Abstract: This invention provides an insertion type ultrasonic flow meter, flow measuring system and method, which related to the field of flow measuring and metering. The insertion type ultrasonic flow meter includes a first insertion type sensor and a second insertion type sensor. The first insertion type sensor is equipped with a first ultrasonic transducer; the second insertion type sensor is equipped with a second ultrasonic transducer. The first insertion type sensor and the second insertion type sensor are installed at upstream and downstream of the pipeline respectively. The first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer are equipped face-to-face. Compared to current technology, the insertion type ultrasonic flow meter provided by this invention has better signal receiving capability and smaller channel noise, therefore lower power consumption that can be powered with battery. It can also conduct accurate measurement to low velocity and flow rate of water in pipeline.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for tagging and acoustically characterizing containers.

Abstract: New methods for calculating acquisition illumination are computationally less expensive in comparison with conventional methods. In one such new method, source wavefield propagations are calculated and assigned to corresponding zero-offset receivers. Further, the number of non-zero-offset receivers within the coverage of the shot at the source location is decimated. Such a method is most advantages in reverse time migration, in which all source wavefield propagations are already calculated. The receiver-side illumination for each shot can be obtained by summing up all the source-side illumination with the source located within receiver coverage. All the source-side illumination and receiver-side illumination can be summed up to get the acquisition illumination for the survey. The acquisition illumination can be used to value the acquisition system and to compensate the migration images.

Abstract: Examples of receiving and analyzing data for predicting pipe attenuation within a fluid distribution system are disclosed. In one example implementation according to aspects of the present disclosure, a method for receiving and analyzing data for predicting pipe attenuation within a fluid distribution system includes: receiving predetermined criteria for a specific pipe-soil combination; calculating attenuation data of the specific pipe-soil combination based on the predetermined criteria; employing the attenuation data to produce a colormap of sound attenuation; and determining a propagating distance for the specific pipe-soil combination based on the colormap and a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and device for monitoring state of charge and state of health of a battery, and relates to the technical field of battery. The method comprises: firstly, passing ultrasonic waves through a lithium-ion battery in different SOCs at different charging and discharging currents to obtain acoustic parameters, and then establishing respective corresponding relationships between the acoustic parameters and the lithium-ion battery SOC and SOH; and secondly, monitoring the acoustic parameters of a lithium-ion battery, and then estimating SOC and SOH of the lithium-ion battery by combining the monitored acoustic parameters with the respective corresponding relationships between the acoustic parameters and the lithium-ion battery SOC and SOH. The invention further provides a device implementing the above method. The method and device can monitor the battery SOC and SOH in a brand new way different from the electricity parameter measurement.

Abstract: Described in detail herein are methods and systems for estimating storage capacity of a storage unit disposed in a facility based on echoes detected by microphones. The microphones can detect sounds generated in the warehouse and reflected off the storage unit structures. The microphones detect the intensity of the sounds. The microphones can encode the sounds and the intensity of the sounds in time-varying electrical signals and transmit the time-varying electrical signals to a computing system. The computing system can decode the sounds and the intensity of the sounds from the time-varying electrical signals and estimate storage capacity of a storage unit from which the sounds reflected off of based on the intensity of the sounds.

Abstract: In a method of inferring ambient atmospheric temperature, an acoustic signal is emitted from a speaker. A first sample of the acoustic signal is captured with a first microphone spaced a first distance from the speaker. A second sample of the acoustic signal is captured with a second microphone spaced a second distance from the speaker. The second distance is greater than the first distance, and a difference between the first distance and the second distance is a known third distance. A time delay in the acoustic signal is determined between the first sample and the second sample. An ambient temperature of the atmosphere through which the acoustic signal traveled is inferred based on a relationship between the time delay and temperature for the acoustic signal over the third distance.

Abstract: Methods of testing the material of a metal object made by additive manufacturing. An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is used to transmit long duration acoustic signals into the object, and to receive response signals representing resonance of acoustic waves within the material. At least one resonance peak is identified and used to determine attenuation and/or wave velocity. These values can then be used to determine material properties, such as porosity, Shear Modulus, Young's Modulus, or Poisson's Ratio.

Abstract: Flow rate measurement is performed with a propagation time by using a pair of ultrasonic wave oscillators which is provided in flow path through which a fluid to be measured flows, and is disposed so as to transmit and receive an ultrasonic wave signal by causing the ultrasonic wave signal to be reflected on an inner wall of flow path at least once. In addition, adjustment of an amplification rate is periodically performed by amplifier, which amplifies the ultrasonic wave signal received by each of the ultrasonic wave oscillators to a predetermined amplitude, and a difference between a previous amplification rate and a current amplification rate is a predetermined value or more, and the instantaneous flow rate calculated by flow rate calculation unit is a predetermined flow rate or less, the reference voltage is adjusted by reference voltage setting unit. With the configuration, the propagation time can be stably measured and deterioration of the maximum amplitude is prevented.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to a present embodiment includes a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, a data processing circuit, an image generating circuit, a switching power supply circuit, and a control circuit. The switching power supply circuit is configured to generate a drive voltage for at least one of the transmission circuit, the reception circuit, the data processing circuit, and the image generating circuit. The control circuit is configured to control the transmission circuit to repeatedly transmit an ultrasonic pulse, and control a timing of a switching operation of the switching power supply circuit to synchronize the timing with a transmission timing or a reception timing of the ultrasonic pulse.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow meter is disclosed comprising adjustable rotating blocks and a piezoelectric wafer mounted in connection with each rotating block. The piezoelectric wafers or chips are used for transmitting and/or receiving upstream and downstream ultrasonic waves. The rotating blocks adjust the incident angle of the piezoelectric wafers to account for installation in connection with different pipe sizes. By adjusting angle in a linked and continuous manner, no translational sensor movement is required for an optimal ultrasonic wave reflection for the downstream transducer to receive a signal from the upstream transducer and the upstream transducer to receive a signal from the downstream transducer. As such, the devices and methods described enable measurement of liquid flowing in pipes across a range of different diameter pipes so as to greatly increase the convenience and the extent of application or technology adoption.

Abstract: A control device of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes a processor and a memory connected to the processor and storing instructions executable by the processor. The instructions collect a sound of processing a substrate by the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. The instructions calculate a difference of a power spectrum of the processing sound between a first point of time and a second point of time. The instructions determine a change point of processing of the substrate based on the difference.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, embodiments including a system, probe and method are disclosed for accurately measuring the strain or extension of a fastener that occurs as the nut on the fastener is tightened and the fastener is put under load. The measurement technique is based on measurement of the time for an ultrasonic wave generated on one end of the fastener to travel a round trip through the fastener. As the fastener is tightened, the applied stress causes an associated increase in length. This length can be determined from a measurement of the increase in transit time. In various embodiments, the disclosed device and method uses laser ultrasonic testing (LUT), in which a pulsed laser generates the ultrasonic wave and a type of laser vibrometer detects the wave when it returns to the position of generation following a combination of longitudinal and shear wave reflections.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a downhole drilling system, which comprises a downhole motor, a universal-joint assembly comprising an upper universal joint and a lower universal and a connecting rod connecting the upper universal joint and the lower universal joint, and a measurement sub. The measurement sub is disposed about the connecting rod and the connecting rod extends through the measurement sub in a longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: Examples of collecting and analyzing acoustic data for condition assessment within a fluid distribution system are disclosed. In one example implementation according to aspects of the present disclosure, a method for collecting and analyzing acoustic data for condition assessment within a fluid distribution system includes: receiving pipe segment criteria for a pipe segment, the pipe segment including a length of a pipe between a first computing node and a second computing node; determining a predicted parameter based on the received pipe segment criteria for the pipe segment; utilizing the predicted parameter to measure an actual speed of sound for the pipe segment between the first computing node and the second computing node; and comparing the actual speed of sound and a theoretical speed of sound to calculate a predicted pipe degradation for the pipe segment.

Abstract: A measurement device comprises: an ultrasonic vibrator that emits an ultrasonic wave to a measurement target; an acoustic lens; a sound-receiving element unit; an A/D converter array; a calculator connected to the A/D converter array; and a driving mechanism that makes the measurement target movable or tiltable relative to the ultrasonic vibrator. The calculator stores information in chronological order acquired by the sound-receiving element unit through scanning irradiation with the ultrasonic wave, converts the information stored in chronological order to space information, and acquires an acoustic intensity distribution.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method for ultrasonic testing according to the pulse-echo method as well as an arrangement for performing such a method. By means of an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic pulse is obliquely incident into a sound incidence surface of a test object. Next, an echo signal is received from the test object. This takes place either by means of the ultrasonic transducer, which has emitted the ultrasonic pulse or with another ultrasonic transducer. The time amplitude characteristic of the echo signal is evaluated in a predefined defect expectation interval of time. The evaluation step includes, in at least one section of the amplitude characteristic, an amplification of the amplitude and/or a reduction in the threshold value. For example, the amplitude of the received echo signal is then compared with the predefined threshold value.

Abstract: Methods, systems, devices, and products for well logging using a logging tool in a borehole in an earth formation. Methods include conveying the logging tool in the borehole on a carrier; taking acoustic well logging measurements with the logging tool including generating a multitone acoustic beam from at least one transmitter on the tool, the beam comprising a high frequency signal modulated by a low frequency envelope, the high frequency signal including a first subsignal at a first frequency and a second subsignal at a second frequency, and generating measurement information at at least one acoustic receiver on the logging tool in response to a plurality of acoustic reflections of the acoustic beam from at least one volume of interest in the formation; and estimating a property of the volume of interest using the measurement information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring the water level within a pipe. The present specification discloses a method for monitoring the water level in a pipe, comprising the steps of: transmitting ultrasonic waves generated at a plurality of ultrasonic transducers, which are spaced apart from each other in the outside of the pipe, to the inside of the pipe via a solid contact medium; checking whether echoes corresponding to respective ultrasonic waves are present; and determining the water level on the basis of the presence of the echoes corresponding to the respective ultrasonic waves. The present invention can simply and conveniently install water level monitoring equipment within a pipe on a long term basis using a nondestructive method.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to align threaded fasteners are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a socket to hold a fastener and a sensor disposed adjacent the socket. The sensor is to measure acoustic waves near the socket while the socket rotates the threaded fastener in a reverse-thread direction against an end of a threaded pin. The example apparatus also includes an electronic control unit to determine whether the fastener and the threaded pin are aligned based on the acoustic waves measured by the sensor.

Abstract: An amount of wear of a railroad vehicle wheel flange online while traveling in a curved section is directly measured. A laser rangefinder 3 is installed on an outer track side in a rounded curve section of a railroad track. When a railroad vehicle travels through the rounded curve section, the laser rangefinder 3 measures a distance to a front rim surface of a wheel on an outer track side of a wheelset in a forward direction of travel of a bogie forming a vehicle. The amount of wheel flange wear is obtained by comparing this measured distance with a previous measurement of the measured distance. It is then possible to control the amount of wheel flange wear when traveling in a curved section, thus making it possible to quickly find wheels having flange wear that has exceeded a control range and ensure safety during travel of the railroad vehicle.

Abstract: An imaging method based on guided wave scattering of omni-directional EMATs includes: selecting an nth omni-directional EMAT from N omni-directional EMATs uniformly arranged in a detection region of a metal plate to be detected as an excitation EMAT; selecting m omni-directional EMATs as omni-directionally receiving EMATs to omni-directionally receive an ultrasonic guided wave signal, and calculating a travel time and intensity of the ultrasonic guided wave signal; judging whether the excitation EMAT and the omni-directionally receiving EMATs form a scattering group, if yes, calculating a position of a scattering point; judging whether the position of the scattering point is within a preset scattering region, if yes, determining the position of the scattering point as an effective scattering point; repeating the above steps until all N omni-directional EMATs have excited omni-directional ultrasonic guided waves, and performing curve fitting on all effective scattering points to obtain a defect profile image.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a makeup state of a threaded connection including a male threaded tubular element and a female threaded tubular element. In the method, during makeup of the male threaded element into the female threaded element, a variation with time of a dimensional characteristic of at least one of the elements is measured in a pre-defined direction. Next, the variation with time of the characteristic is analyzed to determine a makeup state for the threaded connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for locating a machining position in a repair material that is arranged on a member including a machined portion formed by predetermined machining, the method including: a step of arranging a marker including a portion having a different propagation characteristic of an ultrasonic wave from that of a peripheral portion in the machined portion existing in the member before the repair material is arranged on the member; and a step of applying the ultrasonic wave to the member covered with the repair material and locating the machining position at a position of the marker captured by the ultrasonic wave after the repair material is arranged on the member.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for measuring hair moisture using a hair moisture measuring device including a vibrator, a sound wave detector, a heater, and/or a processor. The vibrator may generate and propagate first sound waves through a strand of hair, which may be detected by the sound wave detector. The processor may then measure a first time-delay between the first sound waves and the first driving signals. After heating the hair by the heater, the vibrator may generate and propagate second sound waves through the strand of hair, which may be detected by the sound wave detector. The processor may measure a second time-delay between the second sound waves and the second driving signals, and also measure an amount of the moisture by calculating a time-delay difference between the first time-delay and the second time-delay.

Abstract: A concrete structural element is provided that includes a concrete matrix; a steel reinforcing structure embedded in said matrix; at least first and second attitude sensors at a distance from one another in a direction, embedded in said matrix and fixed to said reinforcing structure; and a processing circuit configured to recover attitude measurements supplied by each attitude sensor and configured to compute a deformation of said structural element relative to said direction as a function of the attitude measurements recovered.

Abstract: A cementing system is provided. A cement slurry dispenser includes at least one control valve, at least one liquid additive pump, and at least one water pump. A computer has a display for an interface screen. The e interface screen displays a list zone of available selectable tests for the cement slurry dispenser and corresponding global selection choices, a detail zone, wherein in response to selection of one of the selectable tests from the list zone, substeps of the selected one of the selectable tests is displayed a local activate button configured to commence only the selected one of the selectable tests displayed in the detail zone; and a global activate button configured to commence all of the selectable tests in the list zone that are indicated as selected by the corresponding global selection choices. The computer implements the tests on the cement slurry dispenser.

Abstract: In a method and system for inspecting the condition of a structure, the structure is scanned with a three-dimensional (3D) scanner. The 3D scanner includes a sensing system having one of a radar sensing device or an ultrasonic detection device. The sensing system detects 3D information about a subsurface of the structure, and the 3D scanner generates 3D data points based on the information detected by one or more of the radar sensing device and the ultrasonic detection device. A 3D model is constructed from the 3D data and is then analyzed to determine the condition of the subsurface of the structure.

Abstract: In a method of inferring ambient atmospheric temperature, an acoustic signal is emitted from a speaker. A first sample of the acoustic signal is captured with a first microphone spaced a first distance from the speaker. A second sample of the acoustic signal is captured with a second microphone spaced a second distance from the speaker. The second distance is greater than the first distance, and a difference between the first distance and the second distance is a known third distance. A time delay in the acoustic signal is determined between the first sample and the second sample. An ambient temperature of the atmosphere through which the acoustic signal traveled is inferred based on a relationship between the time delay and temperature for the acoustic signal over the third distance.

Abstract: A track bolt for an undercarriage system includes a head portion. The track bolt also includes a body portion extending from the head portion. The track bolt further includes a piezo ceramic sensor mounted in a counter bore provided in the track bolt. The piezo ceramic sensor measures a value of track bolt elongation such that the value of the track bolt elongation is used to calculate a clamping force in the track bolt. The track bolt includes a plug member disposed in the counter bore for sealing the piezo ceramic sensor.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes monitoring and collecting data associated with one or more users of a moving platform, analyzing the data, identifying a predetermined event, based on the analyzing, and adjusting one or more aspects of the moving platform, based on the predetermined event.

Abstract: A method and a device for the near-surface, non-destructive inspection by means of ultrasound of a rotationally symmetric workpiece having a diameter that changes from section to section are provided. The method and device are based on the insonification of an ultrasonic test pulse into the workpiece at a defined insonification angle and the subsequent recording of an ultrasonic echo signal from the workpiece. Echo signals that trace back to a near-surface region ROI of the workpiece are identified and evaluated. Then, a graphic representation of the surface of the workpiece is generated.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a fluid parameter of a fluid within a fluid containment vessel includes mounting a first multi-sensor assembly to a fluid containment vessel, the first multi-sensor assembly having two or more multi-sensor pairs located at consecutive heights of the fluid containment vessel, each of the two or more multi-sensor pairs having a first multi-sensor and an opposite second multi-sensor, each of the two or more multi-sensor pairs being in communication with a single transmitter assembly. A signal is sent from the first multi-sensor towards the second multi-sensor of the two or more multi-sensor pairs. A transit time for the signal to pass between the first multi-sensor and the second multi-sensor is measured. The transit time of adjacent multi-sensor pairs is compared to identify a fluid boundary within the fluid containment vessel.

Abstract: A vehicle examination system includes an axle inspection system that is configured to inspect an axle of a vehicle. The axle inspection system includes an ultrasound scanning assembly, and an axle coupler that retains the ultrasound scanning assembly. The axle coupler is configured to moveably secure the ultrasound scanning assembly to the axle. An axle inspection control unit is in communication with the ultrasound scanning assembly. The axle inspection control unit is configured to control the ultrasound scanning assembly to ultrasonically scan the axle for anomalies as the vehicle moves.

Abstract: A method for determining the presence of damage in a structure includes applying energy to the structure to induce tension shockwaves in the structure. The method also includes detecting sound waves caused by the tension shockwaves using at least one acoustic emission sensor on the surface of the structure. Additionally, the method includes determining the presence of damage in the structure due to the applied energy based on detected sound waves.

Abstract: A method of determining a velocity of air flowing in an air flow direction through an opening. The method includes locating first and second transducer assemblies in the opening, to position the first and second transducer assemblies spaced apart by a predetermined distance along a substantially straight line of sight defining a non-zero angle in a horizontal plane between the line of sight and the air flow direction. A controller is operatively connected with the first and second transducer assemblies respectively, via a four-wire interface in which two of the wires are for power transmission and two of the wires are for transmitting signals. The transducer assemblies are time-synchronized. First and second electronic signal pulses are transmitted between the first and second transducer assemblies. Based on the transit times, the non-zero angle, and the predetermined distance, the velocity of the air flowing in the air flow direction is determined.

Abstract: Processing electronics provide flow data acquisition and telemetry for multiphase flow tomographic arrays. The processing electronics convert sensed flow condition data obtained by ultrasonic transceiver tomography arrays into a serial digital data to minimize both the number of external feedthroughs and also the bandwidth required for transmission. The processing electronics also sends the full measured waveforms from each of the transceivers in the tomographic arrays.

Abstract: A cooling plate for a metallurgical furnace comprising a body (12) with a front face (18) and an opposite rear face (20), the body having at least one coolant channel (14) therein; the front face (18) being turned towards the furnace interior and preferably comprises alternating ribs (22) and grooves (24). The cooling plate includes wear detection means comprising: a plurality of closed pressure chambers (26, 28) distributed at different locations in said body, said pressure chambers being positioned at predetermined depths below the front face (18) of said body; and a pressure sensor (30) associated with each pressure chamber (26, 28) in order to detect a deviation from a reference pressure inside said pressure chamber when the latter becomes open due to wear out of said body.

Abstract: According to one aspect, embodiments herein provide an electrical connection sensor comprising at least one transducer configured to be coupled to a power distribution block, to generate ultrasonic pulses in the power distribution block, and to receive ultrasonic signals based on the ultrasonic pulses, and a controller coupled to the at least one transducer and configured to determine a status of at least one electrical connection in the power distribution block based on at least one characteristic of the ultrasonic signals received by the at least one transducer.

Abstract: A method and a device for the non-destructive inspection of a rotationally symmetric workpiece having sections with different diameters by a non-destructive inspection technique, such as ultrasound, are provided. Within the context of the method, a test data set characterizing the material properties of the workpiece is generated by the inspection technique. An azimuth angle-dependent indicated value set is generated therefrom. Subsequently, a representation of the workpiece is generated, wherein the elements of the indicated value set are depicted in the representation in a spatially resolved manner. In particular, a graphic representation of the surface of the workpiece can be generated in which flaw signals are displayed that may have been found.

Abstract: Externally generated noise can be coupled into a fluid carrying structure such as a pipe, well, or borehole so as to artificially acoustically “illuminate” the pipe, well, or borehole, and allow fluid flow in the structure or structural integrity to be determined. In the disclosed system, externally generated noise is coupled into the structure being monitored at the same time as data logging required to undertake the monitoring is performed. This has three effects. First, the externally generated sound is coupled into the structure so as to “illuminate” acoustically the structure to allow data to be collected from which fluid flow may be determined, and secondly the amount of data that need be collected is reduced, as there is no need to log data when the structure is not being illuminated. Thirdly, there are signal processing advantages in having the data logging being undertaken only when the acoustic illumination occurs.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a connection joint including a first side coupled to an opposite second side along a bond, extending along an edge. The method includes generating at least one first sound wave at a first location on the first side, wherein the first location is at a first distance from the edge. The method also includes receiving the at least one first sound wave at a plurality of sensors coupled to the second side and determining that the bond is present at the first location. The method further includes generating at least one second sound wave at a second location on the first side, wherein the second location is offset a predetermined distance from the first location. The method also includes receiving the at least one second sound wave at the plurality of sensors and determining a width of the bond.

Abstract: New techniques are provided for measuring the thickness of a pipe wall using ultrasonic reflections. The apparatus includes a signal processor that receives a signal containing information about ultrasonic pulses injected into a pipe wall; and determines a pipe wall thickness measurement based at least partly on decomposing the signal received in order to identify either peaks using a cepstrum analysis or repeated spacing using a wavelet analysis. The wavelet analysis includes dividing data in the signal received into a specific frequency component and a defined temporal component in order to detect correct pulses where multiple reflections are caused by irregularities in the pipe wall surface being measured. The cepstrum analysis includes processing repeating pulses in the signal in order to detect correct pulses where multiple reflections are caused by irregularities in the pipe wall surface being measured.

Abstract: Sawmill auditing and control apparatus and methods employ information from one or more scan zones and/or controllers (e.g., PLCs). Boards may be logically associated with mill equipment which produced the boards, allowing defects or imperfections to be tied to certain equipment. For example, boards may be associated with a primary breakdown machine or a gangsaw, or with a pair of cutters (e.g., saws, chip heads). Such allows auditing of mill operations to identify improperly functioning machinery or out of tolerance conditions, to correct such, and/or provide notification.

Abstract: A fastener having threads includes a main body including a head portion and a thread portion having the threads, a sensor mounted on the main body and configured to detect orientation of the fastener, and a wireless module mounted on the main body and configured to transmit data indicating the detected orientation through a wireless signal.

Abstract: A wear indication device comprises an outer body and a sensor configured to detect and indicate wear to the outer body. The outer body exhibits an opening extending at least partially therethrough and comprises a stem region, and a head region integral with the stem region and extending outwardly beyond a lateral periphery of the stem region. The sensor is positioned within the opening and comprises an output device. An assembly, and a method of detecting wear to a component of an assembly are also described.

Abstract: A method measuring elastic properties using ultrasound of a part made of a material having a curved surface, includes: emission of bundles of ultrasound waves in a direction of a point of impact on the part's surface to generate waves within the part; knowing a thickness d of the part at the point of impact in a first direction D1 and a thickness d2 in a second direction forming an angle determined with respect to the first direction, taking a first measurement t1 of time taken by the longitudinal waves transmitted to travel d1 from the point of impact, and taking a second measurement t2 of the time taken by the transverse waves to travel d2 from the point of impact; and determining the Young's modulus and/or Poisson's ratio of the material based on the longitudinal velocity VL=d1/t1 and transverse velocity VT=d2/t.

Abstract: A method is provided of non-destructively inspecting titanium alloy articles in the as-cast condition using ultrasonic waves to detect internal flaws, comprising modification of grain structure in the as-solidified ingot structure by the addition of trace boron to various titanium alloys. The ability to ultrasonically inspect as-cast billets combined with improved hot workability provided by trace boron enhancement permits an economical method of manufacture of titanium alloy articles destined for high performance applications.

Abstract: The present application includes an independent and redundant measurement of anesthetic concentration, based on acoustic time-of-flight measurements, added to an anesthetic vaporizer. The redundant anesthetic concentration measurement is used to make the vaporizer inherently safe by design and monitor true vaporizer empty. Further, using an acoustic wave splitting technique and the time-of-flight measurements, the flows at the vaporizer inlet and outlet are computed. The flow measurements are used to monitor carrier gas loss, anesthetic consumption, and anesthetic delivery time remaining and provide such information to the vaporizer operator.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an acoustic sensor includes a base and a first strain sensing element. The base includes a support and a first film unit supported by the support. The first film unit is flexible. The first strain sensing element is provided on a first surface of the first film unit. The first strain sensing element includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a first intermediate layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. An angle between a magnetization of the first magnetic layer and a magnetization of the second magnetic layer is variable by an acoustic wave. The acoustic wave is transmitted to a first film unit by a first transmitting material in contact with the first film unit.