they desire to leave for or about another user relative to a transaction. The predefined feedback comments selected by the users are associated with the users whom the comment is about, and at some time thereafter, the predefined feedback comment is displayed for viewing by other users of the system.

Abstract: A system for detecting aberrations within a workpiece having a conduit with an input end and an output end is disclosed. The system comprises a fluid delivery device arranged proximate to input end of conduit to pass fluid into input end of the conduit, the fluid delivery device having one or more fluid controllers that control one or more conditions of the fluid passed thereby, a sensor having an input and an output, the input arranged proximate to output end of conduit to measure one or more conditions of the fluid experienced by input, a workpiece exciter situated to excite workpiece and a processor having an input connected to the output of sensor, the processor having a correlator to correlate any changed of the one or more conditions of the fluid experienced by input of sensor with an excitement of workpiece by sensor.

Abstract: Locating devices and systems providing haptic tactile feedback are disclosed. In one embodiment, a locator includes a haptic handle configured to provide directional signals through an operator's sense of touch to aid in locating and tracing a buried conductor or other object such as a pipe or cable.

Abstract: A method of measuring the thickness of any deposit of material (28) on an inner wall (12) of a structure (14). The method comprises: (a) causing vibrations in the structure; (b) detecting said vibrations in the structure; (c) determining a resonance frequency of the structure based on the detected vibrations; and (d) determining the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of the structure based on the determined resonance frequency.