Abstract: Provided is a freehub torque and speed sensing device, including a freehub, a dynamic assembly and a static assembly. The freehub includes a freehub body (2) and a freehub fixing housing (1) sleeved on an outer side of the freehub body (2). A load connection portion (204) is disposed at one end of the freehub body (2). A torque sensing deformation unit (203) is disposed at the freehub body (2) adjacent to the load connection portion (204) and includes at least one sensor. The dynamic assembly rotates with the freehub body (2). The static assembly is fixedly connected to an external fixing structure body and includes a primary control unit. The dynamic assembly includes a secondary control unit electrically connected to the sensor. A torque signal is transmitted between the primary control unit and the secondary control unit in a wireless manner, and the primary control unit supplies power to the secondary control unit in the wireless manner.

Abstract: A method for pre-tensioning a chain conveyor, the method relating to a chain strand which is deflected by at least one chain wheel, wherein at least one measurement module is integrated in the chain strand and transmits data wirelessly to a communication device arranged outside the chain strand. The pre-tensioning force is adjusted according to the data collected and transmitted wirelessly by the measurement module.

Abstract: A signal processing method includes receiving a signal that rises in response to a physical change and falls in response to an opposite physical change that is opposite to the physical change from a sensor that is a stretchable sensor and outputs the signal, and correcting a signal lag as either a rising of a received signal that has been received from the sensor lags with respect to a falling of the received signal, or the falling of the received signal lags with respect to the rising of the received signal.

Abstract: A signal processing method includes receiving a signal that rises in response to a physical change and falls in response to an opposite physical change that is opposite to the physical change from a sensor that outputs the signal, and correcting a signal lag as either a rising of a received signal that has been received from the sensor lags with respect to a falling of the received signal, or the falling of the received signal lags with respect to the rising of the received signal.

Abstract: A building structure includes a block of building material and a magnetic circuit buried in the block of building material. The structure also includes a plurality of sensing devices buried in the block of building material. Each sensing device may include a contactless power supplying circuit magnetically coupled with the magnetic circuit to generate a supply voltage when the magnetic circuit is subject to a variable magnetic field.

Abstract: A new passive wireless electric field sensor is disclosed. This sensor does not require direct attachment to a source of power which makes it passive. It is composed of a resonator loaded with varactors. The sensor is interrogated by a remotely located device transmitting and receiving the pulses of sine wave in the resonance frequency range of the sensor. Therefore, the sensor can be mounted in the vicinity of high voltage apparatus and interrogated from a safe distance.

Abstract: Torque measurement devices, systems, and methods are provided. Exemplary torque measurement devices, systems, and methods include providing rotating electronics and non-rotating electronics configured for remote power transmission and remote interrogation via near field and switched reactance communications. The rotating electronics and the non-rotating electronics can communicate analog information without batteries or a physical connection therebetween.

Abstract: Apparatus and method that includes providing a variable-parameter electrical component in a high-field environment and based on an electrical signal, automatically moving a movable portion of the electrical component in relation to another portion of the electrical component to vary at least one of its parameters. In some embodiments, the moving uses a mechanical movement device (e.g., a linear positioner, rotary motor, or pump). In some embodiments of the method, the electrical component has a variable inductance, capacitance, and/or resistance. Some embodiments include using a computer that controls the moving of the movable portion of the electrical component in order to vary an electrical parameter of the electrical component. Some embodiments include using a feedback signal to provide feedback control in order to adjust and/or maintain the electrical parameter.

Abstract: A bicycle crank assembly is basically provided with a bicycle crank arm and an electrical unit. The bicycle crank arm includes a crank portion and a sprocket mounting portion. The sprocket mounting portion includes at least one sprocket mounting arm having a distal end part forming a sprocket mounting structure. The electrical unit includes a first attachment part that is disposed on a first sprocket mounting arm of the at least one sprocket mounting arm at the sprocket mounting structure.

Abstract: There is described a device for identifying an asset. The device comprises (a) a piece of material having predetermined physical properties, the piece of material being adapted to be irreversibly attached to the asset, (b) a stimulation and measurement unit attached to the piece of material, the stimulation and measurement unit being adapted to apply a predetermined stimulation to the piece of material and to measure a corresponding response from the piece of material, (c) an analysis unit adapted to analyze the measured response from the piece of material, and (d) a communication unit adapted to output data representative of the analysis of the measured response. There is also described an asset, an identification system and a method of identifying an asset. Furthermore, there is described a computer program.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluidic structure is disclosed. A cavity that defines a shape of an element of the fluidic structure within a material is formed. The cavity is filled with liquid metal. The cavity is sealed. The fluidic structure behaves as an antenna. A fluidic antenna includes a material that defines a shape of the fluidic antenna by a cavity filled with liquid metal formed within the material, where the material further defines at least one mechanical property of the fluidic antenna.

Abstract: A device, a system and a method for detecting an irregularity in a structure of an aircraft are proposed. The device includes a resonant circuit with a resonance frequency and a probe for tuning the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit. The resonant circuit and the probe are operatively connected in such a way that the probe changes the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit if the structure changes due to a formation of an irregularity.

Abstract: A strain sensor comprises a transmitting element; a receiving element wirelessly coupled to the transmitting element; and a modulating element located on a rotating component, wherein the modulating element modulates the wireless coupling between the transmitting element and the receiving element, wherein the modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of strain on the rotating component. A method of detecting strain in a rotating component of a rotary machine comprises wirelessly coupling a transmitting element and a receiving element; modulating the coupling with a modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the strain in the rotating component based on the modulation of the coupling.

Abstract: A wireless sensor including a resistive element, a modulating element located on a rotating component and at least one of a transmitting element and a receiving element, wirelessly coupled to the modulating element. The modulating element is configured to modulate the wireless coupling, between the at least one of a transmitting element and a receiving element, in response to a change in resistance in the resistive element. The modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of a measurand on the rotating component. A method of detecting a measurand in a rotating component of a rotary machine includes wirelessly coupling at least one of a transmitting element and a receiving element to a modulating element; modulating the wireless coupling with the modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the measurand in the rotating component based on the modulation of the wireless coupling.

Abstract: A system and method for a surface strain gauge is described which has direct application to wind turbine structures and wind turbine blades and wind turbine struts. The invention is equally applicable to other airfoil structures such as aircraft wings and aircraft fuselages. The strain gauge comprises an array of carbon fibre material integrated with one or more microcontroller modules wherein the entire array may be incorporated into the surface of the structure to be monitored during manufacture of the structure. The array comprises separate sheets of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy which are linked together and which each comprise a separately addressable element such as a microcontroller wherein the microcontrollers are connected to a power supply and to a central bus which itself links to a central system controller. Differential measurements of the resistance of separate carbon fibre reinforced epoxy sheets may be determined in real time as well as the resistance between two or more sheets.

Abstract: A damage-detection apparatus for an aircraft may include a composite structure comprising embedded conductive traces. The embedded conductive traces may be for transmitting a damage-detection signal to indicate if the composite structure has been damaged.

Abstract: Provided herein are circuitry, a system and a method for conditioning an analog strain gauge signal in real time in the space environment. The circuitry and system provide means of modulating an excitation waveform input signal which in conjunction with a mechanical load applied to the analog strain gauge generate a modulated strain gauge output signal which is subsequently demodulated as the conditioned analog strain gauge signal. Using spread spectrum modulation on the sensor excitation waveform input signal allows operation without generating high levels of EMI. Subsequent demodulation of the sensor output signal in synchrony with amplitude modulating the sensor excitation waveform input signal provides a conditioned strain gauge signal that is a continuous representation of the load at the strain gauge in real time. Also provided is a method of monitoring a docking maneuver in a space environment.

Abstract: A strain sensor comprises a transmitting element; a receiving element wirelessly coupled to the transmitting element; and a modulating element located on a rotating component, wherein the modulating element modulates the wireless coupling between the transmitting element and the receiving element, wherein the modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of strain on the rotating component. A method of detecting strain in a rotating component of a rotary machine comprises wirelessly coupling a transmitting element and a receiving element; modulating the coupling with a modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the strain in the rotating component based on the modulation of the coupling.

Abstract: A strain sensor comprises a transmitting element; a receiving element wirelessly coupled to the transmitting element; and a modulating element located on a rotating component, wherein the modulating element modulates the wireless coupling between the transmitting element and the receiving element, wherein the modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of strain on the rotating component. A method of detecting strain in a rotating component of a rotary machine comprises wirelessly coupling a transmitting element and a receiving element; modulating the coupling with a modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the strain in the rotating component based on the modulation of the coupling.

Abstract: A system and method of using a passive wireless gauge to detect the physical properties on an object.

Abstract: A solution for monitoring a property of an object and/or an area using a Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS)-based monitoring device is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, the MEMS-based monitoring device includes a MEMS-based sensing device for obtaining data based on a property of the object and/or area and a power generation device that generates power from an ambient condition of the monitoring device. In this manner, the monitoring device can operate independent of any outside power sources or other devices. Further, the monitoring device can include a transmitter that transmits a signal based on the property. The monitoring device can be used to monitor a moving component of a machine, and can be integrated with a health monitoring system of the machine using one or more relay devices.

Abstract: A strain sensor comprises a transmitting element; a receiving element wirelessly coupled to the transmitting element; and a modulating element located on a rotating component, wherein the modulating element modulates the wireless coupling between the transmitting element and the receiving element, wherein the modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of strain on the rotating component. A method of detecting strain in a rotating component of a rotary machine comprises wirelessly coupling a transmitting element and a receiving element; modulating the coupling with a modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the strain in the rotating component based on the modulation of the coupling.

Abstract: A system and method of using a passive wireless gauge to detect the physical properties on an object.

Abstract: A system and a method for measuring properties and health of structures are disclosed. The system comprises a number of sensors connected to a single antenna. Each sensor has a body that defines an electromagnetic resonator. The electromagnetic resonator produces a response signal in response to an interrogation signal. The body is coupled to the structure to so as to allow the parameters of interest alter the resonance properties of the electromagnetic resonators thereby altering the response signal. The sensor further includes a coupler that is coupled to the body. The coupler transfers the interrogation signal into the electromagnetic resonator and transfers the response signal from the electromagnetic resonator. The system further includes an interrogator that generates and transmits the interrogation signal to the sensor. The interrogator also receives the response signal.

Abstract: A solution for monitoring a property of an object and/or an area using a Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS)-based monitoring device is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, the MEMS-based monitoring device includes a MEMS-based sensing device for obtaining data based on a property of the object and/or area and a power generation device that generates power from an ambient condition of the monitoring device. In this manner, the monitoring device can operate independent of any outside power sources or other devices. Further, the monitoring device can include a transmitter that transmits a signal based on the property. The monitoring device can be used to monitor a moving component of a machine, and can be integrated with a health monitoring system of the machine using one or more relay devices.

Abstract: The system (10) comprises a sensor (18) 90×90×90×30 mm as an electromagnetic microwave cavity (20) with a coupler (22) with a wire (40) and an antenna (42). Cavity (20) produces a response signal (26) in response to an interrogation signal (24) from interrogator (16). Sensor (18) is coupled to a structure (14) to allow a strain to alter the resonance properties. 3.6 GHz is used with a detection of a 2.5 kHz change. If not temperature via strain is detected a mechanical amplifier is used with cavity (20) for temperature compensation. Continuous or intermittent narrowband signals are used as interrogation signals (24). Used with bridges for structural health monitoring. Also for aircrafts, dams, buildings, vehicles.

Abstract: A measurement system having an analyzer unit (2; 102) and at least one replaceable sensor (1; 101). Each sensor has a transponder (13) in which sensor-specific data is stored. The analyzer unit has an antenna (21) for wireless readout of the data stored in the transponder and for wireless transmission of the power required to operate the transponder. The transponder (13) and the antenna of the analyzer unit (2) are further configured to additionally transmit and receive the measurement signal of the sensor (1) wirelessly. The sensor may be accommodated in a connecting unit (32, 52, 62, 72, 112) configured to be secured to a corresponding mating component (41, 56, 66, 76, 116).

Abstract: A golf equipment fitting system that uses advanced technology to not only objectively identify the optimum equipment for the golfer, but to also identify and help correct swing flaws so that the golfer can achieve optimum performance on the golf course. Thus, in one embodiment, golf fitting includes collecting data related to the golfer's swing and determining if the golfer's swing technique should be modified based at least in part on the collected swing data. When it is determined that the golfer's swing technique should be modified, then providing swing instruction to the golfer. When, however, it is determined that the golfer's swing technique is fine, then collecting data related to how the golfer's swing launches a golf ball. Finally, golf equipment, e.g., golf clubs, can be specified based on the collected swing data and launch data.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for use in measurement of applied load at a chainring assemblage of a pedal powered device are provided. The apparatus includes a link adapted for interposition between a chainring attachment site located on a conventional chainring mount, or spider, and a corresponding chainring attachment locale at a conventional chainring. The link has a geometry and/or material composition selected to accommodate measurement of load exhibited between the attachment site and the corresponding chainring attachment locale. Means for measuring the load exhibited thereby is associated with the link.

Abstract: The apparatus and associated method of the present invention remotely detects structural defects in a workpiece by monitoring the electrical continuity of thin crack wires deposited on or within the workpiece in response to a communication from a remote interrogation device. As a crack, delamination or other structural defect forms or propagates in a structural member or other workpiece, a crack wire located in the vicinity of the crack breaks. In addition to the crack wires, the defect sensing apparatus includes a transponder and a discontinuity sensor for detecting a discontinuity along the crack wire. In order to inspect the workpiece, a maintenance technician positions a remote interrogation device in proximity with the workpiece under inspection. The interrogation signals provided by the remote interrogation device are received by the transponder and serve to power the defect sensing apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for contactless interrogation of an sensor integrally disposed with a structure including a pair of coils for coupling signals across a gap between a sensing circuit having a sense coil and an interrogation circuit having an exciter coil connectable to a variable frequency supply, the sensing circuit comprising a circuit for changing current through the sense coil in relation to the sensor output; the interrogation circuit comprising a circuit for detecting current in the exciter coil induced by the sense coil current; and control means for determining the sensor output based on the exciter coil current compensated for the gap.

Abstract: A plurality of individual frames or stampings provided in a sheet strip material by a stamping device are passed in proximity to a sensing device. As each individual frame or stamping is passed in proximity to the sensing device, the sensing device provides a voltage signal to a controller. The voltage signal is proportional to the amount of, or mass of, metallic material in each frame or stamping and the distance between the frame or stamping and the sensing device. The controller generates an individual waveform from the voltage signal for each frame passed in proximity to the sensing device. Each individual waveform is a function of the position of the movable portion of the stamping device for one cycle. As the plurality of individual frames are passed in proximity to the sensing device, a plurality of individual waveforms are generated within the controller. The waveforms are compared within the controller to detect a deviation between waveforms.

Abstract: A chain pull analyzer system including a telemetry unit for sensing the strain experienced by the chain while under load and in operation and for transmitting a radio frequency signal proportional to the strain and a data unit for receiving the radio frequency signal transmitted by the telemetry unit and for producing strain data output based on the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: An alarm-security system for maintaining surveillance of an individual. When unauthorized departure of an individual from a defined secure area is detected, the alarm-security system generates departure signals which are transmitted to a control center where alarm signals are initiated. In one embodiment of the system an alarm-secure band is carried on the person and cannot be removed from the person without generating alarm signals.

Abstract: A torque transducer has a torque transformable shaft 2 with strain guages 10, 12 electrically connected to sliprings 58 separated by spacers 60. A torque related signal is transmittable via the sliprings to a brush arrangement 22 having flexible strips 24 pulled by tension from springs 26 against the periphery of the sliprings 58, with the strips 24 tracked between the spacers 60 onto the sliprings 58.

Abstract: An improved electromagnetic coupling circuit (16) is provided that features a rotor (18) carrying rotary windings (39) rotated by a rotary member (2) within an annular air gap (41) between two magnetic stator sections (34, 34') in which are disposed stator windings (40) and of which at least one of stator sections (34, 34') comprises a plurality of circumferentially-spaced wedge shaped segments (50) mounted upon a support member (27, 27') and having at least a portion of their respective facing edges in electrical contact with each other enabling low cost manufacture of large diameter stator sections.

Abstract: A strain sensor includes a quartz crystal element 9 having a resonant frequency which is dependent on strain imposed on it. The crystal element 9 is caused to vibrate at its resonant frequency by pulses of light transmitted along an optical fibre 5 from a remote location indicated generally at 1. A signal produced by the vibration at the resonant frequency is taken from electrodes 10 and 12 and amplified at 13 and 14 before being used to switch on and off a switch 15 controlling a light source 16. The output from the light source 16, consisting of flashes of light of a frequency indicative of the strain, is transmitted along a second optical fibre 19 and is detected by a photocell 20. The frequency of the output of photocell 20 is measured at 21 to give the desired measurement of strain and to provide feedback to the drive unit 3 which determines the frequency of the flashes of light produced at 2.

Abstract: An improved rotary transducer (60) featuring a rotary member (2) rotatably mounted in a housing (4). Member (2) is preferably provided with a section (8) adapted to enhance measurement of stresses or other parameters of interest imposed upon member (2) under operating conditions preferably by means of one or more strain gages (32) forming one or more legs of a wheatstone bridge preferably mounted on member (2). Excitation voltage for the wheatstone bridge and/or the output voltage therefrom is delivered across an electromagnetic field between a magnetic stator member (16) fixed to housing (4) and a rotor member (18) secured to member (2).

Abstract: A resonator device comprises an elastic beam driven electrostatically at its natural frequency, or an harmonic thereof, by voltage pulses applied to an integral paddle member. The voltage pulses are derived from optical pulses fed via an optical fibre and reflected from the paddle member to a photodiode array. There is thus minimal coupling between the beam and the drive system. A positive feedback loop is provided in which light retroreflected from the paddle member is recaptured by the optical fibre and electronically detected, amplified and fed back in phase with the beam oscillations by modulating the optical pulses.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and recording the tensile stresses experienced by a moving conveyor chain while in use and under load. The system uses strain gauge, signal conditioning and radio technologies to produce an audio signal remote from the actual conveyor and proportional to the tensile stress on the chain.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a mechanism for gauging the expansion of a trawl net in correspondence with the number of fish caught within the trawl. The mechanism includes sensors adapted to be fastened to the .[.masks.]. .Iadd.meshes .Iaddend.of the trawl net in order to sense changes in the geometry of the .[.mask.]. .Iadd.meshes.Iaddend.. Each sensor includes a permanent magnet and a reed contact disposed to be activated by the magnet as a result of a predetermined trawl net expansion, thereby transmitting a signal indicative of such expansion to a detection and indication mechanism located on board an associated trawler.