Abstract: The present disclosure provides a high-performance integrated strain sensing device that is highly stretchable, rehealable, recyclable and reconfigurable. This device can include dynamic covalent thermoset polyimine as the substrate and encapsulation, eutectic liquid metal alloy as the strain sensing unit and interconnects, and off-the-shelf chip components for measuring and magnifying functions. The device can be attached on the knee, elbow, wrist and finger joints for strain sensing and motion monitoring, and can also be attached on the abdomen to accurately measure respiration cycles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for more efficient utilization of comminution mills. Sensors are provided in the liners placed within the mill shell. The sensors may include RFID tags, liner wear profile sensors (e.g., such as an ultrasonic sensor), an inertial sensor (preferably included both an inclinometer and an accelerometer, and an acoustic sensor, among others. When the liners are installed in the shell, the RFID tag is used to register the location of the liner within the shell. In operation, the information provided by the sensors is collected by a data transmission unit and sent by transmitter over the air to a computer having an antenna and receiver for such data. The data is correlated and the data is reviewable in real time while the mill is in running.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for more efficient utilization of comminution mills. Sensors are provided in the liners placed within the mill shell. The sensors may include RFID tags, liner wear profile sensors (e.g., such as an ultrasonic sensor), an inertial sensor (preferably included both an inclinometer and an accelerometer, and an acoustic sensor, among others. When the liners are installed in the shell, the RFID tag is used to register the location of the liner within the shell. In operation, the information provided by the sensors is collected by a data transmission unit and sent by transmitter over the air to a computer having an antenna and receiver for such data. The data is correlated and the data is reviewable in real time while the mill is in running.

Abstract: The mechanical characterization system includes three main parts: A sub-millinewton resolution capacitive force sensor, at least one micromanipulator with position measurement capabilities, and a microscope. The sensitive axis of the force sensor is adjustably connected via adaptor pieces to the micromanipulator at any angular orientation relative to the sample holder.

Abstract: Force and location sensing systems and methods are disclosed. A method comprises bending a L-beam at an initially unknown location on a force-supporting portion of the L-beam, the L-beam substantially having a tension side and a compression side, measuring a first local stress at a first location on the tension side, measuring a second local stress at a second location on the tension side, measuring a third local stress at a third location on the compression side, and measuring a fourth local stress at a fourth location on the compression side. A weight-sensing storage system capable of tracking removed items is disclosed with a product image captured via a camera, a plurality of sensors on an L-beam, a first signal from the plurality of sensors indicating a first state prior to change of the product image, and a second signal indicating lower strain on the L-beam than the first signal.

Abstract: A displacement sensor having a sensing body, a strain gauge, and a signal processing unit. The sensing body having a diaphragm positioned at a lower surface of the sensing body and an input bar orthogonally fixed at a center of an upper surface of the sensing body. The strain gauge attaches to the diaphragm. The signal processing unit generates an electrical signal based on an output value of the strain gauge corresponding to strain of the diaphragm caused by moment of the input bar.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for detecting molecules and/or substances within a sample based on the use of a microcantilever system. The method comprises the variation of a certain condition such as humidity so as the mechanical feature analyzed varies with a characteristic pattern while the target molecule is bound to the detector. The invention also refers to the system used to carry out such method.

Abstract: A sensor array for measuring the deformation of an area caused by a force, comprises a first strip and a second strip arranged in the same plane on the area so as to form a tunnel junction of which at least the first strip is movably arranged on the area so that the gap between the two strips is increased when the area is deformed as a result of the action of the force.

Abstract: Force and location sensing systems and methods are disclosed. A method comprises bending a L-beam at an initially unknown location on a force-supporting portion of the L-beam, the L-beam substantially having a tension side and a compression side, measuring a first local stress at a first location on the tension side, measuring a second local stress at a second location on the tension side, measuring a third local stress at a third location on the compression side, and measuring a fourth local stress at a fourth location on the compression side. A weight-sensing storage system capable of tracking removed items is disclosed with a product image captured via a camera, a plurality of sensors on an L-beam, a first signal from the plurality of sensors indicating a first state prior to change of the product image, and a second signal indicating lower strain on the L-beam than the first signal.

Abstract: A force sensor utilizing force sensing element to generate an output signal that is commensurate with the force applied to the sensor. The force sensor includes a support element coupled to a resilient deflectable portion and at least one pivotable arm portion extending from the resilient deflectable portion; and a force sensing element supported by the base element and operably coupled to the at least one pivotable arm portion, wherein the force sensing element outputs an output signal that is proportional to a force applied to the at least one pivotable arm portion. The force sensor may be used a mass flow meter by coupling a fluid passage to the force sensor. The structure of the force sensor makes use of mechanical amplification to greatly increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

Abstract: Determining a repairing form of a defect at or close to an edge of a substrate. The defect may be scanned with a scanning probe microscope to determine a three-dimensional contour of the defect. The defect may be scanned with a scanning particle microscope to determine the shape of the at least one edge of the substrate. The repairing form of the defect may be determined from a combination of the three-dimensional contour and the shape of the at least one edge.

Abstract: A sensor for quantitative testing electromechanical properties and microstructure of nano-materials and a manufacturing method for the sensor are provided. The sensor comprises a suspended structure, pressure-sensitive resistor cantilevers, support beams, bimetallic strip and other components. When the bimetallic strip produces bending deformation, one of the pressure-sensitive resistor cantilevers is actuated and then stretches the low-dimensional nano-materials which drive the other pressure-sensitive resistor cantilever to bend. Through signal changes are outputted by the Wheatstone bridge, the variable stresses of low-dimensional nano-materials are obtained. Meanwhile, the variable strains of low-dimensional nano-materials are obtained by the horizontal displacements between two cantilevers, so the stress-strain curves of low-dimensional nano-materials are worked out. When the low-dimensional nano-materials are measured in the power state, the voltage-current curves are also obtained.

Abstract: A force sensor for detecting at least a force acting in a longitudinal direction of a catheter or guide wire, the force sensor comprising a force pick-up for detecting the force, wherein the force pick-up comprises: a base body with an end face, wherein the base body includes at least one cutout, wherein the cutout causes an asymmetry of the base body relative to the longitudinal direction of the catheter or guide wire upon flexing of the base body upon force Fz loading thereon from an axial direction, wherein the end face includes a surface area that is substantially greater than the cross-sectional area of the base body in the region of the cutout, but not substantially smaller than the cross-section of the rest of the base body. A method for using this force sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: The above described preferred embodiments are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention. Various other embodiments and modifications to these preferred embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Abstract: A passenger distinguishing apparatus is provided. The passenger distinguishing apparatus includes: a weight detection sensor that is assembled in a vehicle seat to detect a passenger's weight; and a first bracket and a second bracket that assemble the weight detection sensor in the seat, wherein the weight detection sensor has a length direction in a horizontal direction of the seat, and a first damper for absorbing assembling tolerance of the weight detection sensor is disposed between the first bracket and the weight detection sensor. Therefore, assembling tolerance can be absorbed with minimum parts, production can be improved, contact noise can be reduced, and a weight and cost can be reduced.

Abstract: An assembly of microcantilever-based sensors with enhanced deflections. A deflection profile of an ?-assembly can be compared with that of a rectangular microcantilever and a modified triangular microcantilever. Various force-loading conditions can also be considered. A theorem of linear elasticity for thin beams is utilized to obtain the deflections. The obtained defections can be validated against an accurate numerical solution utilizing a finite element method with a maximum deviation of less than 10 percent. The ?-assembly produces larger deflections than the rectangular microcantilever under the same base surface stress and same extension length. Also, the ?-microcantilever assembly produces a larger deflection than a modified triangular microcantilever. The deflection enhancement increases as the ?-assembly's free length decreases for various types of force loading conditions.

Abstract: A load cell for measuring extremely low level, anisotropic biaxial loads is disclosed. The system includes at least one load cell of a specific geometry and dimension which, when mounted, provides a rotationless system accurately transmitting both normal and shearing strains to strain gauges mounted thereon. More specifically, by shaping the load cell so as to concentrate the strains imposed thereon, detection of extremely minute loads, such as coefficients of friction, can be measured.

Abstract: An actuator apparatus (10) for operation of at least one foot pedal (8) of a motor vehicle (4) has at least one operating element (12) that is drivable for pressure application to the foot pedal (8) by means of an actuator (14), and a force sensor (16), by means of which a pressure-application force that can be generated at a contact surface (20) of the operating element (12) can be detected. Provision is made in this arrangement that the contact surface (20) is formed by a pressure-application plate (18) and that the force sensor (16) is disposed on a side (22) of the pressure-application plate (18) facing away from the contact surface (20).

Abstract: A force sensor utilizing force sensing element to generate an output signal that is commensurate with the force applied to the sensor. The force sensor includes a support element coupled to a resilient deflectable portion and at least one pivotable arm portion extending from the resilient deflectable portion; and a force sensing element supported by the base element and operably coupled to the at least one pivotable arm portion, wherein the force sensing element outputs an output signal that is proportional to a force applied to the at least one pivotable arm portion. The force sensor may be used a mass flow meter by coupling a fluid passage to the force sensor. The structure of the force sensor makes use of mechanical amplification to greatly increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

Abstract: A force sensor for detecting at least a force acting in a longitudinal direction of a catheter or guide wire, the force sensor comprising a force pick-up for detecting the force, wherein the force pick-up comprises: a base body with an end face, wherein the base body includes at least one cutout, wherein the cutout causes an asymmetry of the base body relative to the longitudinal direction of the catheter or guide wire upon flexing of the base body upon force Fz loading thereon from an axial direction, wherein the end face includes a surface area that is substantially greater than the cross-sectional area of the base body in the region of the cutout, but not substantially smaller than the cross-section of the rest of the base body. A method for using this force sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a mechanochemical sensor including a minute mechanical structure body having the functional membrane formed at least on one part of its surface, a supporting part for supporting the minute mechanical structure body; and a detection part for detecting the change of a mechanical property of the minute mechanical structure body. According to the invention, it is possible to provide improved adhesion between the functional membrane and the minute mechanical structure body since the functional membrane is integrally formed in advance on the minute mechanical structure body, which will contribute to the increase of detection signal, and improvement of measurement precision and sensitivity.

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: In a load measuring mechanism capable of easily adjusting a positional deviation error by means of a positional deviation error adjusting portion, a load receiving portion 3 is connected to a substrate portion 2 by means of parallel link portions 4a, 4b via flexures 5a-5d, a finely deformable portion 2a is provided at an upper portion of the substrate portion 2, and the flexure 5a is coupled with the deformable portion 2a. Positional deviation error adjusting portions 10 are provided on both sides of the substrate portion 2, a base portion 12 of the positional deviation error adjusting portion 10 is connected to a first lever 13 via a fulcrum 15, and the first lever 13 is coupled with a second lever 14 via a flexible portion 16. When a distance between the base portion 12 and the first lever 13 is increased by rotating an adjusting bolt 11, this displacement is transferred to an end 14a of the second lever 14.

Abstract: A cantilever control device is provided that can prevent, in an atomic force microscope, self-excited oscillation of a cantilever from stopping and prevent a probe of the cantilever from coming into contact with a measurement object. In the atomic force microscope, a cantilever control device 1 is constituted from a cantilever 10 having a probe 12, an actuator 20 that causes self-excited oscillation in the cantilever 10, an oscillation velocity detector 30 that detects the oscillation velocity of the cantilever 10, a displacement calculator 32 that calculates the oscillation displacement of the cantilever 10, and a controller 40 that generates a signal for driving the actuator 20. A feedback control signal S is represented as (K?G·x2)·dx/dt, where x is the oscillation displacement of the cantilever 10, dx/dt is the oscillation velocity of the cantilever 10, and both K and G are feedback gains of a positive value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for discriminating the kind of a sheet material, comprising: a substrate having a recessed portion; a press member situated so that a sheet material can be deflected using the recessed portion; a support member that is deformed as the sheet material situated to cover the recessed portion is pressed by the press member and thereby deflected; and a sensor for detecting the deformation amount of the support member, wherein the kind of the sheet material is discriminated on the basis of detecting the deformation amount of the support member by the sensor.

Abstract: An exemplary weighing module is disclosed which has a load receiver and a weighing cell that are connected to each other by a force-transmitting rod, wherein the weighing module is arranged inside a design space whose dimensions in a plane extending orthogonal to the load direction are limited by the design spaces occupied by neighboring weighing cells or represent the largest dimension of the weighing cell in said plane. An exemplary weighing cell has a parallel-guiding mechanism in which at least one movable parallel leg which is connected to the force-transmitting rod and at least one stationary parallel leg are arranged with a predefined guiding distance from each other, connected to each other by at least one upper parallel-guiding member and at least one lower parallel-guiding member. The effective length of the parallel-guiding members is larger than the guiding distance, and the movable parallel leg does not protrude out of the design space.

Abstract: An active micro-force sensor is provided for use on a micromanipulation device. The active micro-force sensor includes a cantilever structure having an actuator layer of piezoelectric material and a sensing layer of piezoelectric material bonded together. When an external force is exerted on the sensor, the sensor deforms and an applied force signal is recorded by the sensing layer. The applied force signal is then fed back to the actuating layer of the sensor via a servoed transfer function or servo controller, so that a counteracting deformation can be generated by the bending moment from the servoed actuating layer to quickly balance the deformation caused by the external micro-force.

Abstract: In a force-transmitting device of a force-measuring cell with a parallel-guiding mechanism in which a stationary parallelogram leg and a movably guided parallelogram leg are connected to each other by parallelogram guides, at least one of the parallelogram legs has a fastening part with at least two fastening portions. Each fastening portion has a fastening pad with a tapped hole normal to the fastening pad surface, for fastening the device to a housing or a load carrier. The parallelogram leg has slot-shaped incisions that serve to uncouple the fastening portions from the rest of the parallelogram leg, so as to prevent the propagation of assembly stresses from the fastening portions into the working parts of the force-measuring cell.

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: In a force-transmitting device of a force-measuring cell with a parallel-guiding mechanism in which a stationary parallelogram leg and a movably guided parallelogram leg are connected to each other by parallelogram guides, each of the parallelogram legs has a fastening part with at least two fastening portions. The fastening portions have fastening pads with tapped holes running perpendicular to the fastening pad surfaces, so that a load carrier can be bolted to the force-transmitting device and/or the device can be fastened to a housing. The parallelogram legs have slot-shaped incisions that serve to uncouple the fastening portions from the rest of the parallelogram leg, so as to prevent the propagation of assembly stresses from the fastening portions into the working parts of the force-measuring cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for discriminating the kind of a sheet material, comprising: a substrate having a recessed portion; a press member situated so that a sheet material can be deflected using the recessed portion; a support member that is deformed as the sheet material situated to cover the recessed portion is pressed by the press member and thereby deflected; and a sensor for detecting the deformation amount of the support member, wherein the kind of the sheet material is discriminated on the basis of detecting the deformation amount of the support member by the sensor.

Abstract: Blast pressure gauges and methods for detecting blast pressure during a blast test. The gauges operate independently of power sources, are portable, and are used in harsh environments including test ranges. Each embodiment is constructed to detect blast pressures as required in the circumstances of a particular blast test.

Abstract: The present invention involves a vehicle for passengers having a passenger safety system. The system has a crash sensor, a vehicle seat with a weight sensor assembly, an air bag and an air bag controller. The crash sensor is capable of providing a signal when the vehicle experiences an impact force of a predetermined magnitude. The vehicle seat is capable of supporting a vehicle occupant, with a seat frame member attached to a vehicle floor pan. The seat frame member has a rigid end and a resiliently flexible end, the resiliently flexible end able to resiliently deflect with respect to the vehicle floor pan upon experiencing a force due to the weight of the vehicle occupant. The sensor assembly has a cantilevered beam, a fulcrum, and a sensing device.

Abstract: An improved microforce sensing system is provided. The microforce sensing system includes: a force sensor configured to detect a contact force exerted on a contact tip of the cantilever and operable to generate a signal indicative of the contact force, where the cantilever is constructed from a polyvinylidene fluoride material in the form of a substantially rectangular plate or other suitable shapes; and a processing circuit adapted to receive the signal from the force sensor and operable to determine the contact force exerted on the tip by integrating the signal from the force sensor.

Abstract: There is provided a mechanochemical sensor including a minute mechanical structure body having the functional membrane formed at least on one part of its surface, a supporting part for supporting the minute mechanical structure body; and a detection part for detecting the change of a mechanical property of the minute mechanical structure body. According to the invention, it is possible to provide improved adhesion between the functional membrane and the minute mechanical structure body since the functional membrane is integrally formed in advance on the minute mechanical structure body, which will contribute to the increase of detection signal, and improvement of measurement precision and sensitivity.

Abstract: A load cell type weight measuring device includes a load cell formed of a strain member provided with a plurality of strain gauges and deforming according to a load applied to a load receptacle. The load cell type weight measuring device converts an output of a Wheatstone bridge circuit formed of the respective strain gauges into a weight value to display. Two weight receptacles are attached to the strain member. It is arranged such that when a load is applied to one of the load receptacles, a strain at a portion of the strain member provided with the strain gauges becomes smaller than that when the load is applied to the other of the load receptacles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a strain-sensitive resistor, comprising a resistance layer arranged on a support element and an electromechanical transducer produced with this resistor. An increase in the electrical measured signal picked off across the resistor is achieved in a simple way by the support element (1) having a recess (7) on its surface (9) which, when the support element (1) is subjected to mechanical stress in at least one area of the surface (9) of the support element (1) in which the resistance layer (4) is positioned, produces a ratio between the two main strain directions (L, T) of the resistance layer (4) which differs in magnitude.

Abstract: A load sensor hardly causing error in weight measurement even when the environmental temperature of the load sensor varies, and a seat weight measuring apparatus using the load sensor. The sensor includes a plurality of strain gauges form a bridge circuit. The strain gauges forming the bridge circuit are attached to the front and back surfaces of a base plate at substantially the same location. Portions of a flexible substrate, on which the strain gauges are formed, are folded and adhered to the back of the sensor plate with adhesive. The bridge circuit formed by the strain gauges compensates for the variation in resistance among the strain gauges generated due to the temperature distribution of the base plate, resulting in little or no variation in output.

Abstract: An occupant classification sense element is provided. The sense element has a body having a center portion, a first attachment portion connected to the center portion by a first flexible beam, and a second attachment portion connected to the center portion by a second flexible beam. First and second strain sensing elements are attached to the first flexible beam and third and fourth strain sensing elements are attached to the second flexible beam. The first, second, third and fourth strain sensing elements cooperate to produce an electrical signal indicative of a force deflecting the first and second flexible beams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a precision load cell with an elastic body comprising a base end, a load or force receiving part and two or more beams connecting said base end and said load or force receiving part. At least one of the beams constitutes a lever connecting the load or force receiving part and a flexible wall of a sensor cavity placed in the base end. The flexible wall is adapted for undergoing deformation as the result of a displacement of the load or force receiving part through an action of the lever, and the sensor means are adapted for measuring the deformation of the flexible wall or the strain in the flexible wall.

Abstract: A weighing apparatus for measuring a weight of an article including a Roberval mechanisms; a first load converting unit including a load receiving portion operationally coupled with a load receiving portion of the Roberval mechanism and a plurality of levers connected in series, a second load converting unit formed by a second Roberval mechanism whose load receiving portion is operationally coupled with the last lever of said first load converting unit, and a load sensor unit including a load receiving portion operationally coupled with the load receiving portion of the second load converting section and a load sensor coupled with said load receiving portion of the load sensor unit, wherein the load applied to said load receiving portion of the Roberval mechanism is enlarged or reduced by the levers of the second load converting section and a thus enlarged or reduced load is applied to the load sensor.

Abstract: A method to compensate for stress deflection in a compound microprobe that includes a substrate, a microcantilever extending outwardly from the substrate, and a film formed on the microcantilever. The method preferably comprises the steps of determining an amount of stress-induced deflection of the microcantilever, and then mounting the microprobe so as to compensate for the stress-induced deflection. The mounting step preferably includes selecting a compensation piece based upon the amount of stress-induced deflection, where the compensation piece is a wedge generally aligning the microcantilever with a deflection detection apparatus. In general, the step of selecting the compensation piece includes correcting an angle between a longitudinal axis of the microcantilever and the substrate so as to insure that light reflected from the microcantilever during operation contacts a detector of a deflection detection apparatus.

Abstract: An improved microforce sensing system is provided. The microforce sensing system includes: a force sensor configured to detect a contact force exerted on a contact tip of the cantilever and operable to generate a signal indicative of the contact force, where the cantilever is constructed from a polyvinylidene fluoride material in the form of a substantially rectangular plate or other suitable shapes; and a processing circuit adapted to receive the signal from the force sensor and operable to determine the contact force exerted on the tip by integrating the signal from the force sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor comprising one or more sensor units, wherein at least one of the sensor units is in the form of a poly-cantilever structure. The poly-cantilever structure comprise two or more cantilever-like structures, at least one of the cantilever-like structures comprises a piezoresistive element, and at least one of the cantilever-like structures comprises a capture surface, at least one cantilever-like structure with a piezoresistive element designated a piezoresistive cantilever being connected in an amplifying connection to at least one of the cantilever-like structure with a capture surface designated a capture surface cantilever. The amplifying connection being provided so that a deflection of said capture surface cantilever due to a stress generated at said capture surface being capable of deflecting the connected piezoresistive cantilever. The sensor can be used for detection of a target substance in a fluid, such as a gas or a liquid.

Abstract: A load limiting device for a jib extension includes a pivotal insert adjacent the tip of the jib extension, a cable sheave mounted on the insert, a force measuring device for measuring forces imposed upon the insert by a load on the cable, an angle transducer for measuring the angle of orientation, and means for determining, based upon such force and angle of orientation, the load on the jib extension.

Abstract: The proof body for a weighing apparatus is comprised of a profiled segment and it includes a measuring beam (9) joined at each one of its ends to a respective wing (10a, 10b) which extend substantially perpendicularly to the measuring beam (9) and of which the free side faces (11a, 11b) provide abutment faces. It further includes an abutment beam (13) which is parallel to the measuring beam (9) and which is connected thereto via two ribs (14), this abutment beam (13) being also connected to each one of the wings (10a, 10b) by a web (15) which is substantially parallel to the measuring beam (9). Under such circumstances, a strain gauge (18) affixed beneath the measuring beam (9) is subjected only to contraction strains when a force is applied beneath the abutment beam (13).

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: The hermetically sealed measuring sensor includes a monolithic proof body having at its ends a first and a second non-deformable parts connected together by a central part designed as a deformable parallelogram. This central part has two through openings defining between them a main beam of which at least one end is joined via a connecting section to a measuring beam which performs one piece with a non-deformable part of the proof body, but is uncoupled mechanically there from. At least one of the non-deformable parts has at least one cavity of which one wall is formed by the measuring beam and by two membranes situated one on each side of this measuring beam. Strain gauges are fixed inside the cavity on the back of the measuring beam and the cavity is closed by a cover which is welded, bonded, or fixed tightly to the corresponding non-deformable part.

Abstract: A load sensor hardly causing error in weight measurement even when the environmental temperature of the load sensor varies, and a seat weight measuring apparatus using the load sensor. The sensor includes a plurality of strain gauges form a bridge circuit. The strain gauges forming the bridge circuit are attached to the front and back surfaces of a base plate at substantially the same location. Portions of a flexible substrate, on which the strain gauges are formed, are folded and adhered to the back of the sensor plate with adhesive. The bridge circuit formed by the strain gauges compensates for the variation in resistance among the strain gauges generated due to the temperature distribution of the base plate, resulting in little or no variation in output.

Abstract: A load cell having overload protection wherein a central cantilever beam is provided between the sensing beams in the load cell structure and is bounded by slots of narrow gap width. When an excess load is applied, the load cell structure is deformed and contacts the cantilever beam to transfer the load thereto. The gap width determines the amount of applied load which initiates the protection.