Abstract: In one aspect, grade powder compositions are described herein comprising electrochemically processed sintered carbide scrap. In some embodiments, a grade powder composition comprises a reclaimed powder component in an amount of at least 75 weight percent of the grade powder composition, wherein the reclaimed carbide component comprises electrochemically processed sintered carbide scrap.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering a rare earth element from a workpiece containing at least a rare earth element and an iron group element, which can be put into practical use as a low-cost, simple recycling system. The method for recovering a rare earth element from a workpiece containing at least a rare earth element and an iron group element of the present invention as a means for resolution is characterized by including at least a step of separating a rare earth element in the form of an oxide from an iron group element by subjecting a workpiece to an oxidation treatment, then turning the treatment environment into an environment where carbon black is present, and subjecting the oxidation-treated workpiece to a heat treatment at a temperature of 1000° C. or more in an inert gas atmosphere or in vacuum.

Abstract: Processes for recycling electronic components removed from printed wire boards, whereby precious metals and base metals are extracted from the electronic components using environmentally friendly compositions. At least gold, silver and copper ions can be extracted from the electronic components and reduced to their respective metals using the processes and compositions described herein.

Abstract: A method of recycling useful metals is provided. The method enables useful metals including indium, zinc, yttrium, europium, lanthanum, terbium, gadolinium, antimony, lead, copper, tin, and silver to be recovered from wastes, such as wasted flat panel displays, and recycled economically with small energy consumption. The method of recycling useful metals includes: a step in which wastes comprising various flat panel displays, e.g., liquid-crystal display panels, are crushed/powdered; a step in which the resultant particles are dissolved in an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution; and a step in which various metal oxides and various metal fluorides which remain undissolved are filtered off and the aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution containing various metal ions is electrolyzed to deposit and recover metals for transparent-electrode oxides, such as indium and zinc, and other useful metals.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering rhenium from a titania-supported, rhenium-containing catalyst by treating the catalyst in the reduced form with an acid in an amount and for a time sufficient to dissolve the rhenium without dissolving the support.

Abstract: A method of recovering rhenium from rhenium-containing superalloy scrap is provided. The superalloy is usually a nickel-based superalloy. The method includes the steps of forming an oxidation feedstock of flaky morphology of the superalloy scrap, and oxidizing the oxidation feedstock to convert rhenium into a volatile rhenium oxide. The flaky morphology of the oxidation feedstock is achieved by increasing the surface area of the superalloy scrap.

Abstract: A process for obtaining tantalum powder from tantalum containing scrap material is provided. The process includes selecting source material, such as from sintered anodes for capacitors, hydriding the source material, milling to desired particle size and surface area, dehydriding, deoxidizing, agglomerating, sifting, and acid treating to obtain tantalum powder of a desired size and purity.

Abstract: A method for extracting nickel and lithium includes solvent extraction step of using three or more extraction stages to subject a solution containing lithium and nickel to solvent extraction with 2-Ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester at a pH of 8.0 to 8.5, whereby the nickel and the lithium are co-extracted into a resultant organic phase.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus are disclosed herein for recovery of high-purity silicon, silicon carbide and PEG from a slurry produced during a wafer cutting process. A silicon-containing material can be processed for production of a silicon-rich composition. Silicon carbide and PEG recovered from the silicon-containing material can be used to form a wafer-saw cutting fluid. The silicon-rich composition can be reacted with iodine containing compounds that can be purified and/or used to form deposited silicon of high purity. The produced silicon can be used in the photovoltaic industry or semiconductor industry.

Abstract: A method of recycling ruthenium (Ru) and Ru-based alloys comprises steps of: providing a solid body of Ru or a Ru-based alloy; segmenting the body to form a particulate material; removing contaminants, including Fe, from the particulate material; reducing the sizes of the particulate material to form a powder material; removing contaminants, including Fe, from the powder material; reducing oxygen content of the powder material to below a predetermined level to form a purified powder material; and removing particles greater than a predetermined size from the purified powder material. The purified powder material may be utilized for forming deposition sources, e.g., sputtering targets.

Abstract: The invention concerns an iron powder for fortifying foodstuff. The powder consists of a reduced iron powder having irregularly shaped particles, wherein the iron powder has a ratio AD:PD less than 0.3, wherein AD is the apparent density in g/cm3, and PD is the particle density in g/cm3. The specific surface area of the powder particles is above 300 m2/kg as measured by the BET method and the average particle size is between 5-45 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovery of nickel and alumina from spent catalyst by direct leaching with sulphuric acid in presence of small amount of an additive. The invention is useful for recovery of both nickel and sources of nickel and therefore important from the view of environmental protection, resource recycling and conservation.

Abstract: Tungsten carbide is formed from a tungsten material which is preferably tungsten carbide scrap. If scrap material is used, this is oxidized and acid leached to remove impurities and any binder material. This is then dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide and spray dried to form a precursor compound. A carbon compound such as citric acid can be added to the solution prior to spray drying to provide a carbon source for the tungsten carbide. The powder formed from the spray dried solution is calcined and carburized to form tungsten carbide.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for an intermediate product made of a predetermined 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one first anti-recrystallizing element Z1 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr. This process enables effective recycling of scrap, particularly machining scrap made of 7000 series alloys, in the manufacture of intermediated products with high added value.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for an intermediate product made of a predetermined 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one first anti-recrystallizing element Z1 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr. The product is produced by the steps of: a) supplying machining scrap including at least one second 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one second anti-recrystallizing element Z2 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr, in an amount greater than a maximum accepted content of Z2 in the predetermined alloy; b) conducting at least one refining step of said scrap to reduce the amount of Z2 to a value below the maximum accepted content of Z2 in the predetermined alloy; c) producing a batch of liquid metal having nominal composition, in part or in whole, from the refined scrap; and d) forming the product by casting the liquid metal.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of aluminum and energy from used aluminum-plastic packages and oven for implementing such process, which comprises a pretreatment for the recovery of paper, the separation of aluminum and of recyclable products by pyrolysis of polyethylene, essentially for their energy content. The product to be treated is passed into a chamber of which the walls are heated to a temperature preferably between 300° C. and 500° C., the walls being inclined in order to collect into a container a heavy fraction from the polyethylene pyrolysis, whereas the light fraction, which volatilizes, is burnt. The process is carried out in an oven which contains a series of trays, and wherein circulates a heating gas. The upper surface of the oven has the shape of an inverted cone, with an orifice at the apex through which passes its axis. The heavy fraction of the pyrolysis drains therethrough and is collected separately from the aluminum.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a batch of scrap material, subsequent to processing of the batch, to determine the content of precious metal present in the batch prior to processing of the batch, includes introducing a predetermined amount of a tracer into the batch, prior to processing, processing the batch and the tracer into a homogenous mixture, assaying a sample portion of the homogenous mixture to assess the amount of tracer in the sample portion, and to assess the amount of precious metal in the sample portion, and ascertaining the content of the precious metal in the batch prior to processing of the batch by applying to the assayed amount of the precious metal a ratio between the predetermined amount of tracer introduced into the batch prior to processing and the assessed amount of tracer in the sample portion.

Abstract: Method of preparing colored roofing granules (18) from granulated mineral-containing matter having an elemental iron content of about 15% to about 70% is disclosed. The method comprises heating the granules (18) to a temperature of from about 450.degree. C. to about 1,000.degree. C. and maintaining the temperature for a period of time sufficient to effect a color change in the granules. The resulting oxidized granules are permanently colored and will not fade in use.

Abstract: A process for producing nanoscale powders, and the powders so produced. The process comprises mixing an emulsion comprising all of the elements of the desired powder composition and a combustible fuel, and then combusting that emulsion to produce a powder. Powders with a median particle size of less than 50 nm have been made by this process. The process is suitable for the production of many types of powders, including particles and nanowhiskers of simple, doped, and polymetallic powders.

Abstract: The preparation of suitable powdered metal is important in powder metallurgy technology. To date, powdered metals, in particular refractory metals, have been produced using very time-consuming and, consequently, costly methods for the reduction of metallic compounds, e.g. by reducing solid metallic compounds to powdered metal in fluidized bed ovens or pusher-type furnaces. In the present invention, powdered metallic compounds are reduced by retaining the solid phase as a continuous process by particles passing through a reaction chamber to predetermined orbits. The process lasts on average 0.4 to 60 s, and the level of completeness of the process is at least 90%.

Abstract: A method is described which allows two hazardous waste products, namely PVC and electric arc furnace dust, both of which have negative commercial value, to be combined to produce an iron oxide suitable for steel making and making pure cadmium lead and zinc and chlorine, all of which can be sold. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction may be used to generate electricity which may be sold or used in plants where the reaction is carded out. The method can also be used for metal scraps.

Abstract: Finely divided copper powder suitable for the preparation of copper catalyst for the synthesis of methylchlorosilane is prepared by adding an aqueous copper salt solution to an aqueous suspension of iron powder. Copper salt solutions obtained as process residues from the synthesis of methylchlorosilane can be used in the process of this invention.

Abstract: A novel method is proposed for concurrently producing a metallic copper powder and a valuable chloride of a metal other than copper, e.g., manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel and tin, from a depleted aqueous etching solution containing copper (II) chloride as discharged from the etching process in the manufacture of copper-foiled printed circuit boards. The inventive method also contributes to solve the problem for the disposal of such a waste solution without causing the troubles in connection with environmental pollution. The inventive method comprises the steps of: treating the waste solution with an active carbon so as to remove organic impurities; admixing the solution with a powder, granules or flakes of the above mentioned metal so as to precipitate the copper value in the metallic form, instead, giving an aqueous solution of the chloride of the added metal; and separating the copper metal powder and the chloride solution.

Abstract: A preparation method of magnetic powders by using ferric compounds added to heavy metal sludges, and then heating under an atmosphere control and at adequate temperature so as to convert heavy metal sludges into magnetic ferrite powders. Owing to the obtained magnetic ferrite powders possess strong surface activity and cannot dissolve in weak acid or alkaline solution, they can be widely applied on waste water treatments.

Abstract: A method of removing niobium from a uranium-niobium alloy includes dissolving the uranium-niobium alloy metal pieces in a first aqueous solution containing an acid selected from a group consisting of HCl and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and a fluoboric acid as a catalyst to provide a second aqueous solution which includes uranium (U.sup.+4), acid radical ions, the acids and insolubles including uranium oxides and niobium oxides; adding nitric acid to the insolubles to complete the oxidation of the niobium oxides to yield niobic acid and further solubilizing thr uranium oxide; and separating the niobic acid, nitric acid and solubilized uranium oxides.