Abstract: A process for enhancing the thermal and/or photochemical stability of dyeings on dimensionally stabilised polyamide fibres, which comprises treating the polyamide fibre material, before the fixation step for producing defined, resilient forms and dimensions, in aqueous medium with a compound of formula I(A-Y-).sub.n Z(-W).sub.m (1)wherein A, W, Y, Z, n and m are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: Aramid and aramid-blend fabrics are dyed or flame-retardant treated or both dyed and flame-retardant treated using conventional heat dyeing equipment. Aliphatic amides capable of swelling the aramid fibers at least 1.5% and having 7 to 14 carbon atoms are used as diffusion-promoting agents for dyes, flame retardent agents or both. Odor-free, flame resistant, colored or colored and highly-flame resistant products result.

Abstract: A process is described for the photochemical and thermal stabilization of undyed and dyed or printed polyester fiber materials, which comprises treating said materials with a compound of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, andn is 0 to 5.Dyeings of superior lightfastness and sublimation fastness on polyester and cellulose acetate are obtained by this process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thermosensitive fibrous structure which includes adding a fibrous substrate mainly composed of cellulosic fiber, microcapsules including a thermochromic material, a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant to a dye bath maintained at a temperature of not higher than 90.degree. C. and then adding an agent for imparting exhaustion property in the bath at a pH not more than 7, thereby causing the fibrous substrate to exhaust the microcapsules from the bath. According to this process, there can be obtained a thermosensitive fibrous structure wherein microcapsules are almost completely exhausted and uniformly provided.

Abstract: An indicator tag is provided for visually indicating the remaining effectiveness of a protective chemical treatment agent on a textile article. The tag is made from a fabric dyed with at least one dye to impart to the piece of fabric a predetermined initial color which indicates that the chemical treatment agent on the textile article is effective. The dye has a chromophore which is susceptible to degradation by reagents which would destroy the effectiveness of the chemical treatment agent so that exposure of the indicator tag to such reagents causes the indicator tag to change from its predetermined initial color to another color, thereby indicating that the textile article with which the indicator tag is used has been exposed to reagents which may cause a loss in the effectiveness of the protective chemical treatment agent on the textile article.

Abstract: Aramid fabrics treated with N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone prior to or simultaneously with aqueous print pastes promote fabric printability and produces good coloration. Saturated steam or superheated steam at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. permeates and fixes the dye inside of the aramid fibers. Print pastes containing N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dye and thickener are also described.

Abstract: A fire-proof buri filament material making process includes steps of obtaining buri fibers by dipping a smashed rattan buri in a salt and dilute hydrochloric acid solution, drying the buri fibers, dipping the well-dried buri fibers in a heated hydrogen peroxide dilution, boiling the buri fibers in a pigment dye, glycerin and soda water solution, dipping the colored buri fibers in a solution containing ammonium phosphate and borax at the ratio of 3:1 for 30 minutes in forming into buri filaments, drying the buri filaments and cutting them into the desired length and binding them up with iron wires in forming into bunches of buri filaments. The invention also relates to the buri filaments made according to the aforesaid process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, x and y are defined as in the description, processes for their preparation, their use for improving the light stability of polyester dyeings and a dyeing process and dye preparations.

Abstract: Cellulosic fabrics are rendered flame resistant in a two-step procedure by applying first a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt/urea precondensate ammoniated to crosslink and form an insoluble phosphorus-containing polymer within the fiber structure followed by treatment with a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt. The two-step process using these chemically related phorphorus-containing flame retardants provide sufficient phosphorus in and on the cellulosic fabric to impart a predetermined minimum flame resistance. Cellulosic fabrics, primarily cotton, having flame resistant properties durable to washing yet retaining pliant, nont-stiff hand result.

Abstract: There is described a process for the simultaneous dyeing and flameproofing of textile sheet materials made of polyester fibers by padding or printing the textile material with a dye preparation, partially or completely drying the treated textile material and then heat treating it, which comprises using a dye preparation which contains one or more disperse dyes and one or more flame retardants based on halogen-free phosphoric and/or phosphonic acid derivatives with or without thickeners and/or foam-forming agents. The disperse dyes used are thermosol dyes.

Abstract: Dyed leather is aftertreated with quaternized condensation products ofA) a precondensate of one or more trialkanolamines of the Formula I ##STR1## B) a) a carboxylic acid derivative thereof IIa ##STR2## b) a carboxamide IIb ##STR3## c) an epichlorohydrin IIc ##STR4## d) a monofunctional compound IId R.sup.9 --Y IIde) a bifunctional compound IIeZ'--R.sup.10 --Z.sup.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the photochemical and thermal stabilization of polyamide fibres having an affinity for acid and basic dyes, and of blends of said fibres with one another and with other fibres, a composition for carrying out the process and the fibre materials treated therewith.

Abstract: A dyeing method comprising a process of treating a cellulose fiber textile product with cationic compound and another process of treating the thus-treated textile product by immersing it in a dispersion containing thermochromic material and/or photochromic material.

Abstract: Poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) fabrics are printed and optionally flame retarded in a two-step process in which the dye diffusion promoting agent N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone optionally with a flame retardant is applied following by printing and print fixation.

Abstract: A method for dyeing fibrous material is provided. The method includes contacting a fibrous material with a carrier and a dye soluble or dispersed with the carrier in a dyebath. The carrier comprises an N-substituted aromatic carbonamide or an N,N-disubstituted aromatic carbonamide or mixture thereof. The carrier system of the present can be advantageously utilized for improving dye and flame resistant properties of difficult to dye fibers such as aromatic polyamide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers and aromatic polyimide fibers.

Abstract: A process for the photochemical stabilization of wool is described, which comprises treating the wool with an aqueous solution comprising at least one UV absorber of the formula ##STR1## in which at least one of the substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula ##STR2## in which M is hydrogen; or an equivalent of a cation;m is 1 or 2, andthe remaining substituent(s), independently of one another, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy; C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylthio; C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylamino; di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylamino; phenyl; phenoxy; phenylthio, anilino; or N-phenyl-N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino;The UV absorbers can be used in a wide pH range and effectively reduce yellowing of the wool.

Abstract: A new class of sulfonated 2-(2'-hydroxyaryl)-2H-benzotriazole compounds and method for using them and other sulfonated hydroxyaryl benzotriazoles on nylon fibers to improve stain resistance and dye lightfastness has been discovered. A process is provided for improving stain resistance of nylon fibers by treatment with sulfonated aromatic-formaldehyde condensate and fluorinated dry soil resist agents.

Abstract: Processes for improving the thermal and/or photochemical stability of undyed and dyed polyamide fibers by treatment with an agent from an aqueous bath containing (A) a compound of the formula (I) defined in claim 1 and (B) a UV absorber.

Abstract: A dyed synthetic fiber having antibacterial and antifungal properties is described, which contains 0.01 to 20 weight % of a silver-substituted zeolite and 0.001 to 1.0 weight % of a substantially water-insoluble copper compound. The copper compound is present independent of zeolite particles in the fiber. The dyed synthetic fiber is prepared by incorporating a silver-substituted zeolite in a monomer or a polymerization mixture before the completion of polymerization in the step of preparing a polymer for the fiber; further incorporating the copper compound in the polymer before the spinning thereof into a fiber; spinning the polymer into a fiber; and dyeing the fiber. The dyed fiber retains a high level of antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Abstract: Aramid and aramid-blend fabrics are dyed or flame-retardant treated or both dyed and flame-retardant treated using conventional heat dyeing equipment. Octylpyrrolidones, tributyl phosphine oxide and mixtures of N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone with available dye carriers are used as diffusion-promoting agents for dyes, flame retardant agents or both. Odor-free, flame resistant, colored or colored and highly flame resistant products result.

Abstract: There is described a process for the photochemical and thermal stabilization of polyamide fiber materials according to claim 1 and also novel water-soluble triazine derivatives according to claim 7.The novel process and compounds confer good thermal and photochemical stability on polyamide dyeings and fibres.

Abstract: A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising 2-alkyl-3-isothiazolones, preferably 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone or 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone, and certain iodopropargyl compounds, in a ratio to each other which exhibits synergism is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 2,5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 stands for straight-chain or branched halogenoalkyl,R.sup.2 stands for straight-chain or branched alkyl andn stands for the numbers 1 or 2,as microbicides for protecting industrial materials.

Abstract: A composition comprising(a) a 3-isothiazolone compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or R is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl group and R.sup.1 is a halogen or R and R.sup.1 may be joined to form an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring; Y is hydrogen, a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18) alkyl group, an unsubstituted or halo-substituted alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl or halo-, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl-, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy-substituted aralkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl or halo-, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl-, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy-substituted aryl group of up to 10 carbon atoms; and(b) an amount of a metal bromate salt sufficient to stabilize said composition;wherein said composition if free of metal nitrate salt is disclosed. Methods of use of the above compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Pigment printing process for flame-retardant, low-flammability or nonflammable fibersOn being printed with conventional pigment print pastes low-flammability fibers lose their flame-retardant properties in the areas covered with the print paste. It was therefore necessary to find a binder system which itself has low-flammability properties.By using polymers and/or copolymers of vinylidene chloride as pigment binder system the low flammability of such special types of fiber is not impaired.

Abstract: A process for improving the thermal and/or photochemical stability of dyeings on polyamide fibres by applying to said fibres, from an aqueous medium, water-soluble phenolic antioxidants of formula (A--Y--).sub.n Z(--W).sub.m, wherein A, Y, Z, W, m and n are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A method for dyeing fibrous material is provided. The method includes contacting a fibrous material with a mixture of a carrier and a dye soluble or dispersed in the carrier. The improvement comprises the use, as the carrier, of a mixture comprising N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone and an alkyl or aryl benzoate. The carrier system of the present can be utilized advantageously to dye difficult to dye fibrous material such as aromatic polyamides including Kevlar.RTM. fibers and blends thereof with other fibers.

Abstract: A lens reduces eye strain and fatigue due to glare, after images, reflections or other visual noise incident upon an observer of a visual display terminal. The lens includes a light transmitting plastic body having a convex shaped outer surface for deflecting stray angular radiation and a body provided, in combination with, an ultraviolet absorber to block the transmission of ultraviolet radiation, a colored dye to diminish the intensity of any fluorescent light incident upon the lens and to diminish the transmission of either or both green color radiation or yellow color radiation through the lens and a grey dye to reduce the transmission of incident light.

Abstract: A fabric consisting of or incorporating a yarn, itself resistant to dyeing, and treated to color the yarn prior to forming the fabric by means of a continuous pigment pad-dyeing or coating process. The yarn is impregnated with a mixture of pigment and a binder and is drawn continuously through a roller nip to remove excess mixture. The yarn is next dried and thereafter wound. By using a continuous pad-dyeing process to treat the yarn prior to forming the fabric, the possibility is realized of increasing the color/color pattern choice for fire-resistant materials which are extremely difficult to dye and widening the choice of coloring process for the more generally used materials with practical and/or economic advantage for specials and/or smaller batches.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of wool with anionic dyes is described, wherein the wool is dyed in the presence of a UV absorber and bleached oxidatively and then bleached reductively in a new bath.This process makes it possible to produce very bright, brilliant shades.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the photochemical stabilization of undyed and dyed polypropylene fibre material with light stabilizers, which process comprises treating said material with an aqueous solution containing a light stabilizer from the class of the sterically hindered amines.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the photochemical stabilization of undyed and dyeable artificial leather, which comprises treating said artificial leather in an aqueous liquor which contains a light stabilizer. A composition for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: Poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) fabrics containing N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone on them are printed with a print paste. Print pastes containing N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone are also described.

Abstract: A process for preventing yellowing of polyamide fibre materials treated with stain-blocking agents which comprises treating the polyamide fibre material with a water-soluble light stabilizer with affinity for the fibre before, during or after the treatment with a stain-blocking agent, and the fibre material thus treated are described.

Abstract: In thermal stabilization of poly(.alpha.-olefin) fibers, such as a melt spun polypropylene, in which the poly(.alpha.-olefin) contains a hindered phenol, an organic phosphite, a hindered amine, and a metal salt of a fatty acid, the further inclusion of an alkali metal phosphate, such as sodium phosphate, results in improved thermal stability of the finished fiber.

Abstract: A method of treating natural or synthetic polyamide or cellulosic textiles comprises applying an effective amount of an arylating agent, preferably to the dyebath. The arylating agent may be of a formula Ar--(X--Y).sub.n wherein Ar is an aromatic residue such as substituted or unsubstituted benzene or naphthalene ring; X is a bridging group such as --SO.sub.2, --CO-- or --NH--; Y is a reactive group; and n is 1 to 3. The arylating agent reduces fibre damage of natural polyamide fibres during dyeing and proves the degree of dye fibre reaction in dyeing of polyamide and cellulosic textiles to improve wet fastness. Furthermore, on cellulosic textiles, wet and dry wrinkle recovery properties are improved as is the yield of reactive dye fixation. On keratinous fibres shrink resistant and moth resistant properties are improved also. Certain novel arylating compounds are disclosed also.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flame retardant for synthetic fiber substrates and a method of imparting flame resistance to such substrates using the flame retardant. The flame retardant of this invention comprises 75 to 95 weight parts of a hexabromocyclododecane compound having a melting point not less than 195.degree. C. and 25 to 5 weight parts of a hexabromocyclododecane compound having a melting point less than 160.degree. C., which hexabromocyclododecane compounds are available on bromination of trans-trans-cis-cyclododecatriene. This flame retardant imparts excellent flame resistance to synthetic fiber substrates. Moreover, when a synthetic fiber substrate is dyed using a dye bath containing this flame retardant and a dye, the soiling of the substrate and dyeing equipment is kept at the minimum.

Abstract: Improved light fastness of dyeings on textile polyester material with disperse dyes is obtainable by dyeing in the presence of certain benzophenone ether esters, some of which are novel.

Abstract: Breaking and/or test strength of aramid fabrics are enhanced when finished with a fabric softener. Improvements of up to 50% over the corresponding untreated greige fabrics and up to 45% over the corresponding untreated dyed fabric are achieved without detracting from flame resistance of these fabrics.

Abstract: A process for flame retarding blends of cellulosic and other fibres e.g. polyester fibres involves impregnation thereof with tetra kis (hydroxyorgano) phosphonium compounds or condensates thereof followed by curing with ammonia, the operation being performed in at least two steps, and with 5-20% of organophosphorus compound (as THP.sup.+ ion) applied in the first step.

Abstract: An anhydrous flame retardant composition comprising diammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and a surfactant. The composition can be made up into an aqueous solution and used to impregnate textile materials to impart flame retardancy thereto.

Abstract: Aramid and aramid-blend fabrics are dyed and optionally flame-retardant treated using conventional pressure and heat dyeing equipment. Odor-free, colored or colored and highly flame resistant products result.

Abstract: This application discloses new compositions of matter useful as flame retardants for cellulosic materials comprising ammonium bromide and, at least, one water-soluble aluminum salt of an organic hydroxy acid, such as aluminum citrate or aluminum lactate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process and group of products that are useful in preventing nylon and wool fibers, including carpeting and upholstery, from being permanently stained. Fibers can be permanently stained by food colors contained in food spilled on the fiber. This new group of sulfomethylated phenol-formaldehyde or naphthol-formaldehyde and anionic surfactant compounds not only block the stain from the fiber but also minimize any yellowing or discoloration of the treated fibers during the application and during the subsequent exposure to sunlight or commonly used lightfastness testing equipment.

Abstract: A process for the photochemical stabilization of polyamide fiber material or mixtures thereof with other fiber materials which comprises treating the fiber material with a mixture of (A) a water-soluble copper complex dye or a mixture of copper complex compounds, at least one component being a water-soluble copper complex dye, (B) a light stabilizer and if desired (C) an antioxidant, an agent for carrying out the process and the fiber material treated therewith are described.

Abstract: Polyester/cotton fabrics are flame retardant treated with a flame-retardant cyclic phosphonate ester and tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS), usually applied simultaneously, then cured. The resulting fabrics retain their flame-retardant properties after numerous machine washings and have an acceptable hand.

Abstract: Alumina trihydrate particles coated with alkali metal silicate, alkaline earth metal silicate or alumino silicate are useful as fillers in paper and plastics and provide good opacity and brightness properties as well as fire retardancy. The alumina trihydrate products are prepared by reaction of alumina trihydrate with an alkali metal silicate, an alkaline earth metal silicate, or alumino silicate, or the reaction of alkali metal silicate or alkaline earth metal silicate with aluminum sulfate to produce an alumino silicate precipitate coating in situ.

Abstract: A yarn having antimicrobial properties comprising a plurality of individual synthetic polymer filaments wherein at least one of the filaments but less than 20% of the total of the individual filaments in the yarn has a sufficient amount of antimicrobial activity to inhibit microbial growth in the entire yarn.

Abstract: A process is described for improving the photochemical stability of dyeings on polyester fibre materials by means of UV absorbers of the formula ##STR1## in which R is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or hydroxyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another alkyl which is substituted by hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, amino, monoalkylamino or dialkylamino, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by chlorine, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or o-hydroxyphenyl, and n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: The flame-resistant properties of aramid fibers are improved using a swelling agent to introduce a flame retardant into the fiber. The treated fiber has properties of strength approximating the untreated fiber, flame resistance greater than the untreated fiber and is conveniently dyed to an unlimited range of colors with high color yield. An aqueous dimethylsulfoxide solution is used as the swelling agent.