Abstract: Method of combustion with a gas burner having a burner head at one end of an inner gas pipe surrounded by an outer protective pipe, wherein gases from the burner head flow inside the inner pipe and inside the outer pipe and thereafter flow into an exhaust channel. The inner pipe terminates short of the burner head; a sleeve downstream of the burner head, is inserted into and/or placed concentrically with the inner pipe so that the sleeve orifice is located within the inner pipe; a gap is provided between the opening of the inner pipe and the sleeve. The gap is sized such that the mixture of fuel and combustion air from the burner head and recycled exhaust gases passing through the gap will be mixed in quantities at which the temperature of combustion will be lower than the temperature in which NOx is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing directly reduced iron, liquid pig iron and steel, in which charge materials, which are formed from iron ore, preferably in lump and/or pellet form, and, if appropriate, additions, are reduced directly, in a first reduction zone, to form iron sponge, the iron sponge is smelted in a melter gasifier zone supplied with carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas, to form liquid pig iron, and a reduction gas is generated, which gas, after off-gas cleaning, is introduced into the first reduction zone, where it is converted and drawn off as top gas, and in which process the top gas is subjected to off-gas cleaning, if appropriate is fed to a further reduction zone for direct reduction of iron ore to form iron sponge and, following reaction with the iron ore, is drawn off as export gas and is subjected to off-gas cleaning, and in which process the liquid pig iron and, if appropriate, the iron sponge from the further reduction zone are fed to a steelmaking process, in par

Abstract: A procedure for holding production of molten metal in a direct smelting process is disclosed. In situations where it is necessary to hold metal production and there is a continuing available supply of oxygen-containing gas and solid carbonaceous material, the hold procedure includes the steps of stopping supply of metalliferous feed material, continuing to inject oxygen-containing gas and solid carbonaceous material into the vessel and generating heat within the vessel to maintain the temperature of the molten bath above a temperature at which the bath freezes. In situations where it is necessary to hold production and there is a continuing supply of oxygen-containing gas but no available solid carbonaceous material, the hold procedure includes the steps of stopping supply of metalliferous feed material and injecting oxygen-containing gas and gaseous or liquid combustible material into the vessel and generating heat within the vessel to maintain the bath temperature.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath having a metal layer and a slag layer is disclosed. The method is characterized by injecting a carrier gas and a solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides into the molten bath from a side of the vessel that is in contact with the molten bath or from above the molten bath so that the solids penetrate the molten bath and cause molten metal to be projected into the gas space above the molten bath to form a transition zone. The method is also characterized by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the gas space to post-combust reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone.

Abstract: With a method for producing liquid metal from charging substances containing ore and of fluxes, the ore is directly reduced to sponge metal in at least one reduction zone (5, 7, 8), the sponge metal is melted along with fluxes in a melt-down gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas. A CO- and H2-containing process gas serving as a reducing gas is produced, fed into the reduction zone (5, 7, 8), reacted there, and subsequently withdrawn, wherein slagforming fluxes, in particular calcium carbonate, dolomite etc., gas are calcined by the process gas in a calcining zone (26′) that is separate from the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) and melt-down zone (11). To be able to employ slagforming fluxes of any desired grain and without disturbances of the reduction process, the calcining zone (26′) is connected in parallel to the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) with respect to the material flow and the calcined fluxes are fed into the melter gasifier (10) directly.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath having a metal layer and a slag layer is disclosed. The method is characterized by injecting a carrier gas and a solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides into the molten bath from a side of the vessel that is in contact with the molten bath or from above the molten bath so that the solids penetrate the molten bath and cause molten metal to be projected into the gas space above the molten bath to form a transition zone. The method is also characterized by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the gas space to post-combust reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone.

Abstract: In order to utilise wastes or residues containing iron in the oxide form and/or iron in the metallic form and/or containing carbon (38,25,34), a process is used with which molten pig iron (16) or steel preliminary products can be produced, iron ore (4) being reduced to sponge iron in a direct reduction zone (2), the sponge iron being melted in a melting-gasification zone (15) with the supply of carbon-containing material (29) with gasification of the carbon-containing material (29) to reducing gas, and the reducing gas is fed into the direct reduction zone (2), reacted there and drawn off as top gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for utilizing zinciferous waste from metal smelters, such as steel smelters, so that the transmission of fluorides to the highly zinciferous secondary dusts is prevented during the treatment of the gas obtained from the waste smelting furnace. Fluorides are extremely harmful for the zinc process, and therefore it is important to prevent them from entering the process. By adjusting, according to the invention, the temperature and composition of the exhaust gases created in the smelting treatment of zinciferous dusts and other waste, the fluorides and the highly zinciferous fraction are obtained in different end products. Other valuable metals are recovered from the metal layer created on the bottom of the furnace.

Abstract: In a process for the production of a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, the filter dusts incurring in producing the metal melt are to be processed to charging substances without causing a load on the environment and without great expenditures.This is achieved in that the filter dusts are introduced into the metallurgical vessel by aid of a gaseous conveying medium composed of natural gas or a mixed gas primarily containing natural gas, the filter dusts being supplied to the metallurgical vessel in a closed system and reduced by the carrier gas.

Abstract: A process for recycling hot dust from a gasifier or melt-down gasifier by means of a hot gas cyclone separator integrated into a pipe system is described, together with the associated apparatus. The hot dust from the hot gas cyclone separator is supplied by means of a lock system to a burner in order to overcome the pressure difference between the hot gas cyclone separator and the melt-down gasifier. By means of the lock system the dust is supplied from a lower pressure zone to a higher pressure zone. The dust to be recycled comprises coke or a mixture of coke and iron particles.