Abstract: A process for arresting or attenuating ultraviolet induced damage to nylon fibers comprising dyeing cationic dyeable nylon fibers at a pH of about 2.5 or less with an acid dye, a fiber reactive dye or premetallized acid dye and, subsequent to exposing said fibers to fiber damaging amounts of ultraviolet light, applying a neutralizing aqueous solution having a pH of about 7.5 or greater to said fibers, thereby arresting or attenuating ultraviolet induced damage to said nylon fibers. The nylon fibers may be in a carpet which may be treated after installation.

Abstract: A process and novelty kit for permanently affixing a decorative color or color pattern to an aliphatic nylon plastic material, wherein the nylon is selectively preconditioned to maximize dye transfer and uptake, thereby providing a permanently decorated keepsake, such as, e.g., a decorated Easter egg. The process preferably includes selected molding and cooling conditions for the nylon, as well as preferably conditioning the nylon in heated aqueous media prior to the step of color decoration. Optionally, the dye itself can be pre-heated, and the dye can be applied to the nylon, while the nylon and dye are in contact with one another and are heated in a microwave or standard convection type oven. Alternatively, the nylon and dye can be left in contact with one another overnight, to produce the desired decorative color or color pattern on the nylon plastic material.

Abstract: A stain-resist for polyamide textiles comprises blends of maleic anhydride/alpha-olefin polymers with sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products. The stain-resist blends are water-soluble at low pH, even in the absence of surfactant, and are strongly substantive and more resistant to yellowing than the condensation products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dyeing hydrophobic polymer fibers, including the step of contacting the goods with an amount of a dyeing solution effective to dye the goods, wherein the solution comprises an amount of a terpene/terpenoid solvent and a dyestuff. The present invention also provides a composition for dissolving and dispersing a dyestuff for dyeing hydrophobic polymer fibers, including effective amounts of a terpene/terpenoid solvent for dissolving the dyestuff.

Abstract: This invention relates to paper machine clothing and has particular reference to paper machine clothing suitable for use in the forming, presing and drying sections of a papermakng machine and comprises a monofilament and/or staple fibre in which themonofilament or staple fibre comprises a polyamide material which has been subjected to a treatment with an aqueous solution of aldehyde in the presence of a catalyst to effect partial cross-linking of the polyamide to provide a gel content thereof within the range of 0.1-75%.

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface properties of aramids by coating aramid fibers with certain fluorinated compounds containing polar nitrogen groups. Also disclosed are the fibers and fabrics produced by this process, and their use in ballistic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing a stain and soil resistant aqueous (non-solvent) composition. The resulting composition demonstrates effective freeze-thaw stability.

Abstract: The stain resistance of nylon fibers is improved by attaching stainblocking compounds to the fiber surface using agents which have been grafted to the nylon using UV light and a photoactivator.

Abstract: A method of imparting acid dye stain resistance to polyamide substrates having improved durability of the stain resistance to detergent washings comprising treating the polyamide substrate with an effective amount of a mixture of phenyl vinyl ether/maleic diacid copolymer and 2-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenoxy)-ethyl vinyl ether/maleic diacid copolymer, wherein the phenyl vinyl ether/maleic diacid copolymer is the stain resist agent, and the 2-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenoxy)-ethyl vinyl ether/maleic diacid copolymer is added to improve the durability of the stain resist agent.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fabrics are flame retardant treated and optionally heatset and/or simultaneously dyed in a heated flame retardant liquid in which a disperse or acid dye may be dissolved. Flame-resistant fabrics result.

Abstract: The present invention involves an aqueous surface treatment agent for polymer fibers on the basis of a resin preparation, characterized in that it contains1-30 percent by weight of a polar phenoplast of the resol type2-40 percent by weight of a copolymer, crosslinkable with resols, of a radical polymerizable, aromatic hydroxymethyl and/or methyl halogen compound andwater to make 100 percent by weight, wherein, if desired, up to 5 percent by weight further adhesion promoters can be present.This invention also involves the use of the surface treatment agent for the modification of organic or inorganic polymer fibers, preferably polyamide or polyimide fibers, particularly aromatic polyimide fibers, and a process for the modification of polymer fibers.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions to impart coffee stain resistance to polyamide textile substrate such as carpets. The compositions comprise either (i) a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzed aromatic-containing vinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer, a half ester of an aromatic-containing vinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer, and mixtures thereof, or (ii) an aromatic-containing acrylate copolymerized with an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The coffee stain-resistant polyamide textile substrates made are also part of the invention.

Abstract: Stain of fabrics containing terminal amine groups by foodstuffs and other liquid or moist products that contain a dye having sulfonic acid moieties can be prevented or minimized by also including in the product a sulfonated naphthol- or sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation product in non-toxic quantities.

Abstract: A method for dyeing fibrous material is provided. The method includes contacting a fibrous material with a mixture of a carrier and a dye soluble or dispersed in the carrier. The improvement comprises the use, as the carrier, of a mixture comprising N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone and an alkyl or aryl benzoate. The carrier system of the present can be utilized advantageously to dye difficult to dye fibrous material such as aromatic polyamides including Kevlar.RTM. fibers and blends thereof with other fibers.

Abstract: A method for imparting to fibrous polyamide materials stain resistance to acid colorants is provided. The method comprises (a) applying by immersion or padding of said material or applying to the fiber during spinning thereof 0.01 to 0.3 weight percent based on the weight of said polyamide material of a stain resist agent and (b) applying sufficient stain resist agent by foam application to provide a stain resistance rating of at least about 5.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkyl melamine used in the processing of textiles with amino resins to reduce formaldehyde emissions and improve textile "hand".

Abstract: Stain-resistant compositions comprising sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products and polymers of maleic anhydride and one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyamide textile substrates treated with the same, and processes for their preparation. The stain-resistant compositions and substrates possess improved stain resistance but do not suffer from yellowing to the extent that previously known materials do.

Abstract: Synthetic polyamide textile substrate having deposited thereon a modified polymeric sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation product comprising one (a) in which 10 to 25% of the polymer units contain SO.sub.3 (-) radicals and about 90 to 75% of the polymer units contain sulfone radicals and (b) in which a portion of the free hydroxyl groups thereof has been acylated or etherified, the number of said hydroxyl groups which has been acylated or etherified being sufficient to inhibit yellowing of said condensation product but insufficient to reduce materially the capacity of said condensation product to impart stain resistance to said synthetic polyamide textile substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions for imparting stain resistance to fibers, which composition comprises a phenolic or naphtholic resin.

Abstract: Stain-resistant substrates comprising sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products and polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyamide textile substrates treated wtih the same, and processes for their preparation. The stain-ressitant compositions and substrates possess improved stain resistance but do not suffer from yellowing to the extent that previously known materials do.

Abstract: Fiber lubricants comprising a lubricating emulsion and a high molecular weight acrylamidoalkane sulfonic acid polymer are provided. The lubricants, especially those banded on low-friction silicone lubricating emulsions, are characterized by excellent low wet friction properties, particularly on cotton fibers.

Abstract: Stain-resistant compositions comprising sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products and polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyamide textile substrates treated with the same, and processes for their preparation. The stain-resistant compositions and substrates possess improved stain resistance but do not suffer from yellowing to the extent that previously known materials do.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for sculpturing pile fabrics which comprises: (a) selectively contacting the surface of a pile fabric corresponding to a pattern a fiber degrading composition, said composition comprising a fiber degrading agent in a concentration sufficient to reduce the tensile strength of the fibers of the pile, said fiber degrading agent being selected from a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each independently selected from a lower alkyl group having from one to about five carbon atoms, dyes are optionally selectively applied in pattern form and in register with the fiber degrading composition; (b) heating the pile fabric to temperatures above 180.degree. F. but below 250.degree. F.

Abstract: Polyamide yarn provided with a built-in antimicrobial capacity characterized by the adhesive on the fiber surface of an antimicrobial agent comprising an organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt and a surfactant comprising an alkyl-, aryl-, alkenyl-, or arylsulfonate salt, optionally with the presence of a level-dyeing promoter.

Abstract: Polyamide fibers are made stain resistant by treating them with a sulfonated naphthol- or sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation product. Applying the stain-resist compounds at pH values of between 1.5 and 2.5 renders them stable to yellowing upon exposure to agents in the environment such as NO.sub.2.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl-alkyl-sulfide or sulfonyl-alkylene esters of meta- and para-pyromellitates, partially esterified with 3-chloro-1,2-propane diol, of the formulae: ##STR1## or mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, andm is 0 or 2, are useful for incorporation into organic polymers to render them oil repellent and soil resistant.

Abstract: The light-resistance of aromatic polyamide fibers can be improved by heat-treating the aromatic polyamide fibers in the presence of urea and thiourea. The improvement in the light-resistance is enhanced by using aromatic polyamide fibers having an ultraviolet absorber incorporated therein.

Abstract: Fluorinated esters based on multi-ring anhydride systems are disclosed which have excellent anti-soiling properties, durability and resistance to laundering. The compounds are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or 3, Q is a linking group such as --CO--, --O--, or (C.sub.a H.sub.2a+2-n --(O.sub.2 C).sub.n, R.sub.f is a fluorinated radical, and R is derived from an epoxide such as ethylene oxide or epichlorohydrin. Also disclosed are polyester and nylon fibers having these compounds incorporated therein, and a process for producing such soil-repellent fibers.

Abstract: This invention is a nylon fiber useful for improved comfort for wearers of apparel fabric made therefrom comprising (a) from about 5 to 15 percent by weight of poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) having a molecular weight which in a 25% aqueous solution gives a viscosity of from about 20 to 1 000 centipoise (0.02 to 1.0 Pa.s) at 25.degree. C. and (b) correspondingly from about 85 to 95% by weight nylon.

Abstract: In order to produce random changes in texture of pile fabrics, continuous multifilament bulked yarn is treated to detexturize spaced portions along its length.

Abstract: Fluorinated esters based on multi-ring anhydride systems are disclosed which have excellent anti-soiling properties, durability and resistance to laundering. The compounds are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or 3, Q is a linking group such as --CO--, --O--, or (C.sub.a H.sub.2a+2-n --(O.sub.2 C).sub.n, R.sub.f is a fluorinated radical, and R is derived from an epoxide such as ethylene oxide or epichlorohydrin. Also disclosed are polyester and nylon fibers having these compounds incorporated therein, and a process for producing such soil-repellent fibers.

Abstract: This invention is a nylon fiber useful for improved comfort for wearers of apparel fabric made therefrom comprising (a) from about 5 to 15 percent by weight of poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) having a molecular weight which in a 25% aqueous solution gives a viscosity of from about 20 to 1 000 centipoise (0.02 to 1.0 Pa.s) at 25.degree. C. and (b) correspondingly from about 85 to 95% by weight nylon.

Abstract: A method for decreasing a polyamide textile material's affinity for acid dyes, which comprises pretreating the textile material with an acylimidazole compound.

Abstract: Anti-soiling properties are imparted to fibers by applying thereto an effective amount of the neutralized phosphate ester of an aliphatic alcohol having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms in the chain.

Abstract: Durable excellent water absorption property and antistatic property can be given to synthetic fiber by a simple method. In the method, a polymerization initiator is absorbed in the fiber and then the fiber is applied with a water-soluble polymerizable monomer and heat treated to form a polymer thereon.

Abstract: A process for bulking linear polycarbonamide fibers which comprises treating the same with a solution or dispersion of an alcohol, thereafter washing in hot and cold water and drying.

Abstract: A method for processing anklet socks knit with at least some thermoplastic stretchable yarns and having cuff portions in which the socks are subjected to a dye bath and excess fluid is extracted from the socks leaving them damp to the touch, and thereafter placing a first sock on a sock form while damp and enveloping the first sock with the second damp sock forming a pair of socks after which the paired socks may have their cuff portions folded over simultaneously before being subjected to elevated temperatures to dry the socks and remove wrinkles with the socks having substantial bulk and stretch when dried.

Abstract: A photochemical process for treating nylon fiber yarn or pile fabric is disclosed. Nylon fiber yarn or pile fabrics treated according to the process of this invention exhibit excellent cleanability.

Abstract: Tint compositions for nylon having improved fugitivity properties comprising an admixture of a colorant having the general formulaR--N--[(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H].sub.2 }.sub.xwherein R is an organic dyestuff radical, x is an integer of 1 to 6, and the product of 2n times x is from about 200 to about 300, and a minor effective amount of a free radical inhibitor to retard free radical interaction between the colorant and the nylon.

Abstract: The longitudinal contraction of fibers of nylon in textile fabrics is caused by the application of a nylon textile fabric contracting agent. The agent comprises a mixture of ammonium or a metal nitrate; an acid selected from the group inorganic acid, organic carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof; and a halo, carbocyclic aryl, carbocyclic aryloxy or alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohol. The textile fabric is treated with the contracting agent and heated to a temperature of from about 200.degree. F. to about 400.degree. F., to initiate a longitudinal contraction of the treated portions of the nylon fabric. After removal of substantially all of the textile fabric treating agent, the textile fabric is dried, thereby completing the longitudinal contraction.

Abstract: In a process for dyeing synthetic polyamide fibre materials with metal-free acid dyestuffs a dye liquor is used which contains compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical with 12-22 carbon atoms,R.sub.2 represents hydrogen and/or methyl,m represents 0 or 1,n represents 2 or 3 andThe sum of x + y + z represents a number from 10-30, and compounds of the formulaR.sub.3 -- B -- XwhereinR.sub.3 represents an alkyl radical with 12-22 carbon atoms and/or a phenyl or/and naphthyl radical which contains a total of 12-22 carbon atoms and is substituted by one or more alkyl radicals,B represents --O--SO.sub.2 -- and/or --SO.sub.3 andX represents hydrogen or an ammonium, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, mono-, di- or tri-alkyl-ammonium or hydroxyalkylammonium ion with, in each case, 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, or represents a cyclohexyl-ammonium ion.

Abstract: Tint compositions for nylon having improved fugitivity properties comprising an admixture of a colorant having the general formulaR{N-[(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H].sub.2 }.sub.xwherein R is an organic dyestuff radical, x is an integer of 1 to 6, and the product of 2n times x is from about 200 to about 300, and at least 30 weight percent of a water-soluble polymeric resin. A minor effective amount of a free radical inhibitor can be incorporated into the tint compositions to retard free radical interaction between the colorant and the nylon.

Abstract: An improved composition is disclosed which consists of organic resins and silanes. The compositions are useful finishing resins for textiles, fibers and paper. An example of the improved composition is a copolymer resin containing at least one type of acrylic acid ester combined with at least one type of unsaturated aliphatic acid and, a silane containing epoxy groups.

Abstract: A surface modified continuous filament yarn and method for producing same is provided wherein a continuous filament twisted yarn is stretched and, while in its stretched or elongated state, contacted with an effective amount of a swelling agent for a period of time effectively to substantially rupture fibers on the surface of the elongated yarn without effecting interior fibers of the yarn, thereafter quenching the swelling agent and recovering a modified continuous filament yarn.

Abstract: Disclosed are epoxy-azido compounds of the formula ##EQU1## WHERE R is a polyvalent organic radical, R' is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, A is ##EQU2## and n and m are integers from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is the use of said epoxy-azido compounds in modifying polymers, cross-linking polymers, and adhering polymers to certain substrates, e.g. glass and other polymers.

Abstract: Process for coloring synthetic polyamide textile materials which comprises applying to the said textile materials by a dyeing, padding or printing process, an aqueous dispersion of pH less than 7 of a disperse dyestuff containing at least one carboxylic acid group and in the presence of a tanning agent, whereby level colorations are obtained which have excellent wet fastness properties.

Abstract: An improved process of developing an embossed effect in nylon pile fabric, particularly carpet, that comprises selectively contacting the pile surface of the foregoing fabric with a chemical fiber shrinking agent in combination with a penetrant vehicle capable of increasing materially the penetration of the shrinking agent into the fibre surface, and, correspondingly, the depth of embossing caused by the shrinking agent's action in reducing the length of the treated pile.