Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for creating multi-phase covetics. For example, there is provided a process for making a composite material. The process includes forming a multi-phase covetic. The forming includes heating a melt including a metal in a molten state and a carbon source to a first temperature threshold to form metal-carbon bonds. The forming further includes subsequently heating the melt to a second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold being greater than the first temperature threshold. The second temperature threshold is a temperature at or above which ordered multi-phase covetics form in the melt.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for creating multi-phase covetics. For example, there is provided a process for making a composite material. The process includes forming a multi-phase covetic. The forming includes heating a melt including a metal in a molten state and a carbon source to a first temperature threshold to form metal-carbon bonds. The forming further includes subsequently heating the melt to a second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold being greater than the first temperature threshold. The second temperature threshold is a temperature at or above which ordered multi-phase covetics form in the melt.

Abstract: A magnetic inductor for heating parts by means of induction having a geometry with a density greater than or equal to 99.9% (absence of pores), produced by a plurality of welded layers formed by metal dust particles of a conductive, non-magnetic material (such as, inter alia, copper, tin, aluminum, gold, or silver), preferably copper or a copper-based alloy, having a spherical shape and a grain size between 40 and 100 ?m, and in a single-piece part including electrical and mechanical connections. Also, a method for producing the magnetic inductor with EBM technology (electron beam melting/production technology based on electron beam fusion), using a system comprising an electron gun, a vacuum chamber, a working chamber and a manipulation system.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for creating multi-phase covetics. For example, there is provided a process for making a composite material. The process includes forming a multi-phase covetic. The forming includes heating a melt including a metal in a molten state and a carbon source to a first temperature threshold to form metal-carbon bonds. The forming further includes subsequently heating the melt to a second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold being greater than the first temperature threshold. The second temperature threshold is a temperature at or above which ordered multi-phase covetics form in the melt.

Abstract: A method for reducing a chromium containing material, comprising: combining the chromium containing material comprising chromium oxide with a carbonaceous reductant to form a chromium containing mixture; delivering the chromium containing mixture to a moving hearth furnace and reducing the chromium containing mixture to form a reduced chromium containing mixture; delivering the reduced chromium containing mixture to a smelting furnace; and separating the reduced chromium containing mixture into chromium metal and slag. The method also comprises agglomerating the chromium containing mixture in a granulator or the like. The chromium containing mixture has an average particle size of less than about 200 mesh (about 75 ?m).

Abstract: Provided are an aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof. In the method, aluminum and a magnesium (Mg) master alloy containing a calcium (Ca)-based compound are provided. A melt is prepared, in which the Mg master alloy and the Al are melted. The aluminum alloy may be manufactured by casting the melt.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for manufacturing a titanium ingot (30), the method being characterized by comprising: a step of melting a titanium alloy for a predetermined time by cold crucible induction melting (CCIM); a step of supplying molten titanium (6) to a cold hearth (10), and separating high density inclusions (HDIs)(8) by precipitation in the cold hearth (10) while spraying a plasma jet or an electron beam onto the bath surface of the molten titanium (6); and a step of supplying a molten titanium starting material from which the HDIs (8) are separated by precipitation to a mold (20) to obtain the titanium ingot.

Abstract: A component, such as a SOFC interconnect, and methods of making the component are provided using various chromium powders, including powder particles with a chromium core covered with an iron shell, a pre-alloyed Cr—Fe powder or a chromium powder produced by hydrogen reduction with hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for reducing a chromium containing material, comprising: combining the chromium containing material comprising chromium oxide with a carbonaceous reductant to form a chromium containing mixture; delivering the chromium containing mixture to a moving hearth furnace and reducing the chromium containing mixture to form a reduced chromium containing mixture; delivering the reduced chromium containing mixture to a smelting furnace; and separating the reduced chromium containing mixture into chromium metal and slag. The method also comprises agglomerating the chromium containing mixture in a granulator or the like. The chromium containing mixture has an average particle size of less than about 200 mesh (about 75 ?m).

Abstract: A method is used to make an aluminum alloy with excellent tensile strength, low density and excellent radiation. The method includes the steps of providing a base material, adding 0.06 wt % to 0.30 wt % of zirconium and 0.06 wt % to 0.30 wt % of vanadium to the base material, and melting the basic material with the zirconium and vanadium to provide an aluminum alloy. The base material includes 92.55 wt % to 97.38 wt % of aluminum, 0.9 wt % to 1.8 wt % of silicon, less than 0.5 wt % of iron, 0.6 wt % to 1.2 wt % of copper, 0.4 wt % to 1.1 wt % of manganese, 0.6 wt % to 1.4 wt % of magnesium, less than 0.40 wt % of chromium, less than 0.25 wt % of zinc and less than 0.20 wt % of titanium.

Abstract: A method is used to make an aluminum alloy with excellent tensile strength, low density and excellent radiation. The method includes the steps of providing a base material, adding 0.06 wt % to 0.30 wt % of zirconium and 0.06 wt % to 0.30 wt % of vanadium to the base material, and melting the basic material with the zirconium and vanadium to provide an aluminum alloy. The base material includes 92.55 wt % to 97.38 wt % of aluminum, 0.9 wt % to 1.8 wt % of silicon, less than 0.5 wt % of iron, 0.6 wt % to 1.2 wt % of copper, 0.4 wt % to 1.1 wt % of manganese, 0.6 wt % to 1.4 wt % of magnesium, less than 0.40 wt % of chromium, less than 0.25 wt % of zinc and less than 0.20 wt % of titanium.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing Ti alloy structures using a SFFF manufacturing process with a welding torch as a high energy source, which comprises using as a feed a feed wire made from Ti sponge and alloying powders, or forming a Ti alloy in-situ in the melt.

Abstract: A method for purifying Al—Ti—B) alloy melt includes putting and melting industrial aluminum ingot in an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace, the melt of Al being covered by a high-temperature covering agent, and its temperature up to at about 670˜900° C.; adding material of K2TiF6 and KBF4 into the smelting furnace and then stirring the compounds therein to react; adding compound comprising Mg, L, Na and F to the evenly stirred K2TiF6 and KBF4, the compound having an amount about 0.01%˜1% of a sum weight of total K2TiF6 and KBF4, and uniformly stirring for about 15˜60 minutes under a reaction temperature being constantly at about 670˜900° C., the dregs being removed, the Al alloy being casting molded.

Abstract: A system and process for reclaiming nickel and cadmium from a feed source such as Ni—Cd batteries. The feed source is shredded to produce feed particles, screened to size the particles, magnetically separated to remove non-metallic materials, and induction heated to generate nickel and cadmium products.

Abstract: A titanium halide, preferably titanium tetrachloride, is reacted with suitable reductant, preferably an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, under ultrasonic excitation in a liquid reaction medium to form nanometer size particles of titanium which may incorporate unreacted reductant. The nanosized titanium particles may be a precursor for nanosized titanium oxide which is formed by oxidizing the titanium, preferably with a low molecular weight alcohol. When the titanium particles incorporate unreacted reductant the oxidation reaction will yield nanometer sized titanates. The nanosized particles, whether titanium oxide or titanates may be extracted by first filtering them from the reaction medium, followed by washing with water to remove any water-soluble reaction products followed by spray drying.

Abstract: A system and process for reclaiming nickel and cadmium from a feed source such as Ni—Cd batteries. The feed source is shredded to produce feed particles, screened to size the particles, magnetically separated to remove non-metallic materials, and induction heated to generate nickel and cadmium products.

Abstract: A mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product is produced by a process in which a mixture is formed of an aluminium containing material and a carbonaceous material consisting of, containing or yielding carbon. Then the resulting mixture is heated to a temperature sufficient to react carbon of the carbonaceous material with the aluminium of the aluminium containing material to produce solid aluminium carbide. The solid aluminium carbide then is able to be heated with an aluminium compound selected from AI2O3, AI4CO4, AIO, AI2O and mixtures thereof, to produce aluminium metal and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: There is described a method for producing ultrahigh-purity Fe-base, Ni-base, and Co-base alloying materials to achieve impurity levels of (C+O+N+S+P)<100 ppm, and Ca<10 ppm, in the form of a large ingot, using a refining flux while forcibly cooling the crucible. A refining flux selected from the group consisting of metal elements of the Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA of the Periodic Table, oxides thereof, halides thereof, and mixtures thereof, is added to the molten metal during primary melting and the molten metal is held in contact with the refining flux for at least 5 minutes before tapping. Thereafter, the molten metal is caused to undergo solidification inside a mold, thereby producing a primary ingot.

Abstract: A mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product is produced by injecting particulate alumina into a bath (30) of molten aluminium metal; and injecting carbonaceous material, consisting of, containing or yielding carbon, into the bath (30). The bath (30) of molten aluminium metal is maintained at a superheated temperature to heat and react carbon with molten aluminium to produce solid aluminium carbide which mixes with alumina to form a mass (36) containing entrapped gas and entrapped molten aluminium metal and having a bulk or apparent density less than aluminium. The mass is allowed to accumulate as a mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product on the upper surface of the bath. The carbonaceous material is a hydrocarbon material or is produced by pyrolysis, decomposition or cracking of a hydrocarbon material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a getter material configured by a pressed powder mixture comprising Ba—Al alloy powder and Ni powder, wherein when the pressed powder mixture is heated in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere, a temperature at which an exothermic reaction starts is ranging from 750° C. to 900° C. According to this getter material, since the temperature at which the pressed powder mixture starts the exothermic reaction is set within a range from 750° C. to 900° C., there can be provided a getter material and an evaporation type getter device capable of suitably controlling an evaporation amount of getter components under a stable condition, and is excellent in responsiveness because a time ranging from a starting time of heating the getter material to a starting time of evaporation of the getter components can be shortened.

Abstract: A carbothermic process for producing an aluminium carbide containing mass by injecting carbon and alumina into molten aluminium superheated above 1400° C. The carbon reacts with molten aluminium to produce an aluminium carbide and alumina mass. The mass can be heated in the range of 1700° C. to 2000° C. to produce aluminium metal and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of making an oxygen scavenging particle comprised of an activating component and an oxidizable component wherein one component is deposited upon the other component from a vapor phase and is particularly useful when the activating component is a protic solvent hydrolysable halogen compound and the oxygen scavenging particle is a reduced metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process wherein an intermediate form of titanium, namely titanium sponge, is produced by reduction of a feedstock of titanium in a reactant liquid bath, where the feedstock, titanium tetrachloride, is reduced by molten magnesium to titanium sponge, and the reactant liquid bath is inductively stirred during the reduction process. The reduction process with induced stirring is performed in an electric induction cold crucible, with or without a liner. Subsequent purification and melting of the titanium sponge can be accomplished in the electric induction cold crucible so that purified titanium can be supplied from the cold crucible.

Abstract: A mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product is produced by injecting particulate alumina into a bath (30) of molten aluminium metal; and injecting carbonaceous material, consisting of, containing or yielding carbon, into the bath (30). The bath (30) of molten aluminium metal is maintained at a superheated temperature to heat and react carbon with molten aluminium to produce solid aluminium carbide which mixes with alumina to form a mass (36) containing entrapped gas and entrapped molten aluminium metal and having a bulk or apparent density less than aluminium. The mass is allowed to accumulate as a mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product on the upper surface of the bath. The carbonaceous material is a hydrocarbon material or is produced by pyrolysis, decomposition or cracking of a hydrocarbon material.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of making an oxygen scavenging particle comprised of an activating component and an oxidizable component wherein one component is deposited upon the other component from a vapour phase and is particularly useful when the activating component is a protic solvent hydrolysable halogen compound and the oxygen scavenging particle is a reduced metal.

Abstract: Methods for reducing carbon contamination when melting highly reactive alloys involving providing a graphite crucible having an interior, applying at least a first protective layer to the interior of the graphite crucible, placing a highly reactive alloy into the crucible having the first protective layer, and melting the highly reactive alloy to obtain a melted alloy having reduced carbon contamination.

Abstract: A carbothermic process for producing an aluminium carbide containing mass by injecting carbon and alumina into molten aluminium superheated above 1400° C. The carbon reacts with molten aluminium to produce an aluminium carbide and alumina mass. The mass can be heated in the range of 1700° C. to 2000° C. to produce aluminium metal and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A system and process for reclaiming nickel and cadmium from a feed source such as Ni—Cd batteries. The feed source is shredded to produce feed particles, screened to size the particles, magnetically separated to remove non-metallic materials, and induction heated to generate nickel and cadmium products.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method for incorporating carbon homogeneously into aluminum materials. The first step is to apply a positive charge to molten aluminum. Next, a negative charge is applied to an organic compound. Under an inert atmosphere, the negatively charged organic compound is mixed with the positively charged molten aluminum while running electric current therethrough. An aluminum material with carbon homogeneously dispersed throughout is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and process wherein an intermediate form of a Group IVB metal, such as titanium sponge, is produced by reduction of a feedstock of the Group IVB metal in a reactant liquid bath, for example where the feedstock, titanium tetrachloride, is reduced by molten magnesium to titanium sponge, and the reactant liquid bath is inductively stirred during the reduction process. The reduction process with induced stirring may be performed in an electric induction cold crucible, with or without a liner. Subsequent purification and melting of the intermediate form of the Group IVB metal can be accomplished in the electric induction cold crucible so that purified Group IVB metal can be supplied from the cold crucible.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of titania rich slag from ilmenite. The ilmenite is fed together with carbonaceous reductant, and in the absence of fluxes, to the molten bath of a D.C. arc furnace. The molten bath of the furnace forms the anode and one or more electrodes in the roof of the furnace forms the cathode. A frozen lining is established and maintained between the refractory lining of the furnace and the molten bath and the process includes means to control the thickness of the frozen lining as well as the whole smelting process.

Abstract: For the evaporation of given components from initial multiple-substance mixtures and systems at subatmospheric pressure, individual portions (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) of the multiple-substance mixture and systems are placed in ring crucibles (17) stacked at several levels. Vapors of the lower-boiling component are drawn off through a vapor exhaust opening in each crucible, while the top ring crucible (17) is closed except for its vapor exhaust opening.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for producing high purity titanium and high purity titanium so produced. The process contemplates producing titanium sponge in a container and performing titanium fused salt electrolysis in situ in the same container to produce high purity titanium crystal, and where especially low oxygen content is desired, to treat the high purity titanium crystal as produced with iodine.

Abstract: An improved process for successful and homogeneous incorporation of ruthenium and iridium into titanium and titanium alloy melts, ingots, and castings via traditional melting processes (e.g., VAR and cold-hearth) has been developed. This result is achieved through the use of low-melting point Ti-Ru or Ti—Ir binary master alloys within the general composition range of ≦45 wt. % Ru and with a preferred composition of Ti-(15-40 wt. % Ru), or within the general composition range of ≦61 wt. % Ir and with a preferred composition of TI-(20-58 wt. % Ir). Primary features are its lower melting point than pure titanium, lower density than pure Ru and Ir metals, and the ability to be readily processed into granular or powder forms.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of titania rich slag from ilmenite. The ilmenite is fed together with carbonaceous reductant, and in the absence of fluxes, to the molten bath of a DC arc furnace. The molten bath of the furnace forms the anode and one or more electrodes in the roof of the furnace forms the cathode. A frozen lining is established and maintained between the refractory lining of the furnace and the molten bath and the process includes means to control the thickness of the frozen lining as well as the whole smelting process.

Abstract: A method of heating a body of molten metal passing through a treatment bay. The method comprises providing a body of molten metal in a treatment bay and providing a baffle heater in the treatment bay to contact the molten metal. The baffle heater is comprised of a member fabricated from a material substantially inert to the molten metal, the member containing at least one heating element receptacle. An electric heating element is positioned in the receptacle for heating the member, the element protected from the molten metal by the material constituting the member.