Abstract: A method for measuring corrosion comprising the steps of positioning a smart plug in a plug of a plug sheet of a side plate of a heat exchanger, wherein the smart plug comprises a wireless transmitter and an ultrasonic sensor, wherein the wireless transmitter portion of the smart plug is external to the heat exchanger, wherein the smart plug extends through the side plate such that the ultrasonic sensor contacts a tube positioned in the tube sheet, emitting sound waves from the ultrasonic sensor such that sound waves travel down the tube contacted by the ultrasonic sensor; measuring wall thickness in the tube to produce wall thickness measurement data, wherein the sound waves return to the ultrasonic sensor in the presence of corrosion; and transmitting the wall thickness measurement data from the wireless transmitter of the smart plug.

Abstract: A system includes a slurry pipe and a pipe liner disposed within an inner diameter of the slurry pipe. At least one redundant transducer wear ladder sensor is disposed within the pipe liner. A computer controller is operatively coupled to the at least one redundant transducer wear ladder sensor via a flexible ribbon cable. A radio-wave transmitter is operatively coupled to the computer controller. A radio-wave receiver is operatively coupled to the computer controller. A power source is operatively coupled to the radio-wave transmitter and to the radio-wave receiver.

Abstract: A measurement indication method and an apparatus to indicate difference between a measured result taken by a medical measurement instrument and a normal digital value according to medical theory. The medical measurement instrument includes at least a measurement element, a power supply, at least one processing unit and the apparatus to implement the measurement indication method. The apparatus includes a plurality of indication lamps capable of emitting light of three or more colors. The number and lighting color of the indication lamps can be changed sequentially according to the difference of the measured digital value and a normal digital value range. Thereby users can easily determine the difference between the measured result and the normal value. And the measured value can be indicated in graphics.

Abstract: One oscillator of a dual type ultrasonic probe generates an ultrasonic pulse and receives a surface reflection wave and a boundary face reflection wave from a coated plate. Another oscillator receives a bottom reflection wave from the coated plate. As a result, these reflection waves can be received at high levels, and reception times of the boundary face reflection wave and the bottom reflection wave can be accurately discriminated. Therefore, the thickness of the plate alone can be accurately calculated from the difference in reception times.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the wall thickness of a workpiece by ultra-sound is disclosed. For measuring the wall thickness, it is necessary to determine the time interval between a surface echo occurring during irradiation by ultra-sound and a rear wall echo. According to the present invention, a saw tooth generator generates a saw tooth signal including a sequence of saw teeth when the surface echo occurs. Each of the saw teeth causes a counting pulse to be generated. Upon occurrence of the rear wall echo, the instantaneous amplitude value of the saw tooth signal is measured and the number of counting pulses is recorded by a counter. Each counting pulse defines a constant unit of wall thickness. The amplitude value provides a fraction of such wall thickness unit.

Abstract: Method for the digital peak value measurement for ultrasonic test pulses having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency. After amplification, the input signal to be measured is present at a comparator circuit the output of which is connected, within a predetermined time slot, periodically generated, for the expected signal time range, to a memory which is reset at the beginning of the time slot. The received signal is applied to a window comparator the window width of which corresponds to one voltage step of a reference voltage which is supplied by a D/A converter and which can be changed in steps. The D/A converter is controlled by a digital counter the direction of counting of which is controlled in dependence on the memory contents and which is stopped in the case of equality between the received signal within the time slot and the respective reference voltage. The display is derived from the final count.

Abstract: A defect-responsive echo signal received by a transducer for transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic pulse beam is converted into a digital echo signal by an analog-to-digital converter. The amplitude of the digital echo signal is amended with compensation data stored in correspondence with lapsed times after the ultrasonic pulse beam has been transmitted from the transducer, and an amended echo signal is delivered. The amended echo signal is applied to maximum amplitude value-memory means. First decision means compares a stored value m of the memory means and the amended echo signal delivered anew n.sub.i, and alters the stored value of the memory means to n.sub.i when n.sub.i >m holds. Second decision means compares a value m' obtained by attenuating the value m and the value n.sub.i, and delivers the stored value m of the memory means as the peak value of the defect-responsive echo when n.sub.i <m' holds and besides n.sub.i <m holds.

Abstract: A probe unit including a plurality of ultrasonic fault detection probes is moved along an object to be examined by a probe drive unit. The fault detection signals produced by the probes are transfer switched among a plurality of channels of a channel selector and the output of the channel selector is sampled by a high speed sampling device. A computer is connected to the probe drive unit, channel selector and the sampling device to apply operating signals thereto and to receive the outputs thereof.

Abstract: A pulse echo ultrasonic system is provided for medical diagnosis, and the like, which has particular application to echocardiography, and which includes a digital memory for presenting a rolling dynamic display in shades of gray on the screen of a cathode-ray tube scanned in accordance with present-day television standards, and which may be interfaced with present-day video tape recorders. The system of the invention involves a time extrapolating function which serves to expand the effective memory capacity when used in a selective mode applicable to echocardiography, and certain other bio-medical areas, such as scintillation camera displays, and other radiographic displays used in the area of medicine.

Abstract: A residual tire life prediction system uses a clock to trigger a bang generator that provides pulses of electrical energy to a pulse-echo transducer. The transducer converts pulses of electrical energy to pulses of ultrasonic vibration. The transducer is located on the tread of a steel belted tire to transmit pulses of ultrasonic energy into the tire and to receive reflected ultrasonic energy from plies of the tire casing. The transducer converts the reflected ultrasonic energy to provide bursts of electrical signals. The transducer is connected to a time varying gain control circuit that has its output connected via a full-wave rectifier to a first gate and to an input of a voltage level detector.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flaw detector having a probe for transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic wave, a receiver for producing an electric signal in response to the ultrasonic signal from the probe, a plurality of gates and a counter having a corresponding number of independent display elements for indication of detected results. In this case, the detected result can be indicated without using a cathode ray tube.

Abstract: In a system of analysis of an object or a body by means of "transgraphy" i.e. of radiography by transmission, wherein a receiver transducer and a transmitter transducer are linearly and angularly synchronously displaced, the signal supplied by the receiver transducer modulates one characteristic magnitude--intensity or velocity--of the spot of an electronic tube including a charge storage and memory element, while one line scanned by said spot corresponds to a fixed position of the assembly of transmitter and receiver transducers.