Abstract: A method of melting an iron-containing cold material and simultaneously obtaining a low phosphorous and high carbon molten iron while maintaining a high post combustion rate, comprising the steps of: preparing a converter having a lance for top-blowing oxygen, and a bottom-blowing triple pipe nozzle disposed at a bottom of the converter which nozzle is provided with an inner pipe, an intermediate pipe and an outer pipe; supplying the iron-containing cold material into the converter in which a hot heel exists; introducing into the converter all of a carbonaceous material together with a non-oxidizing gas through the inner pipe of the triple pipe nozzle, oxygen through a space defined between the inner pipe and the intermediate pipe, and a non-oxidizing cooling gas through another space defined between the intermediate pipe and the outer pipe, and additional oxygen through the oxygen top-blowing lance so that the cold material is melted into a molten iron under an existence of slag; maintaining both the content

Abstract: A method of melting steel in an oxygen converter from solid metal iron-bearing materials includes the steps of loading these materials and their subsequent heating up to their melting through burning hydrocarbon and solid carbon-containing fuels in an oxygen-containing gas. Then, when the temperature of the melt is 1525.degree.-1580.degree. C. the oxidizing slag is removed from its surface and thereafter a solid iron is loaded into the bath in an amount of 2-5% of the original quantity of the solid metal iron-bearing materials.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of melting and superheating ferrous material comprising the steps of charging a vessel with ferrous material and injecting into the vessel coal and oxygen in such ratios as to combust the coal to provide adequate heat for the melting of the ferrous material and to provide residual carbon in the melt to superheat the melt upon oxidation of the carbon.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for heating, melting, waste disposal and production of gaseous fuel include supplying air, coal, steam and waste into a melt. The melt contains elements readily oxidized by air and producing oxides which are readily reduced by carbon. The overall results of the reaction of the elements oxidation and reduction consist in the production of CO containing gas and evolving heat. The heat evolved is extracted from the melt by submergence of solid to be heated into the melt, by injection of heated gases into the molten slag, by heat exchange between the wall confining the melt and gas, liquid or solid to be heated, or by conversion of steam into H.sub.2 and CO.

Abstract: Molten steel, normally exposed to an atmosphere of air, is protected against impurities by placing a gas containing a major amount of carbon dioxide gas in such quantities and in such proximity to the surface to cause dissociation of the carbon dioxide at a rate which provides a gas barrier or shroud isolating the steel from the surrounding atmosphere. This method may be applied to protecting certain molten steels being transferred from a ladle to a mold, or from a ladle to a tundish and from the tundish to a mold in continuous casting. In a method where a number of shrouding operations are carried out in series, gas under pressure is bled, in increments, from a storage vessel containing a body of liquid carbon dioxide in an overlying ullage space containing vapor. Each increment is ultimately expanded and dispersed at ambient temperature to form the shroud.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing molten metals and/or slags thereof which involves top-blowing at least one reduction gas stream wherein fine grained coal or coke particles and injected for covering the surface of the molten metal beyond the blow impression formed by the reduction gas stream. The particles of the stream are at least partially gasified into a carbon monoxide (CO) contained reduction gas stream before they hit the metal surface, so that a mixture of carbon monoxide and coke is blown onto the metal surface together with the reduction gas stream. The coke particles are then radially moved toward the outside of the blow impression at all sides to form a thin veil beyond the perimeter of the blow impressions.

Abstract: A process of making steel from solid metal iron-bearing materials, especially metal scrap, in an oxygen converter comprises heating and melting the charge by supplying a fuel and an oxidizing agent in the direction from the bottom upwardly and from the side through the thickness of the materials charged into the converter, as well as top feeding of the oxidizing agent, whereupon the melt is refined while a silicon-containing heat carrier is added thereinto. At the same time, the side and top blowing of oxygen is discontinued while the bottom blowing thereof is reduced.

Abstract: A process for producing a steel in at least two converters using a great or substantial amount of an iron-bearing cold material. The iron-bearing cold material and a carbonaceous material are supplied into one of the converters under the presence of a molten iron or a preliminarily treated molten iron and are melted therein under oxygen-blowing to obtain a preliminarily treated molten iron containing a high content of carbon, and the preliminarily treated molten iron is refined in the other converter under oxygen-blowing to obtain a molten steel having the given composition.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a lance structure for use with a top-blown converter. The lance structure is constructed to include a cylindrical sheath having a bottom wall and a flux supply tube disposed at the center of the sheath and defining a passage for carrying slag-forming flux in a powdered form. Further inclusive are a plurality of oxygen supply tubes which are arranged in the sheath and around the flux supply tube and which define oxygen supply passages. From the oxygen supply tubes, there lead a corresponding number of Laval nozzles which have their exits opened in the sheath bottom so that the oxygen gas supplied through the oxygen supply passages may be blown in the form of supersonic jets to penetrate into the molten iron contained in the converter. The flux supply tube is formed with ports which are opened into the Laval nozzles just upstream of the exits thereof to feed the flux together with a carrier gas to the supersonic oxygen jets so that the carrier gas flows may merge into the oxygen jets.

Abstract: A process for producing a low P chromium-containing steel in an AOD vessel from a high P chromium-containing molten pig iron comprising a first stage of recarborization, desiliconzation and temperature raising, a second stage of dephosphorization with slag, which may be repeated, and a third stage of conventional refining.