Abstract: A Pb-free solder alloy whose residual stress during solidification is small and which achieves high joint strength and high reliability, can suppress a reaction between Ni and Bi or diffusion of Ni when used to join Ni-containing electronic parts or substrates, and can withstand a high reflow temperature. A first aspect of a Pb-free solder alloy consists of 0.03% by mass or more but 0.70% by mass or less of Al, 0.2% by mass or more but 14.0% by mass or less of Zn, and the balance being Bi except for inevitable impurities. A second aspect of a Pb-free solder alloy consists of 0.03% by mass or ore but 0.70% by mass or less of Al, 0.2% by mass or more but 14.0% by mass or less of Zn, not more than 0.500% by mass of P, and the balance being Bi except for inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovering valuable metals from precious metal smelting slag, comprising: smelting the precious metal smelting slag and a flux in a top-blown rotary furnace to produce a lead-bismuth alloy, wherein the precious metal smelting slag comprises Au, Ag, Bi and Pb; electrolyzing the lead-bismuth alloy at a current density ranging from 60 to 110 A/m2 to obtain lead cathode and lead anode slime; refining the lead anode slime to produce bismuth and silver-zinc crust, and extracting gold and silver separately from the silver-zinc crust. Through utilizing a top-blown rotary furnace as the smelting apparatus and adjusting the ratio of the flux, the present invention enriches the valuable metals gold, silver, bismuth, lead or the like to lead-bismuth alloy, ensures lower contents of gold, silver, bismuth and lead in the reducing slag and thereby increases the comprehensive recovery rates of gold, silver, bismuth and lead from the precious metal smelting slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compositions of matter, particularly metals and alloys, and methods of making such compositions. The new compositions of matter exhibit long-range ordering and unique electronic character.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compositions of matter, particularly metals and alloys, and methods of making such compositions. The new compositions of matter exhibit long-range ordering and unique electronic character.

Abstract: A process for adjusting the composition of a liquid metal, such as steel, is provided wherein liquid metal is sucked up from a start receptacle into a reactor which is at a reduced pressure with respect to the start receptacle. First, the liquid metal is made to flow inside the reactor under conditions close to plug flow where it undergoes a metallurgical treatment. Next, after the liquid metal has been conveyed through the reactor it is completely discharged into a finish receptacle which is also at a reduced pressure with respect to the reactor. To insure thorough mixing, the reactor is divided into a plurality of cells, each of which has its own independent gas injector for agitating the liquid metal therein.

Abstract: An improved process for deleading debismuthized dross is provided wherein the upgraded dross is treated by cupellation to form a slag until the level of bismuth in the upgraded dross reaches about 45% by weight. After cupellation, the partially deleaded upgraded dross may be treated by conventional means such as halogenation to provide a substantially pure bismuth product.

Abstract: Bismuth impurity is removed from copper electrolyte by contacting the electrolyte with an effective amount of finely divided lead oxide.