Abstract: A method for desizing, scouring and bleaching a textile product, in which a natural cellulose-type textile product is soaked with a neutral aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, steamed in a saturated water vapor atmosphere at 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C., soaked immediately with a hot caustic soda solution without cooling and washing under the same saturated water vapor, and steamed again in a saturated water vapor atmosphere at 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Oxidative desizing agent consisting substantially of from 5 to 20 weight % of sodium or ammonium persulfate or potassium, sodium, ammonium or calcium peroxodiphosphate, from 20 to 50 weight % of one or more surfactants selected from the group of C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 -sec.-alkanesulfonates, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenol-oxethylates having 6 to 12 ethylene oxide moieties, or C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 -fatty alcohol-oxethylates having 3 to 8 ethylene oxide moieties, and water in the amount remaining to give 100%. The advantage of this desizing agent resides in the fact that a substantially smaller amount of persulfate is required than for desizing with persulfate alone. Moreover, this desizing agent is liquid and thus easy to be dosed.

Abstract: Processes for desizing and bleaching cloth in a single operation utilizing a bath containing hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, a sequestrant, an enzyme preparation based on a starch-degrading enzyme, and a surface active agent, such processes resulting in significant economies in usage of water and of steam, labor, and capital costs.

Abstract: A method for desizing, scouring and/or bleaching and/or mercerizing textile fabrics by foaming a composition containing an appropriate desizing, bleaching or scouring agent and a foam system to a blow ratio from about 2:1 to 30:1 and a foam density in the range from about 0.5 g/cc to 0.033 g/cc. The foam is applied to the surface of the fabric in a uniform thickness and is then collapsed and forced through the fabric. The fabric is then batched to allow the particular desizing agent, bleaching agent, scouring agent or mercerizing agent to be effective and then the fabric is rinsed. With the inventive process, a substantial reduction in the liquid volume normally required for such treatments as well as improved end results are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable anhydrous textile assistant which comprises at least(A) an anionic surfactant,(B) an inorganic oxidizing agent,(C) a siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymer and, optionally,(D) a compound which combines with metal ions to form water-soluble colorless complexes, and/or(E) a polar organic solvent.The anionic surfactant (A) can also be combined with a non-ionic surfactant. The assistant mixture is used in particular for desizing cellulosic fibre materials by oxidation, preferably in combination with a bleaching process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating a surface with reagents. The method comprises:(i) establishing a reagent in a liquid phase;(ii) forming a foam of said liquid phase;(iii) applying said foam to said surface to be treated;(iv) causing or allowing the foam to collapse at the interface of said surface being treated to deposit the reagent thereon and thereafter removing or deactivating the reagent on said surface when the treatment is complete, whereby the rate of foam collapse is controlled to control the rate of application of the reagent to the said surface.

Abstract: Taught is a method of sizing polyester yarn for weaving comprising the steps of applying thereto a latex having an acid pH and of a free radical initiated vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 300,000 to about 2,500,000, said polymer in dried film form being hydrophobic and not redispersible in a solution at a pH of from about 2 to 7 but redispersible by an aqueous alkaline medium, said polymer being prepared from monomers consisting essentially of by weight, 45-65% butyl acrylate a total of 28-45% styrene and/or methyl methacrylate and a total of 8-14% acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, and drying the yarn.

Abstract: This invention deals with the removal of starch and starch-containing substances from various fabrics and the like. This is accomplished by simultaneously using an admixture of starch decomposing enzymes and an appropriate surfactant.

Abstract: A composition is provided for washing fabric, particularly denim, prior to sale. The composition includes an amphoteric surfactant, a builder which ensures that the surfactant in a washing solution, is initially in an anionic state, and a pH builder which causes the pH of the washing solution to decrease to thereby change the amphoteric surfactant to its cationic state. In its anionic state the surfactant acts as a wetting agent to encourage such actions as pre-shrinking and dye-bleeding by the washing solution. In its cationic state the surfactant can be adsorbed onto the fabric so as to exhibit fabric softening and anti-static effects. A lubricant is preferably included in the composition to reduce uneven dye-bleeding caused by fabric to fabric abrasion in the wash cycle.

Abstract: In addition to the very time-consuming enzymatic and hydrolytic desizing processes, oxidative degradation of starch size by means of persulfate, to render the starch water-soluble, is conventionally practised. Because of the chemical similarity between starch and cellulose, oxidative degradation of the cellulose is unavoidable in this desizing process. The invention overcomes this problem by breaking up the macromolecules of the starch into dispersible fragments by means of such small amounts of persulfate that neither is the starch made water-soluble nor is the cellulose significantly damaged, the dispersants employed for the fragments being relatively oxidation-stable polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for desizing a fabric web comprising the steps of: first wetting the dry size-loaded fabric with the desizing liquor separated from a previous batch of fabric after desizing, so that the fabric, and the size adhering thereto, take up water from the desizing liquor by swelling and/or solvation, thereby increasing the concentration of the desizing liquor; separating the concentrated desizing liquor from the fabric; recycling the concentrated desizing liquor to a sizing operation; desizing the wetted fabric by a continuous fresh water wash; separating the desized fabric from the resulting desizing liquor; and recycling the desizing liquor to the first wetting step.

Abstract: Novel oxidative desizing agent consisting essentially of from 10 to 80, preferably 50 to 80% by weight of a surfactant and from 20 to 90, preferably 20 to 50% by weight of potassium persulfate. This desizing agent may optionally also contain from 5 to 25% by weight of a solubilizer with a simultaneous reduction of the surfactant and persulfate portions.

Abstract: A hot-melt warp yarn size composition and a method for applying, desizing, and disposing of it which essentially eliminates atmospheric and water pollution at all stages of the process. The size is a melt blend of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with microcrystalline, paraffin, or hydrogenated tallow wax. It is applied as a melt to warp yarn, desized with hot petroleum solvent, and the extracted size and unrecovered solvent burned to non-polluting carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing impurities such as size is applied to a textile material and the textile material subsequently is exposed to treatment by an organic. solvent. Between the application of the aqueous solution and the exposure of the material to the solvent, the material is exposed to a saturated steam treatment in which the impurities are dissolved or degraded.

Abstract: Process for anti-redeposition of staining substances on textiles of natural, synthetic or artificial fibers or mixtures thereof in the course of operations of dry cleaning or de-oiling by means of suitably stabilized perchloroethylene comprising incorporating into the perchloroethylene a sufficient amount of at least one nitroalkane containing from 1 to 4 atoms, as an anti-redeposition additive.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-n-propylamines of formula, ##STR1## in which R is a mono- or dialkylphenolpoly-(C.sub.2-3)-alkyleneglycolether group bound through an oxygen atom and containing at least 8 (C.sub.2-3)alkyleneoxy units of which at least 50% are ethyleneoxy, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted with hydroxyl or X, R.sub.2 is alkylene, optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and X is an acid group, the compounds being in free acid or salt form, are useful as surface active agents, especially for use as dispersing or emulsifying agents in textile lubricant and fat liquor emulsions, and as agents for the degreasing of pelts and leathers, as tanning auxiliary agents and for the desizing of textile materials.

Abstract: Water or organic solvent soluble impurities are removed from textile materials at a treatment zone by applying to the material a first liquid capable of dissolving the impurities, following which a second liquid immiscible with the first liquid is applied to the material to expel the first liquid and the dissolved impurities. The two liquids are then separated and the material is removed from the treatment zone and dried without further contact with the first liquid.

Abstract: Recovery of partially hydrolyzed copolymers of vinyl acetate and unsaturated carboxylic or sulfonic acid from aqueous solution dissolving them by adding an acid to the solution at a temperature of at least 40.degree. C. and then separating the deposited copolymers. This process can be advantageously applied to waste water dissolving the above hydrolyzed copolymers from desizing and washing of textile. About 70 to about 90% of the hydrolyzed copolymers dissolved in the solution can be recovered, and the recovered copolymers can be reused as a sizing agent for fibers.

Abstract: A dispersed synthetic polymeric organic size is efficiently recovered as a material of low salt content from an aqueous desizing waste stream by combining the stream with a solution of an inoganic salt under high shear mixing conditions to a final salt concentration greater than about four percent, thereby precipitating the dispersed polymeric size. The aqueous phase remaining can be subjected to electrodialysis to produce a concentrated salt brine and an aqueous solution low in salt content.

Abstract: A process for desizing and bleaching textile goods containing, or consisting of, cellulose, by simultaneous enzymatic desizing and pretreatment with a solution of sodium dithionite and a conventional heavy metal complexing agent in the presence of a buffer system at pH 6-9 and subsequent conventional peroxide bleaching in the presence of little or no silicate as a stabilizer. The process improves the bleaching effect and the economics and reduces the risk of fiber damage or destruction or of silicate deposits without an additional treatment stage.

Abstract: A process comprising the steps of (1) sizing a warp with an aqueous solution containing a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, having a degree of hydrolysis of 50% to 80% by mole and an average degree of polymerization of not less than 400, and an anionic surface active agent capable of solubilizing the hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate in water or capable of raising the cloud point of the hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, and then weaving, (2) subjecting the woven cloth to desizing in a scouring bath, and washing the cloth, and then (3) treating the desizing and washing waste water with an agent selected from polyvalent metal salt chelate-forming agents, strong acids and cationic compounds by adding the agent to the waste water to deposit the hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, and separating the deposited hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. The sizing work efficiency is good, the weaving efficiency is high, the desizing is smooth, and the waste water treatment is easy.

Abstract: New stable stain removing compositions are provided which contain 15 to 35 percent by weight of an anionic surfactant, optionally 3 to 25 percent by weight of a water-insoluble alcohol containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, 3 to 25 percent by weight of pine oil, of a reaction product of a fatty acid containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and sorbitol, and/or of at least one alkylene oxide adduct of the formula RO(CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.1 O).sub.n H or of an ester of the formula Z'COOR.sub.2, wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R' is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 7 to 17 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 is ##STR1## or --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH, and n is an interger from 1 to 12, the amount of components (2) and (3) together being at least 12 percent by weight, and 30 to 73 percent by weight of water.These agents provide excellent cleaning and dispersing power and are particularly adapted to use in cleaning or combined cleaning (washing) and dyeing processes.

Abstract: A chemical, useful as a warp size, which is soluble in water at one temperature and insoluble at a different temperature, is applied to textile yarns in the process known as slashing. By manipulation of temperatures the chemical is reclaimed and recycled as a warp size. The water from the reclamation step may be recycled, or the water may be discharged with a minimum of waste treatment.

Abstract: Emulsifier-solvent scour compositions which are stable at elevated temperatures when incorporated into aqueous caustic media for treatment of textile materials. The scour compositions comprise an inert organic solvent media containing:(a) 5 to 35% of at least one phosphate ester of an ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 aliphatic or aromatic alcohol;(b) 1 to 10% of at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 carboxylic acid or salt thereof; and(c) 4 to 20% of either(i) at least one member from the group of sulfonated fatty acids or salts thereof, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 carboxylic acid or glyceride, sulfonated alkyl diphenyl oxide or salts thereof, or substituted imidazoline; or(ii) at least one of an ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, amine or mercaptan; a sulfonated alkyl benzene, condensation products or salts thereof; or a fatty diethanol amide obtained from reacting diethanolamine with a C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 fatty acid or ester.

Abstract: Fabrics of which the warp is sized with water-soluble polymers of acrylic acid and/or their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, are desized by treating the sized fabric with from 30 to 300 percent by weight of water, based on the dry weight of the fabric, and separating the resulting size solution from the fabric. The recovered size solution can be directly re-used for sizing.

Abstract: In the sizing of textile yarns with a chlorinated solvent solution of a low crystallinity chlorinated polyolefin, undesirable tackiness of the resin size is avoided by combining the chlorinated resin with a minor proportion of a high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbon polymer such as polystyrene. The sizing resin mixture can be recovered for reuse from a solvent desizing process.

Abstract: Textile fibers exhibiting improved characteristics for weaving on water jet looms are prepared by sizing such fibers with copolymers of an aliphatic .alpha.-olefin such as ethylene and an ammoniated .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as ammonium acrylate.

Abstract: A continuous in-line flock cutting process is disclosed, for making flock from tow which contains a lubricant which is detrimental to the flock and must be removed.The tow is continuously fed, heat treated and immersed in an aqueous scouring liquid, and is continuously wet-processed. The excess scouring liquid is squeezed out, the tow is rinsed with water, rinse water is squeezed out, and a finish is applied to the tow and partially squeezed out in an in-line continuous process to remove a portion of the applied finish. Thus processed, the still-wet tow is continuously cut into wet flock, the wet flock is then dried and beaten to open up and separate the individual flock particles, and screened.

Abstract: Desizing glass fabric by dampening sized glass fabric with an aqueous desizing solution containing 1.0 to 18.0 g/l sodium carbonate peroxide to provide about 0.03% to about 0.50% sodium carbonate peroxide on the fabric based on the weight of the dry fabric being dampened, removing the dampened fabric from the aqueous desizing solution heating the dampened fabric, and washing the fabric to remove desizing solution and size.

Abstract: Warp textile sizes comprising interpolymers of vinyl esters are recovered by extraction of the interpolymer from woven cloth with an aqueous solvent to form an aqueous solution of the interpolymer. The interpolymmer is precipitated from the aqueous solution by adjusting the alkali metal ion concentration of the solution within defined limits and adding acid to reduce the pH to the range of 1 to 3. The precipitated polymer is isolated from the supernatant solution and is reused by dissolving it in an aqueous base to yield a sizing solution.

Abstract: Alkaline baths for treating fiber material composed of or containing native cellulose such as cotton do not cause appreciable degradation of the cellulose chain when having added thereto amino alkylene phosphonic acids and/or 1-hydroxy alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids or their salts.