Abstract: Sampling mould for drawing samples of molten material from pools of molten materials, e.g. steel samples, and consisting of two parts of which at least one is provided with a recess which forms a specimen, said two parts being located and fastened to each other, and an entrance passage which through a channel permits the molten metal to flow into the recess, wherein at least one cavity, which forms a hollow of a fixed size, is provided in at least one of said two parts, said cavity or cavities being connected to the hollow forming the specimen through a channel.

Abstract: Molten metal sampling devices and methods in which a pair of mold halves, held together with a spring clip provide a sample having a generally large portion with a stem and a pair of smaller laterally offset smaller portions joined to the larger portion by thin severable connecting elements. Cylindrical and "T" shaped deoxidizing elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: A single piece ceramic body has an inlet chamber, an inlet duct and a disc-shaped cavity, that latter cavity is, as far as the body is concerned, of open construction but the opening is closed by a plug. That plug may contain one or two thermo elements, and the inlet chamber may be constructed as an opening with a partitioning sheet or as a duct system with a lateral port and a slag trapping dome. The mold cavity has also venting opening.

Abstract: Molten metal sampling device for and method of sampling molten unkilled metal, especially steel, to produce a sound, non-porous, solidified test sample suitable for analysis in which metallic germanium is present in the sampling device in a quantity sufficient to kill the molten metal of the sample.

Abstract: A molten metal sample cup is provided with temperature sensing means to detect phase change in the metal within the cup as a metal sample solidifies. A blob of material which promotes the formation carbides is attached to the inside of the cup to contact the molten metal therein. The blob material comprises a carbide stabilizer selected from the group consisting of bismuth, boron, cerium, lead, magnesium and tellurium, a refractory material and a hydrogen evolving material.

Abstract: A thermocouple protecting tube substantially has a duplicate tube construction wherein the inner ceramic protecting tube which contains a thermocouple element is concentrically enclosed by an outer protecting pipe which is of high thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: A stream sampler includes split metal mold halves for forming a disc sample and a pin sample tube which extends through the walls of the disc mold into the interior of the disc to provide a pin sample which has little or no decarburization and thus, more representative of the metal being sampled and closer in correlation in carbon percent to the disc sample. The pin sample tube is enclosed by a heat resistant insulative glass sleeve which extends beyond the end of the pin sample tube. The extension enhances filling of the pin sample tube by capillary action and provides a reservoir of metal to isolate the remote end of the pin sample from air and minimize decarburization.

Abstract: The entrance on a sampling device for molten metal is defined in part by a tube made from a deoxidizing agent such as aluminum. The tube melts as a sample of molten bath passes therethrough to a collecting chamber so that all portions of the sample are deoxidized uniformly.

Abstract: A sampler for taking a sample of molten metal from any source of molten metal includes a mold having a mold cavity with a fill passage and a flow diverter located within the mold cavity which causes turbulent flow of the molten metal as it enters the mold cavity to provide good mixing of the deoxidant and eliminate structural voids in the sample. In one embodiment, a pin sample tube has its inner end located in the path of flow from the fill passage to cause disruption of the normal flow patterns and provide the desired uniform sample.

Abstract: A molten metal sampler that is provided with a chamber that can be evacuated and is adapted to hold the vacuum until it is to be placed in operation. When the sampler is contacted by the molten metal, a seal holding the vacuum will disintegrate to permit passage of the molten metal into the evacuated chamber.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an embodiment of an apparatus for taking samples from a flowing stream of molten metal. The apparatus comprises a container defining a sample mold cavity having a flat mold sample chamber and a pin sample chamber that are interconnected. The apparatus is so designed that a sample tube communicating with the mold cavity can be placed in the stream of molten metal to fill the cavity with a quantity of sample metal. The apparatus is externally ribbed to facilitate slidable housing in a suitable protective shield so that the sample tube may be selectively exposed for use in drawing a sample. The sample tube, mold sample chamber and pin sample chamber define a flow path which creates a turbulent flow of molten metal in the sample chambers thereby to equalize the carbon content of the sample metal in both the pin sample and mold sample chambers.

Abstract: A measuring or sampling probe is to be lowered to a desired depth in molten metal. The probe is mounted on a tiltable elongate probe-carrier which can be lowered and raised. The probe-carrier is telescopic, its length being adjustable between given limits.

Abstract: A measuring or sampling probe is to be lowered to a desired depth in a molten metal. The probe is mounted on a probe carrier which can be lowered and raised. A contact detector, which emits a control signal when the detector comes into contact with the upper surface of the molten metal, is fixed on the probe carrier at a distance above the probe.

Abstract: The invention involves providing a device or devices whereby one or more samples of liquid, such as molten metal, may be readily obtained from a mass or stream thereof.

Abstract: An improved measuring lance to be inserted into a bath of molten metal, for example, molten steel, is disclosed having thermocouples on its tip end and in its receptacle chamber, respectively. The lance is provided with means to discharge air from inside a cover for a thermocouple in a receptacle chamber. A deoxidation chamber made of steel may be provided in the lance. Means to spray gas from around the connector of the lance may also be provided. These means assure accurate measuring of the temperature, composition, etc. of the bath.

Abstract: The invention involves providing a device or sampler for obtaining a sample of a hot liquid, such as molten metal.

Abstract: The invention involves providing a unique device and method of obtaining a sample of liquid, such as molten metal, preferably from a stream thereof. The device embodies improvements with respect to structural characteristics and dimensional factors with regard to components through which the liquid flows, including the disposition and use of buffer means and/or deoxidizing means in the flow path of the liquid.

Abstract: A receptacle for extracting a sample of molten metal from a furnace while the metal is in the furnace or is being poured from it. The receptacle is formed of a mineral fiber or other suitable material having high heat insulating qualities with a portion of the wall of the receptacle being formed of a material that is a relatively good conductor of heat. The proportion of insulating material to good heat conducting material is such as to obtain the desired control of the solidification of the metal by preventing premature chilling and thereby improving the quality of the sample. The good heat conductor preferably presents a smooth surface to obtain a corresponding smooth surface on the metal sample to facilitate processing it in the metallurgical laboratory.

Abstract: A method of sampling a stream of molten material, such as slag, matte, or the like, by moving a cooled sampling arm through the stream to pick up a coating of solidified molten material as a sample, and recovering the sample by collecting pieces of the coating as it contracts and breaks apart. Apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a sampling arm, means for cooling the arm, means for moving the cooled arm through a stream of molten material, and means for recovering the broken coating sample. In preferred forms of the apparatus, a hollow sampling arm is internally cooled continuously and comes to rest over a sample recovery bin or other receiving means for recovering the broken pieces of the coating sample as it contracts and the pieces fall off by gravity.

Abstract: A molten metal vacuum-type sampler for taking samples of molten metal from the mold used in an electroslag refining process while opposite voltages are applied across the electrode and the mold, the sampler being a box-shaped hollow body with a silica tube extending downwardly therefrom to be inserted through the slag cover into the molten metal for a few seconds to draw a metal sample into the hollow space of the sampler. The sampler has two insulation boards on opposite sides overlapping the sides to prevent an electrically conductive contact of the sampler with the nearby surfaces of the mold and the electrode. An insulated pipe attached to the top of the sampler forms a handle in its upper aspect and connects conduits and a valve optionally to an argon gas source or a vacuum reservoir.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly having a thermocouple encased in a tube having an outer carbon permeable layer and an inner carbon reactive layer. The assembly provides extended life for thermocouples used in a carbonaceous environment such as in the carbon liner of a furnace or in carbon bodies during baking thereof.

Abstract: An arrangement in which samples drawn from a melt are sealed against air, and are allowed to solidify, while the gases given off are collected for analysis. A hollow, thin-walled, metallic element is used, which narrows at its lower end into an orifice. The element is degassed at high temperature before being sealed for use, to remove hydrogen and organic impurities.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermocouple hot junction members which are used in immersion thermocouple assemblies employed for measuring the temperature of molten metal. At the temperatures involved, which are over 1200.degree.C and often in the region of 1800.degree.C and more, noble metals and alloys thereof have to be used to form a thermocouple conductor pair and up to now these have been united at the hot junction by a spot weld.In the hot junction of this invention the weld is replaced by a conductive refractory powder bridge so that the thermocouple conductor elements do not have to be joined. Each thermocouple conductor element is located in a leg of a quartz glass U-tube and the refractory powder bridge is located in the base of the U-tube so that opposed ends of the conductor elements are embedded in the powder which forms a thermocouple junction.

Abstract: An immersion molten metal sampling device of a type usable to obtain a sample of molten steel from a furnace and to measure the temperature of the molten metal in the furnace. The device includes a high density monolithic ceramic mold capable of obtaining a flat, rectangular shaped sample of the molten metal for spectrographic analysis as well as a pin sample for combustion analysis. The construction of the sampler avoids contamination of the sample by using gas permeable substances that are gaseous inert at the temperature of the molten metal while at the same time eliminating problems due to leakage of the molten metal through vent passages and seams in the mold.

Abstract: A disposable phase change device for sensing the rate of cooling of molten metal includes a body having a shallow elongated cavity on its upper surface. Sensing means extend across the cavity and is supported by first and second oppositely disposed walls on the body. The sensing means includes contacts adjacent opposite ends of the body. The upper surface of the body has one or more overflow cavities.