Abstract: A process serves for the carbothermic/electrothermic production of crude iron or other base products in furnaces (23) by using mixtures comprising iron ore, oxides and/or carbonates of calcium (A) and carbonaceous materials, with formation of carbon monoxide-containing gases.

Abstract: To produce metallic iron from iron ore, a composition comprising a mass of material formed from a mixture of iron ore particles and particles of a reductant that is either a biomass material in particulate form or a plastic resinous material in particulate form is used. The reductant can also be a mixture of biomass material and resin in any proportions. The mass of material comprises at least one body having a shape adapted for smelting such as pellets, briquettes, pieces or lumps. The pellets have sufficient cohesion to maintain the shape into which they have been formed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing sponge iron includes heating iron oxide together with a solid reducing agent to reduce the iron oxide into sponge iron, wherein the iron oxide includes a mixture of powdered hematite and powdered iron ore or a mixture of powdered hematite and powdered mill scale, the powdered hematite has a specific surface area of 2.0 m2/g or more, and the content of the powdered hematite is 5-45% by mass with respect to the total quantity of iron oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a blast furnace, CO2 being substantially removed from at least a partial stream of a top gas emerging from a reduction shaft furnace (1), and this partial stream if appropriate being heated and being introduced into the blast furnace as reduction gas, and to a plant for carrying out this process, the top gas being introduced into the lower region of the blast-furnace shaft. This measure results in an improved energy balance and improved process management compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A treatment process for resins or organic compounds, or waste plastics containing them, whereby a portion of the resins or organic compounds, or waste plastics containing them are subjected to combustion treatment in a blast furnace while the remainder is subjected to thermal decomposition treatment in a coke oven.

Abstract: A synthetic resin fuel for stable production of pig iron in a blast furnace. It is in the form of cylindrical pellets, each measuring X mm in thickness and Y mm in diameter, with X and Y satisfying the three expressions of 3.0≦X≦10, 2≦Y≦20, and Y/X≧1.5. The cylindrical pellets are produced by melting a resin, solidifying the melt, and cutting the solidified product. The cylindrical pellets should preferably contain more than 0.05 wt % of water. A process for producing pig iron in a blast furnace by blowing a synthetic resin fuel into a blast furnace through tuyeres, wherein said synthetic resin fuel is in the form of cylindrical pellets, each measuring X mm in thickness and Y mm in diameter, with X and Y satisfying the above-mentioned three expressions. The cylindrical pellets should preferably have a size distribution such that those having a diameter within ±20 % of the average diameter account for more than 70 wt %.

Abstract: A method and a plant for manufacturing steel in an electric steel furnace wherein the electric steel furnace is charged with at most 70% scrap and with at most 60% liquid pig iron obtained in a mini-blast furnace, and optionally with additional iron carriers, and wherein the mini-blast furnace is operated for producing the pig iron with iron pellets and/or coarse or lump ore and coke as well as coal. The melting process in the electric steel furnace is operated using electrical energy and by simultaneously using oxygen and injected coal. The plant for carrying out the method is composed of a mini-blast furnace and an electric steel furnace.

Abstract: A method of blowing a synthetic resin material into a furnace comprising preparing a synthetic resin material having an average specific surface area of at least 50 m2/kg; and blowing the synthetic resin material from tuyeres of a shaft furnace for ironmaking.

Abstract: A method and a plant for reducing iron ore to pig iron in a blast furnace with the use of carbon, wherein a partial quantity of the carbon is admixed to the iron ore in the form of coke which ensures that the bulk material column is loosened and supported and that the gas can penetrate through the bulk material column in the blast furnace, and wherein the remaining partial carbon quantity is injected as a substitute reducing agent into the blast furnace. Prior to being injected into the blast furnace, the entire partial carbon quantity forming the substitute reducing agent is converted into a low-nitrogen reducing gas by gasification in a gasification reactor arranged spatially separate from the blast furnace.

Abstract: A method of operating a blast furnace enables substantial improvement of gas permeability and liquid permeability for stable operation of the blast furnace, involves packing the core section with solid high strength, carbonaceous blocks prior to ignition of the furnace. The carbon blocks resist wearing and high temperature reaction over very long periods of operating time, greatly stabilizing the furnace. Because of the improved stabilization, gas permeability and liquid permeability, a low grade solid reducing agent can be substituted for a quantity of the high quality coke normally used for operating the blast furnace and furthermore enables injection of pulverized coal at a rate of at least 200 Kg/ton-pig.

Abstract: In the manufacture of iron in which coke and coal are added to a blast furnace during iron manufacture, an improvement for enhancing the operation of the furnace is disclosed. A metallic element in the form of a compound thereof, the metallic element selected from zirconium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, tin and lead is added to the coal, allowing for a reduction in the amount of coke added to the furnace.

Abstract: A compressed briquette or other solid shape, object, or article useful as a coke substitute in blast furnaces disclosed as being manufactured so as to comprise a reaction product of fine carbonaceous material (such as coke breeze, coke fines, or petroleum coke), a reactive tar, and polymeric binder.

Abstract: In a method for operating a blast furnace, the primary supply of reductant and heat is an hydrogen reducing blast. Oxygen or water vapor is injected into the blast furnace to control temperature. Coke is used to provide appropriate gas channels and carburization. Coke use rate can be reduced to less than 10% of that of conventional blast furnace operation. A conventional blast furnace may be converted to this method with minor modification.