Abstract: Methods for monitoring scale deposition in a water-containing industrial process are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the water-containing industrial process is an aqueous cooling system. In certain embodiments, the methods incorporate fluorometric monitoring and control techniques along with a piezoelectric microbalance sensor. A particular embodiment of a piezoelectric microbalance sensor is additionally disclosed, along with at least one method for using the particular embodiment that is independent of whether fluorometric monitoring and control techniques are utilized.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring an interfacial tension (?) for liquid-liquid interfaces or surface tension for liquid-gas interfaces. The method is characterized in that the measurement is carried out by the penetrometry of an interface between two fluids of a sample in a pipe comprising at least one window made of a transparent material, using a rod moving at constant speed orthogonally to the interface, a profile of the interface being deformed by the penetration of the rod and a series of images of the profile being captured in real time by an image-capturing system during the deformation and the crossing of the interface. A device for implementing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A dynamic quantity sensor includes a first substrate, a fixed part arranged in the first substrate, a spiral shaped movable electrode arranged separated from the first substrate, one end of the spiral shaped movable electrode being supported by the fixed part, a fixed electrode positioned on the periphery of the movable electrode and arranged in a detection direction of a dynamic quantity, and a first terminal electrically connected to the fixed part and a second terminal electrically connected to the fixed electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus of measuring viscosity and/or elasticity comprising: an electro-conductive rotor; a container that contains a sample and the rotor such that the rotor is arranged in the sample; a magnet unit that is arranged in the surrounding of the container and applies a magnetic field to the rotor; a rotation controlling unit that drives the magnet unit to apply a rotating magnetic field to the rotor so as to induce induced current in the rotor and rotate the rotor by providing the rotor with a rotation torque caused by Lorentz interaction between the induced current and the magnetic field applied to the rotor; a rotation detection unit that detects the rotation of the rotor; and a dynamic property detection unit that detects viscosity and/or elasticity of the sample being in contact with the rotor based on the rotation torque and the rotational movement.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle having first and second wheels is provided that includes a differential apparatus adapted to distribute torque between the first and second wheels and a traction controller for controlling operation of the differential apparatus from vehicle launch up to a predetermined vehicle speed. The traction controller is configured to engage the differential apparatus in a first operating state according to at least one vehicle operating parameter indicative of a low traction operating condition and to further control engagement of the differential apparatus in a second vehicle operating state during the low traction operating condition according to a difference between an actual vehicle yaw rate and a predetermined target vehicle yaw rate. The control system also includes a stability controller for controlling engagement of the differential apparatus at or above the predetermined vehicle speed.

Abstract: A method for incompressible fluid simulations includes: calculating a force acting on each particle forming a fluid; calculating a velocity field satisfying a incompressibility condition of the fluid based on the calculated force; and moving the particle in the velocity field. Further, the calculating a velocity field includes: calculating a temporary velocity of the particle free of compression based on the calculated force; calculating pressure satisfying the incompressibility condition of the particle based on the calculated temporary velocity; and calculating velocity satisfying the incompressibility condition of the particle by applying the calculated pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for measuring the surface tension of a sample comprising providing a well plate, containing at least one well defined by well walls and an opening and forming a space for receiving the sample to be tested, bringing a probe in contact with the surface of the sample in the well, and measuring the force applied to the probe by the sample, characterized in that the walls of the well are inclined with respect to the plane defined by the opening of the well so that the cross section of the well is decreasing in the direction from the opening of the well towards the bottom of the same, so as provide a geometry resulting in a flat or convex shape of the meniscus of the sample when in the well and that at least the surface of the wall of the well facing the sample space comprises an antistatic material, and providing means for dissipating static electricity from the well. The invention also concerns a well plate for use in the method.

Abstract: For measuring the surface tension between a liquid and fluid such as a gas, a capillary (3, 3?) is used in which the liquid slowly flows and at the end of which drops (11) are formed, falling off into a closed space (7) containing the fluid. Using a pressure sensor (5, 5?) the pressure is measured which can be the absolute pressure of a fluid volume enclosed in the closed space or alternatively a differential pressure measured as the pressure difference between the liquid in the capillary and fluid contained in the closed space. The pressure is measured when one or more drops are formed and full off. The obtained pressure curves are evaluated electronically (12) and provide a value of the surface tension. The measurement can be made within a fairly short time with a high operational reliability. The temperature difference between the drop and the surrounding fluid is small resulting in a little precipitation of salts dissolved in the liquid, reducing the risk that the liquid capillary with be blocked.

Abstract: A library of materials is screened for mechanical properties such as surface tension or interfacial tension. A library of materials is provided. A stimulus such as a stress or force is provided to each member of the library. A response (e.g., a resistance) of each of the materials due to the stimulus is measured and the response, the stimulus or both are recorded and related to provide data. Thereafter, the data is analyzed to reach conclusions regarding the material samples.

Abstract: A library of materials is screened for mechanical properties such as surface tension or interfacial tension. A library of materials is provided. A stimulus such as a stress or force is provided to each member of the library. A response (e.g., a resistance) of each of the materials due to the stimulus is measured and the response, the stimulus or both are recorded and related to provide data. Thereafter, the data is analyzed to reach conclusions regarding the material samples.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for measuring the stickiness of a flowable medium, in particular a printing ink, which is led as a layer between two surfaces that can be moved in the same direction, through a convergence zone, a pressure zone and a divergence zone; it being possible to use a measuring device to measure, as a measure of the stickiness, that force which is needed to separate the surfaces from each other. At least one surface is led on a circularly cylindrical path. The two surfaces are driven positively in the same direction and at the same speed. The surfaces contain, at least in some sections, those materials of which the surfaces which are assigned to each other during the processing of the medium to be tested in intended devices, such as printing machines, are composed.