Abstract: Disclosed are a surgical towel and a method for producing the same. The production method includes the following steps: blowing: removing impurities from a pure-cotton raw material; carding: loosening and combing the blown pure-cotton raw material; lapping: spreading cotton-webs, which are formed after the carding, back and forth in the direction of cotton fiber in a staggered overlapping manner; water jetting: water-jet entangling the lapped cotton-webs by using a high-pressure water flow; degreasing: removing wax or grease from cotton fibers of an all-cotton non-woven fabric; bleaching: bleaching the degreased all-cotton non-woven fabric; softening and finishing: softening and finishing the all-cotton non-woven fabric to enhance its softness; and cutting and folding: cutting and folding the softened and finished all-cotton non-woven fabric according to a required specification and packaging the same into a finished product.

Abstract: Fabrics containing camouflage patterns are produced from dyes wherein at least certain of the colors contained in the pattern contain a low reflectance dye. The low reflectance dye is added to one or more colors in the pattern in order to preserve the camouflage pattern when viewed through night vision goggles as relatively long wavelengths, such at wavelengths greater than 900 nm. In one embodiment, the low reflectance dye comprises a thiazine. The low reflectance dye is blended with other dyes to produce colors in the pattern. By altering the concentration of the low reflectance dye in each of the colors, the colors contained in the camouflage pattern remain separate and distinct even at relatively long wavelengths.

Abstract: Methods for dyeing aramid fibers, and the dyed arimid fibers produced by these methods, which comprises a dye providing step in which a vat dye or a sulfur dye is provided to aramid fibers, a solvent treatment step in which the aramid fibers are treated by a treating solution containing a polar solvent, and after the solvent treatment step, a heat treatment step in which the aramid fibers are subjected to a heat treatment, if necessary, and having one or more dyeing operations comprising the combination of the respective steps dyeing operations. The dyeing methods can be applied to either of the para-type aramid fibers, the para-type copolymerized aramid fibers and the meta-type aramid fibers, which can be dyed to a practical color depth required for developing new applications of the aramid fibers. Colorfastness of the dyed product, in particular, colorfastness to light, is improved.

Abstract: A process for using reduced vat dyes in a continuous dyeing process for production of dyed yarns and fabrics of different colors. In the process, dye composition is introduced to a treatment unit for reduction to desired dye composition. The dye concentration in the treatment unit is lower than feeding dye concentration so that dye precipitation does not occur, but significantly higher than the circulating dye concentration so that the dye is reduced efficiently. Although the preferred location for the treatment unit is before the circulation line, it may be at any location before the dip-dye tank.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of printing a textile comprising polyester, or a full-chrome, semi-chrome or vegetable-tanned leather, with a vat or a sulfur dye, comprising inkjet printing a solubilised vat dye or a solubilised sulfur dye onto the textile or the leather.

Abstract: A hybrid pigment composition is provided including a pigment or a dye and a fibrous clay. The pigment composition has higher reflectance in a near infrared region than a visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fibrous clay can be selected from palygorskite, sepiolite, and mixtures thereof. The hybrid pigment composition is tunable to provide high reflectance at a desired wavelength in the near infrared region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dyeing sheetlike textile materials with a dye, which comprises a concentrated dye system being applied in a total amount of 1% to 25% by weight, based on the textile material, to the textile material in two or more sub-steps and the dye being fixed on the textile material after each and every sub-step.

Abstract: Disclosed are composition and method for dyeing keratin-containing fibers comprising or utilizing styryl sulfide dyes of formula (1), their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R1, R?1, R2, R?2, R3, R?3, W1, W?1, W2, W?2, W3, W?3, W4, W?4, Q, Q?, Y1 and Y2 are defined in claims and disclosure.

Abstract: The invention relates to the dyeing of keratin materials using naphthylimide thiol/disulphide thiol fluorescent dyes, and to a dyeing process which has a lightening effect on keratin materials, in particular keratin fibres, especially human keratin fibres such as the hair, using said composition. It similarly relates to novel thiol/disulphide fluorescent dyes and to uses thereof in lightening keratin materials. This composition makes it possible to obtain a particularly resistant and visible lightening effect on dark keratin fibres.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for treating textiles, including carpet and other floor coverings. Compositions of the present invention, in some embodiments, can impart flame resistant and/or stain resistant properties to fibers, including synthetic fibers comprising polyolefins, polyamides, and polyesters such as polytrimethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitro-sulfide dyes of formula (1), their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R1, R2, R3, independently from each other are hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl or C1-C20alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more C1-C5alkoxy, halogen, —NH2, mono-C1-C5alkylamino, di-C1-C5alkylamino, —NO2 or hydroxy; C3-C6cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C1-C5alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C1-C5alkyl; halogen; NO2; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5alkoxy, halogen, —NH2, mono-C1-C5alkylamino, di-C1-C5alkylamino, —NO2 or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR4R5, wherein R4 and R5 independently from each other are hydrogen; C1-C12alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C1-C5alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5alkoxy, halogen, —NH2, mono-C1-C5alkylamino, di-C1-C5alkylamino, —NO2, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (2); wherein at least one o

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescent whitening agent comprising a mixture of two symmetrically and one asymmetrically substituted triazinylaminostilbene disulphonic acids, certain novel derivatives, a process for their preparations and use of the mixture for whitening synthetic or natural organic materials, especially paper and for the fluorescent whitening and improvement of sun protection factors of textile materials.

Abstract: Disclosed are thiol dyes of formula (1), wherein R1 is hydrogen; C1-C12alkyl; or phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; X is C1-C12alkylene; C2-C12alkenylene; C5-C10cycloalkylene; C5-C10arylene; or C5-C10arylene-C1-C10alkylene; Y is the residue of an organic dye which corresponds to the formula (1a), wherein R2 is hydrogen; or C1-C5alkyl; R3 is a radical of formula (1a1): (1a2); or (1a3); or R2 and R3 together with the linking carbon atom C form a 6 to 10 membered carbocyclic ring which may optionally be a condensated aromatic system and may contain one or more than one hetero atom; and R4, R5 and R6 independently form each other are hydrogen, or C1-C5alkyl; Z is H; or a thio ester group of formula (1b), wherein A is O; S; or N—R9; B is —OR7; —NR7R8, or —SR7; and A is O; S; or N—R9; B is —OR7; —NR7R8, or —SR7; and R7, R8 and R9, independently from each other are hydrogen; C1-C12alkyl C6-C12aryl; or C6-C12aryl-C1-C12alkyl. The compounds are useful for the dyeing of organic materials, such as keratin fibers, preferably human hair.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula.

Abstract: A method for surface dyeing a range of textile materials, in the form of yarn, fabric, or garments, includes: a) preparing a dyebath including dye particles and an additive, such as an anionic acrylic copolymer, causing the particles to become charged; b) preparing the textile material by applying an additive, such as a cationic polyamide, forming a substrate with a charge attracting the particles, c) immersing the textile material in the dyebath; d) chemically reducing the dye particles retained on the textile material to a leuco form; and e) oxidizing the dye material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: A process for dyeing certain textile fibers, utilizing vat acid dyeing and specific additional (second) reducing agents such as ?-hydroxyalkylsulfinic acids, their salts and 1,2,4-trithiolane, resulting in excellent depth of shade and washfastness, is provided.

Abstract: It is the objective of the present invention to disclose a method of continuously dyeing durable nonwoven fabrics, and more specifically, nonwoven fabrics comprising a cellulosic fibrous material dyed with indigo dyestuffs. It is in accordance with the present invention, to utilize synthetic fibers in combination with natural or cellulosic fibers in the formation of a nonwoven web. The natural fibers, preferably cotton, make up at least 10% of the fibrous nonwoven fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: Antifreeze concentrates based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof or on glycerol, comprising from 0.0005 to 0.1% by weight of the dye C.I. Reactive Violet 5 (Color Index No. 18097), based on the total amount of the concentrate.

Abstract: Mediator systems obtainable by mixing one or more salts of a metal capable of forming a plurality of valence states with at least one amino-containing complexing agent (K1) and at least one hydroxyl-containing but amino-devoid complexing agent (K2) in an alkaline aqueous medium, wherefor the complexing agents may be present as salts and the molar ratio of K1 to metal ion is from 0.1:1 to 10:1 and the molar ratio of K2 to metal ion is from 0.1:1 to 5:1 are useful for dyeing cellulosic textile material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing dyed textile materials consisting of polyester and polyamide. The textile material is dyed by means of pigments or a disperse dye that stains polyester. Surplus dye is removed. The polyamide portion is dyed using vat dyes, leuco vat dyes, sulphide dyes or soluble sulphide dyes. Said dyes are vatted if this is required for obtaining a solubility and are oxidatively converted into the real dyes after attaching.

Abstract: Process for producing dyed, tubular food wrappings from non-woven fabric coated with regenerated cellulose, characterized in that an alkaline dye liquor containing at least one dye which has been previously converted into an alkali-soluble form by chemical reduction and which can be converted into its insoluble form by oxidation is admixed to the viscose solution used for the production of the layer of regenerated cellulose, a tubular non-woven fabric is coated with the mixture of viscose solution and dye liquor, the viscose is coagulated and regenerated to form cellulose hydrate gel and the dye distributed in the viscose is reconverted into its insoluble form by oxidation; tubular food wrappings produced by this process and their use as synthetic casings for sausages.

Abstract: Mediator systems obtainable by mixing a salt of an electrochemically active complexing metal (M1) capable of forming a plurality of valence states with a hydroxyl-containing complexing agent, which may likewise be present as salt, and with a salt of an electrochemically inactive complexing metal (M2) in an alkaline aqueous medium, wherefor the molar ratio of metal ion M2 to metal ion M1 is from 0.8:1 to 2:1 are useful for reducing dyes and dyeing cellulosic textile material.

Abstract: A process for dyeing certain textile fibers, utilizing vat acid dyeing and specific additional (second) reducing agents such as &agr;-hydroxyalkylsulfinic acids, their salts and 1,2,4-trithiolane, resulting in excellent depth of shade and washfastness, is provided.

Abstract: This relates to a dye represented by Formulae II and IIA below: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to textile spun-dyed fiber material comprising synthetic fibers or mixtures of cellulosic and synthetic fibers for producing military camouflage articles, wherein the synthetic fiber fraction is spun-dyed with a dye having a chlorophyll-like reflectance in the IR region, and to its use for producing military camouflage print articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to new thioxanthone compounds having utility as fluorescent dyes and processes for their manufacture.

Abstract: The invention concerns a ready-to-use oxidation composition for dyeing keratinous fibres, in particular human keratinous fibres such as hair comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidation colouring agent, at least an acid direct colouring agent comprising in its structure at least a sulphonic function or at least a carboxylic function, and at least an enzyme such as laccase, as well as the dyeing method using said composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur dye protection systems and compositions and methods employing same, as well as processes for making sulfur dyes, especially bleach stable sulfur dyes, processes for dying textiles with sulfur dyes and textiles dyed by such processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying existing dyes and/or making newly formed sulfur dyes. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to materials that can chemically or physically interact with sulfur dyes to protect the sulfur dyes from oxidation by oxidizing agents, such as bleaching agents.

Abstract: A process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: The aqueous dye solutions of the composition shown in claim 1 are distinguished by a good storage stability and are suitable for dyeing paper in red color shades.

Abstract: A process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for improving characteristics such as, whiteness retention, degradation, and dyeability of a polyamide by contacting the polyamide with thiocyanate. A polyamide produced by the process has improved dyed color depth, dyed color uniformity, hue, elimination of light dyeing ends, protection of dye sites from degradation, protection from UV degradation, reduced yellowing or oxidation, and/or resistance to loss of dyeability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for dyeing a material, comprising (a) treating the material with a dyeing system which comprises one or more reduced vat dyes and/or one or more reduced sulfur dyes; and (b) oxidizing the one or more reduced vat dyes or one or more reduced sulfur dyes adsorbed onto the treated material with an oxidation system comprising (i) an oxygen source and one or more enzymes exhibiting oxidase activity or (ii) a hydrogen peroxide source and one or more enzymes exhibiting peroxidase activity, to convert the one or more reduced dyes to their original oxidized insoluble colored forms; wherein the material is a fabric, yarn, fiber, garment or film made of cotton, diacetate, flax, fur, hide, leather, linen, lyocel, polyacrylic, polyamide, polyester, ramie, rayon, silk, tencel, triacetate, viscose or wool.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for reducing dyes of the group consisting of sulfur and vat dyes. The reduction is carried out in an aqueous alkali medium using isomaltulose or a mixture containing isomaltulose as the reducing agent.

Abstract: Textiles are first manufactured to attain dimensional stability and durability and thereby withstand the rigors of industrial rental and commercial laundering. Then, the garments are dyed in a two-stage process to yield outstanding colorfastness, pilling resistance, dimensional stability and durability. Garments are yielded that, even after extensive use, may be overdyed to custom colors in custom-sized batches to extend the useful life of stained or otherwise discolored garments. By performing the dyeing and/or overdyeing portions of the process at a location near the end user of the textile, transaction costs related to transportation of goods are minimized, technical resources are efficiently utilized, and large inventories of dyed garments need not be maintained, thereby reducing inventory expenses.

Abstract: A process for recovering a vat dye from a textile using a heated organic solvent. The textile is contacted with a heated organic solvent in which the dye is soluble until dye is extracted from the textile into the solvent to produce a dye-containing solvent solution. The dye is then recovered from the organic solvent by evaporation of the solvent leaving a dye residue, cooling and precipitation of the dye, or extraction of the dye by contacting the dye-containing solvent solution with an aqueous solution containing a reducing agent for the dye. When dye is extracted from the dye-containing solvent solution by contacting it with an aqueous solution containing a reducing agent, the dye is subsequently insolubilized by oxidation, and the dye is recovered from the aqueous dye solution. This process is particularly advantageous for recovering indigo dye from denim scrap.

Abstract: Continuous dyeing of cellulose-containing yarn with indigo in a single operation is disclosed, in that the reduced indigo from an aqueous dye liquor containing reducing agents, alkali, and additionally a further dissolved alkali metal salt in a concentration of 200 to 350 g/l as the electrolyte, and whose pH value has been adjusted to 10.2 to 11.3, is applied to the yarn. The reduced indigo absorbed by the fibers is oxidized again to pigment while maintaining the high concentration of electrolyte, and the dye process is finished in the customary manner.

Abstract: Improved dyestuff compositions comprising a dye cake and a dye dispersant are disclosed wherein the dye dispersant comprises sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignin of increased activity and improved heat stability properties and which dispersants are disclosed to be prepared by substantial removal of the low molecular weight component of the sulfonated and sulfomethylated lignin. Exclusion of the low molecular weight portion of the dispersant may be accomplished by fractionation of the sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignin to remove a substantial portion of the molecules having a molecular weight below 3,000. Alternatively, in the case of lignin recovered from sulfate or soda wood pulping processes, the lignin may be fractionated to remove a substantial portion of the molecules having a molecular weight below 3,000 prior to sulfonation or sulfomethylation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for dyeing a material, comprising (a) treating the material with a dyeing system which comprises one or more reduced vat dyes and/or one or more reduced sulfur dyes; and (b) oxidizing the one or more reduced vat dyes or one or more reduced sulfur dyes adsorbed onto the treated material with an oxidation system comprising (i) an oxygen source and one or more enzymes exhibiting oxidase activity or (ii) a hydrogen peroxide source and one or more enzymes exhibiting peroxidase activity, to convert the one or more reduced dyes to their original oxidized insoluble colored forms; wherein the material is a fabric, yarn, fiber, garment or film made of cotton, diacetate, flax, fur, hide, leather, linen, lyocel, polyacrylic, polyamide, polyester, ramie, rayon, silk, tencel, triacetate, viscose or wool.

Abstract: A process of preparing a dye composition and a resultant dye composition. The process includes preparing a mixture comprising a triphenylmethane dye and oxidation products by reacting methylenedianiline, aniline, an oxidation catalyst, and an oxidant; separating the oxidation products from the triphenylmethane dye to produce an aqueous solution of oxidation products; treating the solution of oxidation products with a basic compound; separating unreacted aniline from the solution of oxidation products and forming a mixture of oxidation products; and sulfonating the mixture of oxidation products to form a dye composition.

Abstract: Suede-like artificial leather is described that is treated with at least one dye selected from the group consisting of sulfur dyes, vat dyes and sulfur vat dyes, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy benzophenone. The suede-like artificial leather has excellent color resistance to light and color fastness to both washing and dry-cleaning.

Abstract: Improved processes for the exhaust dyeing of cellulosic fibers with sulphur dyes in the presence of non-sulphide reducing agents wherein the dyeing of the textile substrate is performed in a closed vessel in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen level and then oxidizing.

Abstract: A method is provided for dyeing a non-cellulosic organic material with a dye, preferably a vat dye, comprising (a) treating the material with a dye in the presence of a reducing agent and an alkali and (b) oxidising the treated material produced in step (a) characterised in that the concentration of reducing agent used in step (a) is increased above that used for conventional vat dyeing such that the resultant dyed material has a lightfastness of 5 or more by BS 1006 B01 and B02 (1978) and/or has a washfastness or 5 or more by British Standard Test BS 1006 C06.C2 (1981). Preferably the step (a) is carried out in the presence of an alkali in concentration of at least 0.5 molar, more preferably 1 molar or more and most preferably 1 to 4 molar. The method provides vat dyed non-cellulosic organic materials having a reflectance of infrared light of wavelength 400 nm to 680 nm of less than 15%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzothioxanthene dyes of the formula I, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. M.sup..sym. or SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are hydrogen, SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. M.sup..sym. or SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 and X, Y, n, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and M.sup..sym. are as defined in claim 1, to their preparation and to their use, especially in inks and recording liquids.