Abstract: A process for dyeing ramie sliver, comprising: 1.) pretreatment: cooking the ramie sliver for 8-12 minutes in a cooking reagent in a bath ratio of 1:4-10, the cooking reagent is a 1-3 g/L aqueous solution of a penetrating agent; and 2.) dyeing: dyeing the cooked ramie sliver in an active dye in a bath ratio of 1:4-10. Also disclosed is a method for preparing ramie yarn. The ramie sliver dyed according to the present invention improves the properties of ramie fibers, such that the ramie fibers are less likely to break; and the ramie fibers are less likely to harden, avoiding poor drawing, needle breakage and missing stitches during carding and coalescing in post-procedures, thus achieving the purpose of smooth yarn spinning. Also disclosed is a method for preparing ramie colored-spun yarn.

Abstract: A method for spinning and washing aramid fiber and for recovering sulfuric acid by (a) spinning an aramid polymer from a sulfuric acid spin dope to a yarn and coagulating the yarn in a coagulation bath having an inlet for water or diluted sulfuric acid and an outlet for sulfuric acid enriched water; (b) washing the yarn with water to obtain a washed yarn and a washing water containing sulfuric acid; (c) recycling the sulfuric acid enriched water and optionally the washing water to a sulfuric acid recovery unit; (d) increasing the sulfuric acid content of the recycled sulfuric acid enriched water, and optionally the washing water, by evaporation to obtain 20 to 98% sulfuric acid and water; (e) mixing the 20 to 98% sulfuric acid with oleum to obtain 98-105% sulfuric acid; and (f) recycling the 98-105% sulfuric acid to the spinning unit for use as sulfuric acid spin dope.

Abstract: In a deep dyeing process of a polyamide (PA) including Nylon 4, Nylon 6, Nylon 46, Nylon 66, Nylon 7, Nylon 8, Nylon 9, Nylon 610, Nylon 1010, Nylon 11, Nylon 12, Nylon 13, Nylon 612, Nylon 9T, Nylon 13, MC Nylon, Nylon MXD6, and all polyamide derivatives, and a polyolefin (PO) including ethylene copolymer, propylene copolymer and their derivatives, a compatibilizer precursor is used for modifying the polyamide and polyolefin of an amino, hydroxyl or epoxy group containing chemical, and then a reactive dye and/or an acid dye is used for dyeing the polyamide and polyolefin, so that the dyed polyamide and polyolefin have excellent dye fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness, washing fastness and low-temperature dyeability to overcome the shortcomings of conventional nylon fibers including a poor dyeing effect, a non-level dyeing quality, a high dyeing temperature (100° C. to 120° C.) and a high cost.

Abstract: A method for spinning and washing aramid fiber and for recovering sulfuric acid by (a) spinning an aramid polymer from a sulfuric acid spin dope to a yarn and coagulating the yarn in a coagulation bath having an inlet for water or diluted sulfuric acid and an outlet for sulfuric acid enriched water; (b) washing the yarn with water to obtain a washed yarn and a washing water containing sulfuric acid; (c) recycling the sulfuric acid enriched water and optionally the washing water to a sulfuric acid recovery unit; (d) increasing the sulfuric acid content of the recycled sulfuric acid enriched water, and optionally the washing water, by evaporation to obtain 20 to 98% sulfuric acid and water; (e) mixing the 20 to 98% sulfuric acid with oleum to obtain 98-105% sulfuric acid; and (f) recycling the 98-105% sulfuric acid to the spinning unit for use as sulfuric acid spin dope.

Abstract: Processes for dyeing fabric are provided. The process can include continuously moving the fabric in a machine direction; removing folds or creases from the fabric; spraying a first surface of the fabric with a dye; and exposing the fabric to atmospheric steam after spraying the dye on the first surface but prior to the dye drying on the first surface so that the dye migrates from the first surface to a second surface of the fabric and reacts with and affixes to a component of the fabric.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a polarizer having improved cross transmittance. The method for producing a polarizer includes: dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based film with molecular iodine by immersing the PVA-based film in an aqueous iodine solution (a dyeing step); absorbing the molecular iodine into the PVA-based film using an aqueous boric acid solution (a cross-linking step); arranging the molecular iodine in the certain direction by stretching the PVA-based film in a certain direction (an stretching step); and drying, in an oven, the PVA-based film in which the molecular iodine is oriented; wherein a phosphate compound is added to the iodine aqueous solution (the dyeing step) or the aqueous boric acid solution(the stretching step) so that a weight ratio of the boric acid:the phosphate compound is in a range of 1:0.1 to 1:10.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a polarizing plate includes: providing a polarizing roll film having transmission axes; and cutting the polarizing roll film with a knife having a plurality of openings each having a rectangular shape to form a plurality of polarizing plates, the plurality of openings parallel to the transmission axes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol type polarizing film or plate which comprises a water-soluble dye having the formula (1) in a free acid form or a copper complex salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are blue, diol anthraquinone blue colorant compounds having excellent thermal stability and which can be reacted into or copolymerized with polyester thus providing a blue-colored polyesters useful for manufacturing a variety of shaped articles such as photographic film base, particularly roentgenographic (X-ray) film. Also disclosed are blue anthraquinone colorant compounds which contain two ethylenically-unsaturated (vinyl), photopolymerizable radicals which may be derived from the aforesaid diol anthraquinone compounds. The anthraquinone colorant compounds containing two ethylenically-unsaturated may be reacted into or copolymerized (or cured) with ethylenically-unsaturated monomers to produce colored vinyl polymers.

Abstract: Bulk yarns having improved elasticity and recovery and methods for their manufacture are described. A first embodiment of the invention involves providing a solution-dyed multifilament yarn of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and a multifilament yarn of a second thermoplastic polymer to an air jet texturizer such that the PBT component forms a core and the other yarn forms a plurality of loops and coils extending outwardly from the core. In addition to a high degree of elasticity and recovery, the composite yarn also has a low amount of shrinkage, which enables the yarns to be used in the production of woven fabrics without significant losses in fabric yield. Another embodiment of the invention involves false twisting a multifilament PBT yarn and a second multifilament yarn as individual threadlines to impart crimp thereto, then entangling the two components together using an air interlacing jet, to produce a bulk yarn having high elasticity and recovery.

Abstract: A dye-containing polarizing film having neutral color which comprises at least one disazo dye represented by the formula (I) in the form of the free acid wherein Me is a transition metal selected from copper, nickel, zinc and iron, A1 is phenyl or naphthyl which may be substituted or substituted. B1 is 1-naphthol or 2-naphthol residue which may be unsubstituted or substituted and in which its hydroxy group is adjacent to the azo group and is linked with the transition metal Me to form the complex, and R1 is a lower alkoxy; and at least two of other specific dyes, and the film causes no light to break through the film at dark state within the visible radiation wavelength region and is excellent in the polarizing activities as well as the durability to water and heat.

Abstract: A dyed braided suture is formed by dry blending a colorant and a thermoplastic resin; extruding the blend by melt spinning to form filaments; drawing the filaments, braiding the drawn filaments and converting the braided filaments to a suture.

Abstract: A method for dyeing a photographic polyester support is disclosed, comprising the use of transparent pellets and a dye granulated so as to satisfy the requirements that:(1) the particle size is 50% or more;(2) the angle of repose is 60.degree. or less; and(3) the particle hardness is from 160 to 400 g on average and has a lower limit of 50 g.

Abstract: An azo compound of the following formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein Q.sub.1 represents a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, Q.sub.2 represents a phenyl group; R represents hydroxy group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group or a halogen atom; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group or a substituted amino group; and X represents --NH--, --NHCO-- or --N.dbd.N--; or a salt thereof;and a polarizing film containing the same.

Abstract: The invention is a method of dyeing aliphatic polyester filaments with a disperse dye by selecting a dyeing temperature, dyeing pH, and dyeing time in such a way that the weight average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyester filament has a lowering ratio of 20% or less.The invention is a method for dyeing the aliphatic polyester filament with good reproducibility and level dyeing property while substantially maintaining the molecular weight and the essential excellent properties of the aliphatic polyester filament, and can provide dyed articles which have high strength, are excellent in level dyeing property and color fastness to light, and have various hues.

Abstract: The invention is a method of producing a melt spun synthetic polymeric filament which has the superior deep dyeability thereof. The method includes the steps of application of a dye dispersed in water to the filaments during the drawing of the filament, and heat setting the surface dyed filaments to uniformly diffuse the dye throughout the total cross section of the filaments.

Abstract: Novel azo compounds having the specific structural formula (1) or (3) set out below, water-soluble dyes containing the compounds, and polarizing films containing the water-soluble dyes: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydroxyl, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, C.sub.1-2 alkoxy, C.sub.1-2 acylamino, cyano, carboxyl or sulfonic acid group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.8 individually represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl, C.sub.1-2 alkyl or C.sub.1-2 alkoxy group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 individually represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, C.sub.1-2 alkoxy or C.sub.1-2 acylamino group; R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl or C.sub.1-2 alkoxy group; R.sub.6 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl, amino, methylamino, .beta.-hydroxyethylamino or C.sub.1-2 acylamino group, or a phenylamino or benzoylamino group which the phenyl nucleus may be substituted by one or more nitro, amino, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, carboxyl and/or sulfonic acid groups and/or chlorine atoms; R.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for melt spinning a pigmented hexamethylene adipamide fiber from a melt blend of a polymer and a colored pigment wherein the polymer is a random interpolyamide or a block polymer having two different difunctional recurring amide-forming moieties other than those which form hexamethylene adipamide is disclosed along with pigmented hexamethylene adipamide polymer fibers having tenacities greater than 7.5 or even 8 grams per denier.

Abstract: Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) fibers which have been dried are dyed with cationic dyes, or with disperse or acid dyes, by heating the fibers under a high pressure from 29 to 108 psi and at a temperature from 130.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process for melt-spinning a pigmented hexamethylene adipamide fiber from a melt blend of a polymer and a colored pigment wherein the polymer is a random interpolyamide or a block polymer having two different difunctional recurring amide-forming moieties other than those which form hexamethylene adipamide is disclosed along with pigmented hexamethylene adipamide polymer fibers having tenacities greater than 7.5 or even 8 grams per denier.

Abstract: A polarizing film comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-type film and a dichroic dye, a metallic ion and boric acid incorporated therein, and a process for producing the same, which comprises adsorbing a dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol-type film, stretching the film substantially in one direction, immersing the stretched film in an aqueous solution containing a metallic ion and boric acid.

Abstract: A continuous process for the dyeing of melt-extrudable polymers that are capable of being dyed, is disclosed. The process comprises extruding molten polymer through an orifice, contacting the extruded polymer while still in a molten state with an aqueous solution of a dye for said polymer, and withdrawing the resultant dyed polymer from the aqueous solution. The process may be used for the dyeing of e.g. modified polyolefins, polyamides, ionomers and the like. In preferred embodiments the process may be used in the extrusion coating of wire or other continuous filamentary material to provide color-coded products.

Abstract: A polarizing film-integrated transparent electrically conductive film, wherein a polysulfone film as a support layer is laminated on at least one surface of a polyvinylalcohol polarizing film which has been dyed with a water-soluble disazo compound as a free acid represented by the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein X represents nitro group or amino group, A represents the formula (a) or (b) ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom, methoxy group, ethoxy group, methyl group or hydroxyl group, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen atom, methyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, acetylamino group or ureido group, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom, methoxy group or ethoxy group, and n is 0 or 1), and Y represents amino group, methylamino group, acetylamino group, N-methyl-N-acetylamino group, .beta.

Abstract: Blue-colored bioabsorbable surgical fibers are obtained by adding and dispersing a bioabsorbable polymer, which is selected from polyglycolic acid, poly(l-lactic acid) and glycolic acid-l-lactic acid copolymers all of which are useful as surgical fibers, and indigo in a non-aqueous organic solvent having low solubility for the polymer and indigo, heating the resultant dispersion at a temperature below 120.degree. C. to distill off the solvent, thereby to obtain a master batch with the indigo incorporated therein at a high concentration, mixing and kneading the master batch with a fresh supply of the polymer, and then spinning the resultant polymer mixture.

Abstract: Textile fabrics are dyed in open widths in a closed, heated environment by spraying a heated dye composition containing a dyestuff dispersed in a non-aqueous, high-boiling solvent, without the dye applicator directly contacting the fabric, directly onto the fabric. The sprayed fabric is held under transverse tension in a heated (350.degree. to 450.degree. F.) environment and further heated while the sprayed dye dispersion migrates, penetrates thoroughly through the fabric and levels substantially evenly across the width of the fabric. Fabrics are thus simultaneously uniformly dyed and uniformly heatset. Apparatus for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuous dyeing of filaments based on atactic polyvinyl chloride in the course of their production.The undrawn filaments are impregnated with a composition containing at least one plastosoluble dye while they have a density of between 1.3 and 1.4 g/cm.sup.3, are fixed continuously in the presence of steam under pressure at a temperature of between 100.degree. and 120.degree. C. for 2 to 20 seconds, are drawn in a known manner, are then fixed under tension in the presence of steam under pressure at a temperature of between 100.degree. and 130.degree. C. for 1 to 20 seconds, and are then oiled and shrunk in a known manner.Such a process permits quick dyeing, on an industrial scale, with good color fastness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous dyeing of filaments based on atactic polyvinyl chloride in the course of production.It comprises, in succession, the phases of drawing, impregnation of the filaments by padding while, at the time of the impregnation, the filaments have a density of between 1.3 and 1.4 g/cm.sup.3 (the filament roving having a water content of 10 to 30% by weight), of stabilization under tension in the presence of steam under pressure at a temperature between 100.degree. and 130.degree. C. for 2 to 20 seconds, and then oiling and shrinking in a known manner.Dyeing carried out in this manner is quick and makes it possible to produce colors having good fastness.

Abstract: A process for preparing an iodine stainable polyester polarizer film which comprises:(a) extruding a moving molten web of polyester film; and(b) quenching said moving web to solidify it in a substantially amorphous form; and(c) applying an anchor coating to at least a portion of the surface of said film wherein said anchor coating improves adhesion of polyvinyl alcohol to polyester film; and(d) applying a coating of a dispersed aqueous composition of polyvinyl alcohol to at least a portion of the surface of said film; and(e) stretching said moving web in a direction transverse to the direction of motion while heating said web at a temperature of from about its glass transition temperature to about 160.degree. C.; and(f) crystallizing said moving web by heating it to a temperature in the range of 130.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. without stretching said web; and(g) cooling said web to substantially ambient atmospheric temperature.

Abstract: Improvement of a process for spin-dyeing acid-modified polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile in which cationic quaternary dyestuffs are added to the spinning mass and spun according to the wet-spinning procedure. The improvement is characterized by using dyestuffs characterized by a migration factor M of 20 or less than 20, by a combination index K of less than 2.5 and a cation weight of more than 310. Migration factor M and combination index K are known values in the dyestuff field or can be determined. The dyestuff to be used according to the invention can belong to the most different classes of dyestuffs; they fix rapidly on the polymer, and thus they do not color, or color only to a minor extent, the coagulation, stretching and washing baths although they are soluble in water and aqueous solutions of these baths.

Abstract: A dichroic light polarizer comprising a sheet of molecularly oriented polyacrylic acid/chitosan complex having incorporated therein a dichroic dye.

Abstract: A method of making patterned polarizer elements having areas exhibiting different optical properties comprising removing the dichroic dye from selected areas of a linear, dichroic, light polarizer and restaining these selected areas with a different dichroic dye.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for spin dyeing polymers of acrylonitrile or copolymers containing predominantly acrylonitrile, which process comprises adding to the spinning solution a monocationic dye salt of the formula ##STR1## wherein D is the group of atoms necessary to close a 5-membered heterocyclic ring containing two N-atoms, or to close a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, which rings may optionally contain fused benzene rings, or is the group of atoms necessary to close a benzthiazole ring, and Q is the radical of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic coupling component, and R.sub.1 is alkyl, aralkyl or aryl. The yellowish-red transparent fibres obtained have excellent fastness properties.

Abstract: A process is provided for space dyeing synthetic yarn in which the synthetic yarn, such as polyester yarn, wound upon a yarn package, is first treated by immersing the ends of the package into a solution of at least one sublimatable ink, thereby dyeing the yarn located at the ends of the package but leaving the yarn at the center of the package undyed, and then at least two ends from at least two such packages are passed through otherwise conventional drawing and texturizing apparatus. Each yarn so fed is intermittently dyed and undyed along its length, the color strength near the dye boundaries being attenuated and muted due to sublimation of the inks and diffusion and migration of the dyes through the yarn ends and into the package. By utilizing at least two feed yarn packages in such process having significantly different diameters and different colored ends thereof, very highly random dyeing effects are achieved in a knitted or woven fabric produced from such yarns.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyester filaments and fibers and a process for the production of such polyester filaments and fibers which can be dyed in the absence of a carrier which comprises introducing into the polymer to be spun a silicate charged with an inert gas melt, spinning the mixture obtained in known manner and further processing into filaments or fibers.

Abstract: For coloring in the mass and spin dyeing water-insoluble thermoplastic polymers and polycondensates, especially polyesters, nickel complex disazomethine compounds are used having the general formula (1) ##STR1## in which A and B have the same meaning or are different from each other and each is an isocyclic or heterocyclic residue. The coloring compounds can be added to the polymeric material without previous dispersion. They are dissolved in said material in molecular disperse form so that generally brilliant and clear colorations are obtained. In spin dyeing the filaments substantially retain their high strength and drawing properties; abrasion and clogging of the nozzles or filters do not occur. The colorations are distinguished by a high color strength as well as by high fastnesses to light and to weather and by a good stability in thermofixation.

Abstract: This invention relates broadly to the simultaneous heat transfer printing or transfer dyeing and embossing or surface texturing of fabrics or other relatively flat materials containing thermoplastic fibers or other thermoplastic components or finishes.More particularly, the invention provides a process for such simultaneous printing and embossing or surface texturing in which the heat transfer pattern printed or otherwise deposited in sublimable or vaporizable dye on a printing-embossing sheet can be transferred to one or several materials without being substantially affected by the embossing.The invention also provides an embossing means for use in that process; and an apparatus to implement it.