Abstract: A sensor circuit architecture includes a Wheatstone bridge-type sensing element that includes a plurality of resistors and a plurality of equivalent compensation networks. Each of the plurality of resistors includes one of the plurality of equivalent compensation networks. Each of the plurality of equivalent compensation networks includes at least one digital resistive compensation network configured to provide at least one of the following: variable resistance, digitally controlled variable resistance, digitally controlled resistance, and/or digitally set resistance. The sensor circuit architecture is configured with the at least one digital resistive compensation network to implement at least one of the following: a desired scale of output, a desired offset compensation, and/or a desired temperature compensation.

Abstract: Provided is a roller with pressure sensor. The roller includes a pressure sensor mounted to the roller. The pressure sensor includes a plurality of pressure sensing units distributed on a thin film. The pressure sensing units are electrically connected to each other with a metal wire but not in contact with each other. Also provided is a roll-to-roll device, which includes a roller mechanism and a pressure sensor.

Abstract: Device to determine a size of contact representing a contact state between a compactor roller and a substrate to be compacted, encompassing a compactor roller rotatable in at least one acquisition circumference area around a compactor roller axis and at least one contact sensor generating a contact signal, wherein the contact signal indicates a contact start and a contact end of an acquisition circumference area upon the substrate to be compacted.

Abstract: A measurement arrangement for a shaft mounted in a bearing. The measurement arrangement has a magnetic coding and a receiver. The receiver detects a change of the magnetic field of the magnetic coding when the mounted shaft is subjected to mechanical stress. The measurement arrangement is used in conjunction with a shaft mounted in a rolling or sliding bearing. The magnetic coding is disposed at a front end of a bearing component. Also, a rolling bearing and a bearing ring and a seal are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining a rotative position of an industrial roll includes: (a) providing a rotating industrial roll having a longitudinal axis, the industrial roll having mounted on one end thereof an accelerometer, the industrial roll further including a plurality of sensors; (b) determining a pre-trigger angular position of the roll based on a first gravity vector provided by the accelerometer; then (c) determining a trigger angular position of the roll based on a second gravity vector provided by the accelerometer, the magnitude of the second gravity vector differing from the magnitude of the first gravity vector by more than the magnitude of a typical noise signal; and (d) gathering data from the sensors after the roll has passed the trigger angular position; and (e) matching the data gathered in step (d) with a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors based on the determination of the trigger angular position.

Abstract: A state detection device according to the invention includes a strain gauge that detects a physical state of a tapered roller, and a processing portion that obtains a detection signal that is output from the strain gauge, performs processing on the detection signal, and transmits detection data obtained by performing the processing on the detection signal, to an outside. The strain gauge and the processing portion are accommodated in a through-hole formed at an axis center of the tapered roller.

Abstract: A machine for producing and/or processing a fiber web, in particular a tissue web, includes a press roll and a mating roll which forms a nip with the press roll and the circumferential surface of which has a contour running in the cross-machine direction which, during operation of the machine, changes as compared with when the machine is at a standstill. The press roll has a roll core and a roll cover surrounding the roll core. Multiple pressure and/or temperature sensors are disposed in the roll cover and/or between the roll core and the roll cover. The pressure and/or temperature sensors are spaced apart differently far from one another in the cross-machine direction of the press roll, at least in some areas.

Abstract: A method of determining the width of a nip formed by an industrial roll and a mating structure includes the steps of: providing an industrial roll having a cylindrical core and a polymeric cover surrounding the core, the industrial roll further comprising a plurality of pressure sensors mounted in the roll (optionally distributed in a helical pattern on the roll about a longitudinal axis of the roll); positioning the industrial roll in contact with the mating structure to form a nip; rotating the industrial roll; receiving pressure signals from the plurality of pressure sensors at a controller; and in the controller, utilizing the pressure signals from the pressure sensors to determine the width of the nip at locations on the roll associated with the pressure sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting a rubbing-cloth is provided. The apparatus for inspecting a rubbing-cloth includes: a base-platform provided with a pressure-sensing device on a surface thereof; a supporting-frame; a rubbing-roller, rotatably supported above the surface of the base-platform by means of the supporting-frame, with a rubbing-cloth wrapped around an outer circumference of the rubbing-roller; when the rubbing-roller is rotated, the rubbing-cloth rubs the surface of the base-platform, and the pressure-sensing device can detect pressure-sensing signals of pressure applied by the rubbing-cloth at each of detection-points on the surface of the base-platform.

Abstract: The invention provides a monitoring device (32) for a dryer (10) includes a means for sensing a physical parameter, such as temperature or strain, at a sensing locus within the dryer (10), for example at a vial (20). The sensing means comprises an optical sensing fiber (38) having at least one fiber Bragg grating (54). Moreover, the invention provides a dryer, in particular a freeze dryer (10), which is equipped with such monitoring device (32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a roller mill having a grinding table, at least one grinding roller and at least two drives with a rotor winding for driving the roller mill and at least one adjustment device for adjusting the motor torque of at least one drive, the adjustment device being connected to the rotor winding of at least one drive in order to influence the rotor current.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus and method for inspecting a rubbing-cloth. The apparatus for inspecting a rubbing-cloth comprises: a base-platform provided with a pressure-sensing device on a surface thereof; a supporting-frame; a rubbing-roller, rotatably supported above the surface of the base-platform by means of the supporting-frame, with a rubbing-cloth wrapped around an outer circumference of the rubbing-roller; when the rubbing-roller is rotated, the rubbing-cloth rubs the surface of the base-platform, and the pressure-sensing device can detect pressure-sensing signals of pressure applied by the rubbing-cloth at each of detection-points on the surface of the base-platform.

Abstract: An industrial roll is provided, comprising a transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor that is embedded in the roll cover and/or located in-between the roll cover and the roll core of the industrial roll. The transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor comprises a fiber optical waveguide having a fiber core and a fiber cladding, and a stud element being nonpositively joined to a partial area of the circumferential surface of the fiber optical waveguide. The fiber optical waveguide comprises a Bragg grating located in the fiber core, whereby the dimension of the partial area in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is longer than a grating spacing of the Bragg grating. The partial area is located at a section of the fiber optical waveguide housing the Bragg grating, and at least a first component of the stud element is formed from a first material having a Young's modulus of less than 10 kN/mm2.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical core having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the core outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a first signal carrying member serially connecting a first set of sensors; a second signal carrying member serially connecting a second set of sensors; and a signal processing unit operatively associated with the first and second signal carrying members and configured to selectively monitor the signals provided by the first and second set of sensors.

Abstract: A method of controlling a paving process is disclosed. The method may include mixing at least one sensor within a paving material and dispensing the paving material at a desired location. The method may also include monitoring a wireless signal from the sensor during the paving process. The method may further include controlling the paving process based on the wireless signal.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the preload condition of a vehicle differential gear assembly includes a multi-axis load cell having a spherical load button. The differential assembly is supported by the pinion shaft and the load cell button is positioned within a carrier housing hole. The pinion shaft is then rotated relative to the housing resulting in the housing to rotate along with the pinion shaft and abut against the load button. The resulting force against the button is measured in three orthogonal directions permitting an accurate force vector to be determined. The bearings preload is simultaneously set by applying an axial compressive force against the bearings while the pinion shaft is rotated.

Abstract: A load measuring device for measuring a load acting on an elastically deformable member, has a distance sensor for measuring a length change in response to a deformation of the deformable member under a load. The sensor has a sensing element and a reference element arranged such that a portion of the elastically deformable member is interposed between the sensing element and the reference element. For paper manufacturing or finishing, two members between which the load is measured are cooperating rolls, at least one of which is provided with an elastic cover. One of the rolls includes the sensing element and the other roll includes the reference element. Alternatively, the two members are a roll and a cooperating belt, one having an elastic cover. Also, the sensing element and the reference element may be formed in one and the same member.

Abstract: An industrial roll is provided, comprising a transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor that is embedded in the roll cover and/or located in-between the roll cover and the roll core of the industrial roll. The transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor comprises a fiber optical waveguide having a fiber core and a fiber cladding, and a stud element being nonpositively joined to a partial area of the circumferential surface of the fiber optical waveguide. The fiber optical waveguide comprises a Bragg grating located in the fiber core, whereby the dimension of the partial area in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is longer than a grating spacing of the Bragg grating. The partial area is located at a section of the fiber optical waveguide housing the Bragg grating, and at least a first component of the stud element is formed from a first material having a Young's modulus of less than 10 kN/mm2.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the preload condition of a vehicle differential gear assembly includes a multi-axis load cell having a spherical load button. The differential assembly is supported by the pinion shaft and the load cell button is positioned within a carrier housing hole. The pinion shaft is then rotated relative to the housing resulting in the housing to rotate along with the pinion shaft and abut against the load button. The resulting force against the button is measured in three orthogonal directions permitting an accurate force vector to be determined. The bearings preload is simultaneously set by applying an axial compressive force against the bearings while the pinion shaft is rotated.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical shell having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the shell outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a plurality of sensors embedded in the cover, each sensor configured to sense a data parameter; and a plurality of wireless transceivers, each transceiver connected to a respective sensor and embedded in the cover adjacent thereto. Each wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data signals from the respective sensor. Related methods and systems are also discussed.

Abstract: An antifriction bearing (A) for accommodating rotation about an axis (X) comprises an inner race (2) having a raceway (12), an outer race (4) having a raceway (22), rolling elements (6) positioned between the inner and outer races (2, 4) and contacting the raceways (12, 22) of those races (2, 4) so that when relative rotation occurs between the races (2, 4) the rolling elements (6) roll along the raceways (12, 22), a cage (8) positioned between the inner and outer races (2, 4) and having pockets (40) in which the rolling elements (6) are received with the cage (8) being rotatable between the races (2, 4) as the rolling elements (6) roll along the raceways (12, 22), the outer race (4) having a power transmitting coil (50) and a receiver (60), the cage (8) having a power receiving coil (52), a sensing unit (D) for sensing a condition of the bearing (A), and a transmitter (54) for sending a signal indicative of the sensed condition of the bearing (A) to the receiver (60).

Abstract: A load measuring device for measuring a load acting on an elastically deformable member, has a distance sensor for measuring a length change in response to a deformation of the deformable member under a load. The sensor has a sensing element and a reference element arranged such that a portion of the elastically deformable member is interposed between the sensing element and the reference element. For paper manufacturing or finishing, two members between which the load is measured are cooperating rolls, at least one of which is provided with an elastic cover. One of the rolls includes the sensing element and the other roll includes the reference element. Alternatively, the two members are a roll and a cooperating belt, one having an elastic cover. Also, the sensing element and the reference element may be formed in one and the same member.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical shell having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the shell outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a plurality of sensors embedded in the cover, each sensor configured to sense a data parameter; and a plurality of wireless transceivers, each transceiver connected to a respective sensor and embedded in the cover adjacent thereto. Each wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data signals from the respective sensor. Related methods and systems are also discussed.

Abstract: A system for measuring nip width for a nip present between two rolls includes: (a) a sensor assembly; (b) a resistance-measuring unit that measures an electrical resistance; (c) first and second leads, the first lead being connected to a first strip of the sensor assembly adjacent a first end of the first strip, the second lead being connected to a second strip of the sensor assembly; and (d) a controller operatively associated with the resistance-measuring unit, the controller including computer readable program code, the code including a plurality of data sets, each of the data sets representing a relationship between resistance of a sensor and environmental temperature.

Abstract: A method for measuring a nip pressure and/or a pressure profile is provided, wherein a nip-forming roll is fitted with a pressure sensor under a coating layer which is protective and functions as a spring on top of the sensor, and the nip pressure delivers to the bottom surface of the coating a deformation proportional to the nip pressure and the deformation compresses the sensor, which responds to the deformation by generating an electric signal.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical shell having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the shell outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a plurality of sensors embedded in the cover, each sensor configured to sense a data parameter; and a plurality of wireless transceivers, each transceiver connected to a respective sensor and embedded in the cover adjacent thereto. Each wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data signals from the respective sensor. Related methods and systems are also discussed.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical shell having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the shell outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a plurality of sensors embedded in the cover, each sensor configured to sense a data parameter; and a plurality of wireless transceivers, each transceiver connected to a respective sensor and embedded in the cover adjacent thereto. Each wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data signals from the respective sensor. Related methods and systems are also discussed.

Abstract: In the case of a measuring roller for determining flatness deviations when handling material in strip form, for example when rolling metal strip, the stress distribution is measured over the width of the strip with the aid of piezoelectric sensors, which are arranged in longitudinal recesses of a solid roller at a distance from the casing surface and are wedged there

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for detecting characteristics of an elastic structure (13, 22, 23, 32, 33, 93, 1202, 1302, 1402), said structure being provided with at least one sensor (111, 112, 14, 211, 212, 311, 312, 911, 1211, 1311, 1411) and said system comprising at least one detector (16, 416, 516, 916, 1316, 1416). The sensor comprises a deformable member, which upon deformation generates a signal convertible to a signal representing said characteristic, said sensor further comprises a passive transmitter and said detector a receiver for receiving said signal representing said characteristic.

Abstract: An industrial roll includes: a substantially cylindrical shell having an outer surface; a polymeric cover circumferentially overlying the shell outer surface; and a sensing system. The sensing system includes: a plurality of sensors embedded in the cover, each sensor configured to sense a data parameter; and a plurality of wireless transceivers, each transceiver connected to a respective sensor and embedded in the cover adjacent thereto. Each wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data signals from the respective sensor. Related methods and systems are also discussed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tactile sensing device comprising a tactile sensing layer, a pressure adjusting unit, at least one pressure sensing unit and a control unit. The tactile sensing layer includes a plurality of elastic elements, each of which has an inner space. The pressure adjusting unit coupled to the tactile sensing layer functions to provide and control variation of the pressure in the inner space of each elastic element. The control unit is coupled to the air supply unit and the at least one pressure sensing unit. The control unit is capable of receiving sensing signal from the at least one pressure sensing unit. In addition, the present invention also provides an apparatus whose surface is covered by the tactile sensing device. With the foregoing disclosure, it is capable of detecting the location and magnitude of the force acted on the tactile sensing device disposed on the surface of the apparatus through sensing the variation of pressure occurred in the elastic elements.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention, a system for determining characteristics of two rolls configured in a nip press includes a strip configured to be placed in the nip press. A plurality of sensors embedded in the strip is configured to generate signals representative of the pressure and/or the nip width between the two rolls. Interface circuitry facilitates addressing of individual ones of the plurality of sensors via a data processing system.

Abstract: Devices for measuring a nip width between rolls of a press nip include one or more sensors adapted to be placed in the nip while the nip is stationary. The electrical resistance of each sensor corresponds to the size of the nip width, whereby a nip width or a nip width distribution may be determined by measuring the sensor resistance(s). Methods of measuring a nip width distribution include providing a plurality of force sensitive resistor sensors each of which respond to pressure applied thereto to provide a variable sensor resistance as a function of the amount of pressure and the area of the pressure exerted on the sensor.

Abstract: A revolution speed of balls 8, 8 constituting the outer side row is sensed by a revolution speed sensor 24. Also, a rotation speed of a hub 1a is sensed by a rotation speed sensor 25. A speed ratio as a ratio between a revolution speed and the rotation speed is calculated based on a sensed signal of both sensors 24, 25. When the axial load is changed and then the contact angles of the balls 8, 8 are changed, the revolution speed is changed and in turn the speed ratio is changed. Therefore, the axial load is calculated based on a change of the speed ratio. Accordingly, the configurations that can be manufactured at a low cost and is able to sense the axial load applied between the hub 1a and the outer ring 4a can be realized.

Abstract: A planarity-measuring roller for metallic strip has a plurality of force sensors set in respective outwardly open recesses in a roller body with respective covers overlying the sensors in the recesses, generally flush with an outer surface of the body, and spaced by a gap from the respective recesses. Metal foils overlie the recesses and are adhered to the covers and to the outer surface of the roller body all around the recesses.

Abstract: An antifriction bearing equipped with sensors for measuring the length change in the rolling contact between antifriction elements and the outer ring, region vectors are formed and pass via an interface to an evaluation unit disposed outside the antifriction bearing which add region vectors from the sensors in at least three regions and determines magnitude and direction of force on the bearing.

Abstract: A control system for measuring a gap in an apparatus for pressing a traveling paper web as the paper web travels through the gap accompanied by at least one belt or felt, the apparatus including a press apparatus and a support surface defining a gap therebetween. A frame is provided for moveably supporting the press apparatus. An actuator is operatively disposed between the frame and press apparatus for selectively moving the press apparatus toward and away from the support to control the gap size. A transducer is mounted in either the press apparatus or support for producing a signal indicative of the pressure on the paper web as the paper web, belt and felt pass through the gap beneath the transducer. A controller is operatively linked with the transducer for receiving the signal, determining the measure of the gap as a function of the pressure, and causing the actuator to selectively move the press apparatus to control the gap size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting the stress distribution of metal strips stressed by tension of the strip, comprising a measuring roller (A, B), comprising at least one receptacle (2) formed in the measuring roller body (1) of the measuring roller (A, B), comprising a measuring sensor (6) which sits in the receptacle (2), comprising a force-transmitting element (5) fitting in the receptacle (2), which has a loading shoulder (5b) which acts on the measuring sensor (6), said loading shoulder's cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the receptacle (2), and comprising a cover (7) sitting in the opening of the receptacle (2) said cover's outwardly directed surface is arranged substantially flush to the circumferential surface of the measuring roller body (1) of the measuring roller (A, B) and which is connected to the force-transmitting element by means of a press connection.

Abstract: Devices for measuring a nip width between rolls of a press nip include one or more sensors adapted to be placed in the nip while the nip is stationary. The electrical resistance of each sensor corresponds to the size of the nip width, whereby a nip width or a nip width distribution may be determined by measuring the sensor resistance(s). Methods of measuring a nip width distribution include providing a plurality of force sensitive resistor sensors each of which respond to pressure applied thereto to provide a variable sensor resistance as a function of the amount of pressure and the area of the pressure exerted on the sensor.

Abstract: A bearing assembly which couples a road wheel to a suspension system component on an automotive vehicle includes a hub to which the wheel is attached and a housing which is attached to the suspension system component. The housing has two tapered raceways which surround raceways on cones that are fitted to the hub. Organized in two rows between the raceways of the housing and cones are tapered rollers which roll along the raceways when the wheel rotates. The rollers as they pass over the outer raceway impart minute flexures to the housing and these flexures are monitored by multiple strain sensors on the housing. The strains—and the signals produced by the sensors—reflect conditions at the region of contact between a tire on the road wheel and the road surface over which the tire rolls.

Abstract: Devices for measuring a nip width between rolls of a press nip include one or more sensors adapted to be placed in the nip while the nip is stationary. The electrical resistance of each sensor corresponds to the size of the nip width, whereby a nip width or a nip width distribution may be determined by measuring the sensor resistance(s). Methods of measuring a nip width distribution include providing a plurality of force sensitive resistor sensors each of which respond to pressure applied thereto to provide a variable sensor resistance as a function of the amount of pressure and the area of the pressure exerted on the sensor.

Abstract: In order to provide a tensile testing machine of variously cross-sectioned materials which has a very concise structure to make possible more accurate measurement of tensile force, the testing machine is equipped with two roll stands which have gripping rolls available gripping variously cross-sectioned specimens. One or both of the roll stands are hanging. The machine is also equipped with a device for giving a certain initial load to the load cells placed between the roll stands, if necessary.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring the uniformity of a vehicle tire. A roller (5) drives a vehicle tire (1) that is received on a machine frame (4) via a piezo measuring hub (3). The roller is received by a displaceable slide (10) via a radial bearing (9) and is exclusively supported in the axial direction via force-sensing cells (11).

Abstract: Devices for measuring a nip width between rolls of a press nip include one or more sensors adapted to be placed in the nip while the nip is stationary. The electrical resistance of each sensor corresponds to the size of the nip width, whereby a nip width or a nip width distribution may be determined by measuring the sensor resistance(s). Methods of measuring a nip width distribution include providing a plurality of force sensitive resistor sensors each of which respond to pressure applied thereto to provide a variable sensor resistance as a function of the amount of pressure and the area of the pressure exerted on the sensor.

Abstract: A transfer roll 1 for conveying a strip of substantially flat material from one device to another. The strip passes over the transfer roll as the transfer roll rotates. The transfer roll includes a flat and smooth cylindrical outer skin which comprises at least two cylindrical elements. Between the cylindrical elements is arranged a mean 7 for reducing the mechanical stiffness of the cylindrical skin relative to the stiffness of the remainder of the cylindrical skin 2. Suitable means such as a welded joint 9 of reduced cross sectional thickness compared to the remainder of the cylinder are described. Such means separate the cylinder mechanically into a plurality of measurement areas with a predetermined degree of crosstalk. The transfer roll may be used to measure force or tension in strip material more accurately than with previous devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for measuring flatness of a hot rolled strip based on a contact load of the hot rolled strip to split rolls of a looper in the hot rolling process. The split rolls are assembled in a bracket such that each split roll can be separated from the bracket. A normal-movement control unit for moving the split rolls in the normal direction, and a tangent-movement control unit for moving the split rolls in the tangent direction are porvided at a side of the bracket bearing the split rolls. An impact absorption unit is mounted at a support that is movably connected to the tangent-movement control unit. A pre-pressure application unit is provided at the support to prevent a sensor cap and a load sensor from being released. A heat-shielding ring surrounds the load sensor to prevent the load sensor from being overheated.

Abstract: A transfer roll 1 for conveying a strip of substantially flat material from one device to another. The strip passes over the transfer roll as the transfer roll rotates. The transfer roll includes a flat and smooth cylindrical outer skin which comprises at least two cylindrical elements. Between the cylindrical elements is arranged a means 7 for reducing the mechanical stiffness of the cylindrical skin relative to the stiffness-of the remainder of the cylindrical skin 2. Suitable means such as a welded joint 9 of reduced cross sectional thickness compared to the remainder of the cylinder are described. Such means separate the cylinder mechanically into a plurality of measurement areas with a predetermined degree of crosstalk. The transfer roll may be used to measure force or tension in strip material more accurately than with previous devices.

Abstract: When a passenger distinguishment system is produced, after a seat cover is attached to a seat cushion while applying a tension to the seat cover, a conditioning operation is performed to lessen an adverse effect of the tension with respect to sensitivities of plural sensor cells that are disposed between the sensor cushion and the seat cover. The conditioning operation can disperse the tension of the seat cover, so that the sensor cells can detect loads applied to the seat accurately.

Abstract: A planarity measuring roller is constructed as a loop lifter which is adjustable relative to a rolled strip. The loop lifter includes a plurality of measuring zones located next to one another over the width of the rolled strip. Each measuring zone includes a rotatably mounted individual measuring roller which is pivotable in a clockwise direction and interacts with a force measuring device. Each measuring roller is mounted in a pivotable housing-like lever frame. The pivot point of each lever frame, the point of rotation of the corresponding measuring roller and a force introduction point of the force measuring device arranged underneath of the pivot point of the lever frame form an approximately isosceles triangle.

Abstract: A bearing assembly which couples a road wheel to a suspension system component on an automotive vehicle includes a hub to which the wheel is attached and a housing which is attached to the suspension system component. The housing has two tapered raceways which surround raceways on cones that are fitted on the hub. Organized in two rows between the raceways of the housing and cones are tapered rollers which roll along the raceways when the wheel rotates. The rollers as they pass over the outer raceway impart minute flexures to the housing and these flexures are monitored by multiple strain sensors on the housing. The strains—and the signals produced by the sensors—reflect conditions at the region of contact between a tire on the road wheel and the road surface over which the tire rolls.